Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-17T16:23:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaqueline Babetto Figueiredo.pdf: 2005618 bytes, checksum: b93dad12f801588ecdcb9f5d5e3b8a0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T16:23:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaqueline Babetto Figueiredo.pdf: 2005618 bytes, checksum: b93dad12f801588ecdcb9f5d5e3b8a0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / Our objectives are: to understand how the reproduction of capital changes the landscape in the city of São Paulo producing segregation and therefore an uneven city. And also consider the housing problems resulting from this dynamic, from the decade of 1970. The main conclusions are: the housing shortage is an old problem in São Paulo since the 1940s, with the arrival of many migrants the housing buildings in poor neighborhoods is common; from the 1970s housing problems were deepened, now on a new dynamic; housing policies are more beneficial to private groups involved in the execution, which in fact, those in need / Os objetivos desse trabalho são: compreender como a reprodução do capital modifica a paisagem na cidade de São Paulo produzindo segregação e, portanto, uma cidade desigual. E também analisar os problemas habitacionais decorrentes dessa dinâmica, a partir da década de 1970. As principais conclusões deste trabalho são: a carência habitacional é um problema antigo na cidade de São Paulo, desde a década de 1940, com a chegada de muitos migrantes, as construções de moradias em bairros precários é comum; a partir da década de 1970, os problemas habitacionais foram aprofundados, agora sobre uma nova dinâmica; as políticas habitacionais são muito mais benéficas aos grupos privados envolvidos na execução do que, de fato, àqueles que necessitam

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-04T16:57:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Moisés de Freitas Cunha.pdf: 3769994 bytes, checksum: 2d38933dd3bb654bc3b07f92e8e76f6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:57:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moisés de Freitas Cunha.pdf: 3769994 bytes, checksum: 2d38933dd3bb654bc3b07f92e8e76f6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to analyze issues as HOUSING and NEIGHBORHOOD5 in São Paulo, having as core concepts the presence of ethnic and symbolic (psychic income6, for instance) factors for the assessing of urban degradation. In other terms, how the presence of people considered “outsiders” (ELIAS & SCOTSON, 2000) can influence and impact the decisions of “established” ones as per the acquisition and/or maintenance of real estate, resulting in the (de)valuation of housing entrepreneurship. It also proposes the analysis of the attitudes towards “outsiders”, as per stigmas (“Culture of Poverty”) and ideologies of domination “...racial segregation as essential to the maintenance of racial supremacy...” (HARRIS, 2003), as those imposed after the second half of the XIX century, according to Norbert Elias, Erving Goffman and Oscar Lewis, respectively. It also aims to test the “Thomas Theorem”7 as a possible explaining axis for the understanding of sources of stigma and prejudice against people seen as “outsiders” in modern cities. Starting from a case study of a vertical condominium in the borough “Belém” in São Paulo city, interviews with dwellers were carried out to apprehend the meaning of the attitudes of alterity/urban degradation. This study also aims to better think and, if possible, propose corrective approaches, either collective or individual, almost under the terms of Habermas in “emancipatory fragments”, or even by means of Jean Paul Sartre approach, i.e.: “it doesn‟t matter what was done to me, what matters is what I do with what was done to me…” / Este trabalho propõe-se a analisar a questão da habitação e vizinhança2 em São Paulo, tendo como conceitos nucleares a presença de fatores étnicos, simbólicos (renda psíquica3, por exemplo) na avaliação da degradação urbana. Em outros termos, como a presença de pessoas consideradas “outsiders” (ELIAS e SCOTSON, 2000) pode influenciar e impactar decisões de “estabelecidos” quanto a aquisição e ou manutenção de propriedades imobiliárias, resultando na (des)valorização de empreendimentos habitacionais. Propõe também a análise das atitudes para com “outsiders”, quanto a estigmas (“Culture of Poverty”) e ideologias de dominação “... racial segregation as essential to the maintenance of racial supremacy...” (HARRIS, 2003) como aqueles impostos a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, nos termos de Norbert Elias, Erving Goffman e Oscar Lewis, respectivamente. Visa-se também testar o “Teorema de Thomas”4 como possível eixo explicativo na compreensão de fontes de estigma, do preconceito contra pessoas vistas como “outsiders” nas cidades atuais. A partir de um estudo de caso em um condomínio vertical do bairro do Belém em São Paulo foram realizadas entrevistas com moradores para apreender o significado das atitudes de alteridade/degradação urbanas. Visa-se também, com este estudo, melhor pensar e, se possível, propor abordagens corretivas, coletivas ou individuais, quase nos moldes de “fragmentos emancipatórios” de Habermas, ou ainda uma abordagem de Jean Paul Sartre que diz: “... não importa o que fizeram de mim, o que importa é o que eu faço com o que fizeram de mim...”

Vår studie handlar om unga mäns förtroende för polisen som tidigare har varit i kontakt med polisen och som är bosatta i ett segregerat område. Vi utgick ifrån fem stycken teman som vi kunde hämta från vårt resultat. Dessa fem teman använde vi som grund när vi analyserade vårt empiriska resultat med vår tidigare forskning och teori. Från tidigare forskning kunde vi urskilja att tidigare forskare hade kommit fram till att förtroendet för polisen i segregerade områden var lågt och att kriminalitet kan vara en faktor som påverkar förtroendet för polisen hos unga män. Både vår tidigare forskning och teori säger att uppväxten kan vara påverkande för hur förtroendet hos en person kommer att se ut, såväl för statliga myndigheter men även tilliten till andra människor. Vårt syfte var att få djupare förståelse för hur unga mäns tillit till polisen ser ut och hur uppväxten kan påverka förtroendet, samt om det bostadsområde som personerna bor i kan vara en faktor som påverkar tilliten. Vi valde att använda oss av en kvalitativ metod för att vi skulle kunna uppfylla de villkor som vi hade i vår studie. Vi ville att våra intervjupersoner skulle kunna återge en detaljerad berättelse om deras upplevelser för att vi skulle kunna få den djupare förståelsen som vi sökte efter i vår studie. Vi intervjuade sex stycken unga män som uppfyllde våra villkor. Från dessa intervjuer fick vi fram vårt empiriska resultat och våra fem teman. Utifrån vår teori, tidigare forskning och resultat diskuterade vi sedan att våra respondenter hade ett lågt förtroende för polisen baserat på egna erfarenheter och på vänners erfarenheter av polisen. Vi drog slutsatsen från vårt resultat att kriminaliteten är en påverkande faktor för förtroendet för polisen och även att uppväxten om personen växte upp i ett segregerat bostadsområde kan påverka förtroendet.

The purpose of this Master thesis is to increase the knowledge about how public libraries can contribute to fulfil political programmes aimed towards integration. To achieve this we have conducted an evaluative case study about a public library in Sweden and the activities they carried out within the framework of the metropolitan policy programme Storstadssatsningen”. The questions raised consider which the political aims for integration within this programme were, which activities the library did accomplish, what the result in comparison with the politically decided aims was, and what conclusions can possibly be drawn from this? The theoretical framework consists of theories regarding evaluation, political programmes, integration and segregation, and public library-activities. The methods used in the case study are qualitative interviews and document studies. Our evaluative approach is based on Vedung (1998). The result of our case study shows that the aims of the programme at most levels were indistinct and that the library didn't have any clear goals to reach. Hence it is impossible to show any fulfilment of goals. The library accomplished a multitude of activities, which the staff had decided about themselves. Several of the activities promoted multi culture rather than integration. The programme has been successful mainly on an individual level and this is also where the library has been able to influence. Furthermore it is obvious that the overall aim to prevent segregation is nearly impossible to achieve on a local segregated city district-level. / Uppsatsnivå: D

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The Central Jurisdiction is a structure within The Methodist Church organization which almost completely segregates the Negro Methodist from his white fellow-Methodist at the jurisdictional, annual conference, and local church levels of organization. During the past few years the church has begun to move toward the abolition of this racial jurisdiction. During this period, however, the leadership of the Central Jurisdiction has refused to implement various procedures available to transfer conferences and churches into geographic jurisdictions according to Amendment IX of the Constitution of The Methodist Church. In this situation the question has been raised as to the role that the Central Jurisdiction is playing and has played in the developnent of an inclusive Methodist Church. Particularly, the question has been asked whether the Central Jurisdiction and its leadership has become a conservative institution concerned with its own interests over and above the elimination of the symbol of segregation in The Methodist Church. The aim of the present stuey has been to study these questions. The procedure has been to study the history of the Negro in Methodism and of the development of the Central Jurisdiction. In order to discover the effects of the Central Jurisdiction as an institution upon communication between white and Negro ministers, and to discover any differences in attitudes concerning the Central Jurisdiction between leaders and non-leaders, a questionnaire was sent to a random sample of the ministerial menbers of the Central Jurisdiction. Of 193 items in the sample 191 were returned. other instruments were also sent to the presidents of the Woman's Society of Christian Service and the Lay Leaders of the seventeen Negro annual conferences in order to determine the extent of conmunicat ion among Methodist laymen. A stuey was then made of the Central Jurisdictional Conference actions directed toward the elimination of the Central Jurisdiction, using criteria for effective minority action as a critical tool. These criteria were: (1) an insistent, virtually unanimous protest to the majority group; (2) a legislative program supported by the Negro; (3) the development of interracial contacts and activities. The conclusions of the study indicate that there is very little communication between clergy and laymen of different races at the conference, district or local level. The national leadership of the Woman's Society of Christian Service has encouraged inter-racial contacts but the results, although encouraging, are only beginning to appear. No statistical difference appeared between the leaders and non-leaders of the Central Jurisdiction in their attitudes concerning the Central Jurisdiction which would indicate the leaderships 1 actions were dictated by self-interest. In fact, on same issues the leaders took positions more favorable to an inclusive church than the rank and file. The actions of the Central Jurisdiction were found to be consistent with the purpose or creating an inclusive church, defining this in terms much broader than the mere abolition of the Central Jurisdiction. It was found that this concern with the more fundamental question of how to develop an inclusive fellowship in which the Negro will be accepted as an equal in all sections of the church was the reason for the reluctance ef the leadership te utilize Alaendment IX. With the pressure of the secular world building up around the church fer the elimination of segregation the Central Jurisdiction found it strategic to emphasize the importance of formulating an over-all plan for the development of an inclusive church before the Central Jurisdiction was abolished. The effect of the Central Jurisdiction, therefore, as an institutional structure was found to retard the develepment of an inclusive church, while as a policy making body it has been a force working for the end of racism in The Methodist Church. / 2031-01-01

Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da análise dos impactos nas redes sociais gerados pela remoção dos moradores da favela Guinle, Guarulhos/SP para um conjunto habitacional da CDHU. Parte-se do conceito de pobreza como um fenômeno de múltiplas dimensões cumulativas que reforçam e reiteram situações de privação e que, portanto, não pode ser apreendido apenas através de indicadores econômicos. Outros elementos, tais como o acesso às políticas públicas, a segregação e a estrutura de relações sociais também devem ser considerados no estudo do fenômeno. A pobreza é entendida não só como ausência de ativos, mas também como dificuldade de acessar estruturas de oportunidades. É neste sentido que tanto a segregação residencial, ao criar empecilhos para que os indivíduos acessem tais estruturas, quanto as redes sociais, ao conectar os indivíduos a estruturas mais amplas, ganham relevância para o estudo do fenômeno da pobreza. Sob tal perspectiva e com o intuito de analisar o impacto da remoção sobre as redes sociais, a pesquisa de campo foi dividida em duas fases: a primeira na favela, e a segunda no conjunto habitacional, um ano após a remoção. Utilizou-se em ambas as fases um questionário semi-aberto e um instrumental de análise de redes. / This dissertation presents the analysis results of the impacts on social networks caused by the removal of the inhabitants from Guinles favela, city of Guarulhos/SP, to a CDHUs housing state. The poverty is a cumulative multiple dimensions phenomenon which reinforce and reiterate hardship situations and that, therefore, would not be understood merely by economics indicators. Other elements, such as the access to public policies, the social segregation and the social relationships structure also must be considered in the study of poverty. Poverty is not only understood as lack of actives, but also as the difficult of access to opportunities structures. Therein, the residential segregation which creates obstacles that difficult the individual access to the opportunities structures , and the social networks which connect the individuals with more extensive structures , become more relevant for the study of poverty phenomenon. Under this interpretation and with the purpose of analyze the impact caused by the residential removal on the social networks; the fieldwork took place on two phases: the first one on the Guinles favela and the second on the CDHUs housing state, with exactly one year between them. In both, it was applied proper questionnaire and instrumental to social networks analysis.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é de apresentar uma proposta de interpretação da urbanização moçambicana contemporânea, que se manifesta cada vez mais como dual na paisagem. De um lado, apresentando áreas urbanizadas, o núcleo de desenvolvimento vertical, planificada, com infraestruturas e serviços; por outro lado, a periferia, de desenvolvimento horizontal, na sua maioria não planificada, de construção precária e com escassas infraestruturas e serviços urbanos. Para tal, o estudo buscou identificar e caracterizar as diferentes etapas da formação socioespacial moçambicana. Recorreu à Geografia Histórica Urbana como ferramenta analítica para o tratamento do material empírico colhido a partir de diversas fontes. O trabalho é composto por dois eixos de análise: o período colonial e o pós-colonial. No período colonial, buscou-se compreender os fatores responsáveis pela urbanização moçambicana dos quais somos herdeiros. No segundo, procurou-se apreender a dinâmica urbana produzida no período pós-colonial. Ainda, neste eixo, buscou-se captar as continuidades e descontinuidades do processo, identificando alguns arranjos que se promovem ao longo do tempo e suas múltiplas determinações, que acentuam cada vez mais a segregação urbana entre o núcleo e a periferia, organizando não apenas a dualidade urbana, mas exprimindo novas formas de segregação urbana a gentrificação. / The objective of this study is to present a proposal for interpretation of contemporary mozambican urbanization, which manifests itself more and more as dual in the landscape. On the one hand, with urban areas, the center of vertical development, planned with infrastructure and services; on the other hand, the periphery of a horizontal development, mostly unplanned, poorly construction and with little urban infrastructure and services. To this end, the study sought to identify and characterize the different stages of formation the Mozambican sociospatial. Historical Geography Urban resorted to as an analytical tool for the treatment of empirical data collected from various sources. The work consists of two angles: the colonial and post-colonial. In the colonial period, we sought to understand the factors responsible for the Mozambican urbanization of which we are heirs. In the second, he tried to apprehend the urban dynamics produced in post-colonial period. Still, this axis, we sought to capture the continuities and discontinuities of the process by identifying some arrangements that promote over time and its multiple determinations that accentuate increasingly urban segregation between the center and the periphery, organizing not only the Urban duality, but expressing new forms of urban segregation - gentrification.

This dissertation is composed of three papers examining the predictors and consequences of increasing school segregation following widespread release from court ordered desegregation orders. Paper one investigates factors shaping districts’ choices to pursue release from desegregation orders. This serves to provide context for papers two and three, and to outline whether there are systematic differences between school districts that were released from orders and those that were not. Paper two tests whether release from court ordered desegregation orders coincided with racially disparate changes in elementary and middle school test scores. Paper three presents an analysis of how property taxes – an indicator of housing values - responded to release from desegregation orders.

This thesis traces the contours of the Black-White color line in modern America by illuminating how Whites' racialized political behavior varies across local geographic contexts. In a critical reinterpretation of the racial threat hypothesis, I argue that local geography conditions the relationship between Whites' racial orientations and their preferences on policies related to race - but not because Whites are passively threatened in proximity to a Black population. Rather, Whites are active, subjective perceivers of their surroundings who have an interest in maintaining their racial privilege. This conceptual shift not only challenges the assumed neutrality of Whites' vision; it also enables me to identify the range of contextual indicators that Whites might construe as threatening, and the range of White attitudes that are activated as a result. My empirical evidence comes from three case studies. The first two use geocoded survey data to analyze White opinion on welfare spending in 2000, and on affirmative action between 2006 and 2010. The third study draws on in-depth interviews conducted in 2016, exploring an issue related to school desegregation in Louisiana. Each study affirms the core findings of the thesis: Whites' policy preferences are polarized according to racial orientations in settings where race is salient; and a shared White perspective is evident even across polarized attitudes. My findings offer hope, showing that a sign of threat to some Whites may activate racially tolerant behavior in others; as well as reason to restrain our optimism, challenging the assumption that affluent Blacks, unlike the 'undeserving' Black poor, will not be perceived as threatening by Whites. Ultimately, only by recognizing the color line's responsiveness to local geography - and its resilience even as White attitudes liberalize and Black class positions improve - can we understand the line's persistence or the possibility of one day dismantling it.

Este trabalho está centrado na análise dos fenômenos socioespaciais que envolvem a criminalidade violenta no meio urbano. Busca-se investigar a relação entre o aumento da violência letal e os elevados índices de desigualdade social nos últimos 30 anos. O trabalho trata respectivamente das causas da violência urbana, das relações do crime e da violência com o espaço, além da participação dos jovens nas ações violentas e no trabalho do tráfico de drogas como fator decisivo na elevação das taxas de letalidade juvenil. Selecionamos o bairro Santa Tereza, por tratar-se de uma região conflituosa no município de Porto Alegre - RS, como objeto de estudo de caso, visto que concentra características de uma sociabilidade violenta. Investigamos as relações de pertencimento nas comunidades e o medo dos lugares em virtude do aumento da criminalidade nos centros urbanos. Da mesma forma, consideramos as causas do aumento da violência como sendo um dos fatores de repulsão dos espaços de uso comum e promotor de novas territorialidades a partir do esgarçamento do tecido sócio espacial. / This work focuses on the analysis of socio-spatial phenomena involving violent crime in urban areas. The aim is to investigate the relationship between the increase in lethal violence to high levels of social inequality in the last 30 years. The work deals respectively of the causes of urban violence, crime and violence relations with the space on the participation of young people in violent actions and the work of drug trafficking as a decisive factor in the rise of juvenile mortality rates. We selected Santa Tereza district, because it is a conflictive region in the city of Porto Alegre - RS, as a case study object as it focuses characteristics of a violent sociability. We investigated the relationships of belonging in communities and the fear of places due to the increase of crime in urban centers. Similarly we consider the causes of increasing violence as one of repulsion factors of spaces for common use and promoter of new territoriality from the fraying of the socio-spatial fabric.