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The purpose of this study is to analyse the changes, if any, that take place in regional economic structures in the process of diversification, and the roles of sectors in such changes. Input-Output and Structural Path Analysis are used to develop indices that may be used for carrying out the analysis of these issues. A method is also developed for examining the role of linkages with respect to the fundamental structure of production outlined by Simpson and Tsukui. Using these indices and methods, the economic relationships between sectors and the economic structures of six planning districts in Virginia, in addition to the economies of the state of Virginia and the U.S. are analysed and compared. On the basis of these analyses, it is concluded that: (a) The feature of bloc independence found at the level of first order transactions in an economy is diluted at the level of higher order transactions in the metals bloc. However it persists strongly at higher levels of transactions in the nonmetals bloc. (b) The sectors of the metals, nonmetals and services blocs show a proportionate development of linkages irrespective of the degree of diversification of the economy. (c) Contrary to Hirschman's suggestion that complexity of linkages increases with diversification, the results suggest that diversification leads to less complexity in the linkage relationships. (d) The linkages of the agricultural sectors in Virginia are biased towards the services sectors. In the case of the agricultural sectors at the national level, the linkages are biased primarily towards the manufacturing sectors. The implications of these findings for development policy are discussed. / Ph. D.

本研究係以中國大陸「水路運輸部門」的「航港體制改革」有關問題為研究對象，係屬一種針對某一特定「產業部門」（Industrial Sectors）的體制改革問題之研究取向。 　　由中共建政至「改革開放」路線實施前的三十年中，其「水路運輸部門」在實踐上也浮現了若干問題，而隨著經濟體制改革，如何尋求這些問題的解決，即為1980年代初期以來中共推動「航港體制改革」之目的。 　　有關「改革開放時期中共航港體制改革之研究」此一議題，基本上橫跨了做為「經濟基礎」的航運事業、港口事業兩大「產業部門」（Industrial Sectors），又涉及到其「上層建築」的「政府機構改革」（航港行政管理體制改革）；在屬性上是一個典型的「公共政策分析」議題。 　　本研究主要使用「公共政策分析」研究法的「過程論模式」（Process Model）做為分析模式（analytical models）。經由「政策環境分析」及一系列的「政策過程階段分析」，據以產出「政策主張」。 　　綜上，本研究之主要內容，乃在探討（1）「水路運輸部門」的「航港體制改革」之公共政策分析，以及其中一系列的政策過程階段分析，（2）跨入新世紀航港體制改革進一步深化發展之可能取向。 / The subject of the study is focus on the related public policy issues that were regarding the shipping and ports sectors regime reform on the Reform and Opening Era for the Mainland China. The shipping and ports sectors regime reform are a part of the integrated transportation sectors regime reform, especially in the water transportation sectors regime reform. This study orientation is against the regime reform issues on one specified industrial sectors. 　　During the 30 years form the regime found of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) at 1949 to the beginning of the Reform and Opening Route at 1979, there were many problems existed on each developing process of the shipping and ports sectors. How to find the solutions against the problems, was the object to promote the shipping and ports regime reform from the beginning of 1980’s decade. 　　As regarding the issues of “A Study on the Shipping and Ports Sectors Regime Reform on the Reform and Opening Era for the Mainland China”, it is not only across both on the shipping industry and ports industry of the two important industrial sectors as the “Economic Base”, but also involved the government institutions reform (shipping and ports administration regime reform) as the “Upper Construction”, so that is a typical public policy analysis issues. The study will utilize the Public Policy Analysis Methodology, especially in Process Model to be the analytical models. Through the Policy Environment Analysis and the series Policy Process Stage Analysis, then it will output the Policy Advocacy. 　　As the above mentioned, the major contents of the study are including the （1）policy process stage analysis of the shipping and ports sectors regime reform, and （2）the possible upgrade orientation of the shipping and ports sectors regime reform during across to the new century.

This thesis brings together a coherent and inter-linked body of research published between 2000 and 2009 on clothing manufacturing; a sector that could be labelled ‘mature’ in its phase of economic development in Western economies. It investigates why in recent decades, despite notable early resilience the clothing industry within the West Midlands Region in the UK has declined markedly, placing this decline in the context of the picture nationally and internationally. It provides an in-depth analysis of the how the sector is placed to adapt, reverse decline and enhance its competitiveness, conceptualising firm behaviour in respect of attitudes to growth and change. Finally, it prescribes strategies and actions for the sustainability of such mature manufacturing sectors within modern growth-led economies. In doing so it recognises the crucial role played by government institutions at all scales in facilitating this process.

The Canterbury region of New Zealand experienced four earthquakes greater than MW 6.0 between September 2010 and December 2011. This study employs system dynamics as well as hazard, recovery and organisational literature and brings together data collected via surveys, case studies and interviews with organisations affected by the earthquakes. This is to show how systemic interactions and interdependencies within and between industry and geographic sectors affect their recovery post-disaster. The industry sectors in the study are: construction for its role in the rebuild, information and communication technology which is a regional high-growth industry, trucking for logistics, critical infrastructure, fast moving consumer goods (e.g. supermarkets) and hospitality to track recovery through non-discretionary and discretionary spend respectively. Also in the study are three urban centres including the region’s largest Central Business District, which has been inaccessible since the earthquake of 22 February 2011 to the time of writing in February 2013. This work also highlights how earthquake effects propagated between sectors and how sectors collaborated to mitigate difficulties such as product demand instability. Other interacting factors are identified that influence the recovery trajectories of the different industry sectors. These are resource availability, insurance payments, aid from central government, and timely and quality recovery information. This work demonstrates that in recovering from disaster it is crucial for organisations to identify what interacting factors could affect their operations. Also of importance are efforts to reduce the organisation’s vulnerability and increase their resilience to future crises and in day-to-day operations. Lastly, the multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the recovery and resilience of organisations and industry sectors after disaster, leads to a better understanding of effects as well as more effective recovery policy.

1 Abstract The public procurement market that accounts for a significant share of the Czech GDP represents an institution of high rent-seeking motive and corruption potential. Donations to political parties can be used as an indirect linkage between political parties and firms as potential suppliers of public contracts. We analyse whether connections and donations influence the number of supplied contracts, volume of supplied contracts and the number of bidders in the tendering process. Furthermore the impact of donations and connections on firms' performance and profitability is assessed. We identify significant effects on number of contracts, volume of contracts, dependence on revenues from contracts and number of bidders of both giving donations and history of employing a politically active person.

Cette recherche doctorale se focalise sur les informations environnementales publiées volontairement par les entreprises françaises dans leurs rapports annuels ou dans leurs rapports de développement durable au travers de cinq articles. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre les bénéfices que les firmes peuvent tirer de communiquer leur engagement environnemental auprès de leurs parties prenantes. En se basant sur un échantillon de grandes entreprises françaises du SBF 120 sur la période 2001-2011, notre recherche examine les leviers par lesquels la divulgation d’informations environnementales peut impacter la performance financière des entreprises. Dans un premier temps, elle analyse les avantages potentiels pour les entreprises qui communiquent sur leur engagement environnemental, concernant deux catégories importantes de parties prenantes : les actionnaires et les clients. Puis, elle analyse les circonstances dans lesquelles les entreprises opérant dans des secteurs polluants peuvent obtenir des bénéfices de leur divulgation environnementale. Nos résultats empiriques démontrent que les entreprises trouvent un intérêt économique à rendre compte à leurs actionnaires et clients leur engagement environnemental. / This doctoral research focus on the voluntary environmental information released by French firms in their annual reports and sustainability reports through five articles. The aim of this thesis is to provide better understanding of the potential benefits achieved by firms through communicated their environmental engagement to their external stakeholders. Using a sample of French listed firms belonging to the SBF 120 stock index over an eleven-year period (2001-2011), this research examines the mechanisms by which environmental reporting can influence firms’ financial performance. First, it illustrates the potential benefits for firms that report more on environmental initiatives, with regard to two important categories of stakeholders: shareholders and customers. Second, it investigates circumstances under which firms operating in environmentally sensitive industries can obtain financial benefits from the disclosure of their environmental initiatives. Our findings show that firms can reap economic benefits arising from environmental information disclosed to shareholders and customers.

A presente dissertação de mestrado reflete o resultado da pesquisa realizada para testar a hipótese de que a alocação do ônus das ações para mitigação das mudanças climáticas entre as atividades econômicas deve considerar as respectivas emissões para efetivar os ditames constitucionais e os dispositivos da Lei Federal nº 12.187, de 29 de dezembro de 2009 (Política Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima). Confirmada a hipótese de pesquisa, esta dissertação apresenta os critérios para alocação de metas diferenciadas de redução de emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa entre setores e fontes emissoras individuais, revelados pela doutrina e aplicados nas experiências internacionais de cap-and-trade. Por fim, verifica se os Planos Setoriais de Mitigação e de Adaptação às Mudanças Climáticas, publicados em suas versões preliminares e finais, adotam os critérios identificados pela pesquisa. / This essay presents the outcome of a research that sought to put in test the hypothesis that the allocation of the burden of climate change mitigation actions among business sectors shall take into consideration the respective associated emissions in order to comply with the Federal Constitution and the Federal Law N. 12, 187 passed on December 29, 2009 (National Policy on Climate Change). Once the hypothesis is confirmed, this essay presents the criteria for allocating differentiated Greenhouse Gases emissions reduction targets among business sectors and individual emissions sources, as they are revealed by the doctrine and applied by international experiences on cap-and-trade mechanisms. Finally, this essay verifies whether the Sectorial Plans on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, as published in their preliminary and definitive versions, adopt the criteria identified in the research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Americo Fernando.pdf: 1051848 bytes, checksum: c95845c131f4903c63afb379ec72ec7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research was done from July to October 2011 to get the master degree in Social Service. It is about the operations of the social sectors in the hospitals of Luanda as well as the hospitals social service. The objectives of this research were: 1- to know the operations developed by the social sectors in the hospitals of Luanda and 2- to contribute to institutionalize the hospitals social service in Angola.; 3- to know the health system within the hospitals in Luanda, its history, organization, the hospitals functioning and their related social sectors; 4- to identify the concrete actions developed by the social sector in each hospital and the technical operating tools used in its intervention; 5- to make suggestions that can be a reference to institutionalize the hospitals social service in Luanda. The starting point of this research was the supposition that, historically, the social sectors of the hospitals in Luanda have already developed operations attributed to the hospitals social service. The methodology embodied the bibliographical and documental research, as well as the field research. In the latter I used my previous observation as a traineeship supervisor in the social service of the hospitals and the semi structured interview with seventeen participants. To analyze the data, it was used the technique of content analysis. From 10 hospitals in Luanda, three were intentionally used as samples because they were in transition from Social Sectors to hospitals Social Service. The concepts of reference chosen were: health, hospital institution and Social Service. The results show that the social sectors of the hospitals Josina Machel, military hospital and the Pediatric hospital David Bernardino in Luanda, have done activities attributed to the hospitals social service since they were founded and from 2004 on ,we can notice the restructuring of these sectors with the admission of technicians in social education and in 2009, the admission of professionals in Social Service / O presente trabalho refere-se à pesquisa feita de Julho a Outubro de 2011, para adquirir o título de Mestre em Serviço Social e tem como tema as ações dos Setores Sociais nos hospitais Luanda e o Serviço Social hospitalar. O estudo teve como objetivos, conhecer as ações desenvolvidas pelos Setores Sociais dos hospitais de Luanda e contribuir para a institucionalização do Serviço Social hospitalar em Angola; conhecer o sistema de saúde na área hospitalar em Luanda, a história, organização e funcionamento dos hospitais e respetivos Setores Sociais; identificar as ações concretas que o Setor Social desenvolve em cada hospital e os instrumentos técnicos operativos utilizados na sua intervenção; propor sugestões que sirvam de referência para institucionalização do Serviço Social hospitalar em Luanda. Para os fins deste estudo partiu-se do pressuposto de que os Setores Sociais dos hospitais de Luanda, historicamente já desenvolviam ações atribuídas ao Serviço Social hospitalar. A metodologia compreendeu pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, bem como pesquisa de campo. Nesta utilizamos a observação anterior, como supervisor de estagiários de Serviço Social nos hospitais, a entrevista semi-estruturada com dezessete sujeitos. Para a análise dos dados, foi usada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. O universo da pesquisa foi constituído por dez hospitais situados em Luanda dos quais se elegeu três hospitais como amostra intencionalmente porque estavam em transição dos Setores Sociais para Serviço Social Hospitalar. Os conceitos de referência escolhidos foram: saúde, instituição hospitalar, Setor Social e Serviço Social. Os resultados mostram que os Setores Sociais dos hospitais Josina Machel, hospital Militar e hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino em Luanda, desde a sua criação realizam atividades atribuídas ao Serviço Social Hospitalar e a partir de 2004 assiste-se a restruturação destes setores com a admissão de técnicos médios em educação social e em 2009 os profissionais de Serviço Social

Em função dos problemas vivenciados na seguridade social ao longo da história os governos promoveram reformas estruturais com o objetivo de equacionar estes problemas e promover o equilíbrio das contas públicas. A seguridade social brasileira foi modulada em um sistema multipilar congregando uma previdência pública para cobertura de trabalhadores do setor privado (RGPS), uma previdência complementar (RPC) e uma previdência do setor público (RPPS). O RPPS é uma previdência de filiação obrigatória e contribuição compulsória, não permitindo aos seus contribuintes argüirem sua adesão, sendo um questionamento impraticável enquanto houver um vínculo empregatício. A compreensão do funcionamento do regime previdenciário ao qual está vinculado, suas obrigações e direitos enquanto contribuinte e beneficiário, apresenta-se de vital importância para a aquiescência de sua participação, assim como também a sua co-responsabilidade na gestão dos recursos aportados ao sistema. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio da realização de uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e com adoção do método quantitativo para tratamento dos dados, se as informações contábeis geradas pelo regime previdenciário municipal são úteis ao processo decisório desta última classe de segurados previdenciários, os servidores públicos municipais. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o servidor municipal demonstra um baixo interesse em obter informações previdenciárias principalmente financeiras e contábeis. Este baixo interesse advém de dois fatores: dificuldade de acesso (65% dos respondentes) e pouco conhecimento de temas relacionados tema tais como fontes de custeio e aplicação dos recursos (62%). O baixo interesse dos servidores públicos em obter informações quanto ao PREVIRIO/ FUNPREVI concede ao gestor do sistema liberdade para decidir os rumos que devem ser tomados para a instituição previdenciária. O servidor público precisa tomar conhecimento quanto aos resultados de gestão do sistema previdenciário e para isto são necessárias duas ações: de um lado uma intenção de agir do próprio servidor, tomando para si a responsabilidade pelos rumos do sistema. Do outro lado uma intenção próativa dos responsáveis pela gestão e pela elaboração de informações a serem disponibilizadas para este segmento de usuário. / In light of the problems experienced in social security throughout history governments promoted structural reforms aiming to solve these problems and promote the balance of public accounts. The Brazilian social security system was graded on a multipilar together for a public pension coverage of workers in the private sector (RGPS), a supplementary pension (PRC) and a social security system for public sectors employeers (RPPS). The RPPS is a scheme of compulsory membership and compulsory contribution, not allowing its contributors argue its membership, and a question there as unworkable a job. The understanding of the functioning of the pension to which it is bound, its obligations and rights as a taxpayer and beneficiary, is of vital importance for the acquiescence of their participation, as well as its co responsibility in the management of resources contributed to the system. In this context, this study was to evaluate, through the execution of a search of a descriptive and quantitative method for adoption of data processing, if the accounting information generated by the public pension system is useful for making the latter class of insured security, the public sectors employeers. The results showed that the local server has a low interest in obtaining information primarily financial and pension accounting. This low interest is due to two factors: difficulty of access (65% of respondents) and little knowledge of issues related issue such as funding sources and application of resources (62%). The low interest of public officials to obtain information about the PREVI-RIO/FUNPREVI grants the freedom of the system manager to decide the direction to be taken to a welfare institution. The server must make public the results of knowledge management and the pension system are needed for this two actions: one part of an intention to do the server itself, taking for himself the responsibility for the direction of the system. Across a proactive intention of those responsible for management and for preparing information to be available for this segment of the user.