Problemställning: eHälsa är nutiden och framförallt framtiden inom hälso- och sjukvård och anses kunna stärka delaktighet och medbestämmande för patienten. Den nya tidens patienter kräver ökad insyn, delaktighet och självbestämmande.                                   Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa eHälsa med fokus på patient empowerment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Metod: Litteraturstudie med 14 vetenskapliga artiklar som utifrån en induktiv ansats har granskats, analyserats och jämförts.                                                                                                                                                                    Resultat och konklusion: Resultatet visar att eHälsa ökar tillgängligheten för hälsoinformation samt hälso- och sjukvård i hemmet. eHälsa kan och bör användas som ett komplement i vården för att stärka patient empowerment, detta under förutsättning att patienten har förmåga att hantera och förstå informations- och kommunikationsverktygen, samt att ett samarbete finns med hälso- och sjukvården.                                                                                                                Implikation: Vidare forskning som berör hur sjuksköterskan kan implementera eHälsa i omvårdnadsarbetet behövs. eHälsa som begrepp bör även belysas tillsammans med övriga riktlinjer som berör informations- och kommunikationsteknologi i Kompetensbeskrivning för legitimerad sjuksköterska. Patientutbildning i eHälsa och dess tjänster bör ingå i den praktiska vårdverksamheten för att optimera egenvård och därmed bidra till att patienten erhåller empowerment. Det är även av stor vikt att sjuksköterskestuderande redan under utbildning får kunskap om eHälsa och eHälsotjänster. / Problem: eHealth is the present and, in particular, the futures of health care. It is considered to be able to strengthen the involvement and participation of the patient. The modern patient demand increased transparency, participation and autonomy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Aim: The aim of this study was to highlight eHealth, focusing on patient empowerment.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Method: A literature study with 14 scientific articles, that have been reviewed, analyzed and compared with an inductive approach.                                                                                                                                                              Results and conclusions: The results show that eHealth increases the availability of health information and health care at home. eHealth can and should be used as a supplement in health care to enhance patient empowerment, provided that the patient has the ability to manage and understand information and communication tools, and that collaboration exists with the health care provider.                                                                                                                                 Implication: Further research on how nurses can implement eHealth within the nursing practice is needed. eHealth as a concept should also be highlighted along with other guidelines related to information and communication technology in the Description of Competence for Registered Nurses. Patient education in eHealth and its services should be included in the health care practice to optimize self care for patients, so that they thereby could receive empowerment. It is also of great importance that the student nurse, already during education, gains knowledge of eHealth and eHealth services.

Syfte: Syftet har varit att beskriva hur patienter uppfattar begreppet egenvård samt deras uppfattningar gällande information om egenvård. Metod: Empirisk studie med kvalitativ design. Strategiskt urval av åtta patienter som genomgått stamcellstransplantation. Datainsamling skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat: Patienter uppfattar att egenvård är att ta hand om sig så att den egna fysiska samt psykiska hälsan främjas, utan inblandning av sjukvården. De flesta patienter uppfattade att informationen om egenvård hade varit tillfredsställande. Dock förekom svårigheter med att koppla ihop begreppet egenvård med den information som givits om egenvårdande åtgärder. Ett fåtal av informanterna ansåg att informationen om egenvård hade varit av bristande kvalitet. Informanter upplevde svårigheter med att tillgodogöra sig informationen om egenvård. Kontinuerlig och upprepad information upplevdes som positivt. Personalens tillgänglighet samt möjlighet att ta sig tid värderades högt. Majoriteten av de intervjuade saknade ingen information om egenvård men däremot en förklaring av vad själva begreppet egenvård betyder. Slutsats: På hematologkliniken används inte begreppet egenvård när information om egenvård ges till patienter. Därmed finns det ett behov av att definiera och tydliggöra vad begreppet egenvård innebär. Patienter värderar personalens tillgänglighet samt förmåga att ge individanpassad och upprepad information högt, eftersom det ökar förmågan att tillgodogöra sig informationen om egenvård. / Aim: The aim was to describe how patients perceive the concept of self-care and their perceptions concerning self-care information.   Method: Empirical study of qualitative design. Eight patients undergoing stem cell transplantation was strategically selected.  Semi-structured interviews were used. Results: Patients perceive that self-care is to take care of oneself in order to promote physical and mental health, without involvement of health care. Most patients felt that the need of self-care information had been content. Patients had difficulties in linking the concept of self-care with the information that had been given about self-care interventions. A few informants felt that the self-care information had been unsatisfactory. Informants experienced difficulties in assimilating the information. Continuous and repeated information was appreciated. The staff´s availability and  willingness to take time for the patient were valued highly. The majority of the interviewees did not lack any self-care information but were in need of an explanation of what the concept of self-care means. Conclusion: The term self-care is not used when information about self-care is given. The concept of self-care needs to be defined. Staff availability and the ability to provide personalized and repeated information is appreciated, because it increases the ability to assimilate information about self-care.

Bakgrund: Antalet personer med diabetes i världen ökar ständigt. Dåliga levnadsvanor ökar risken för diabeteskomplikationer. Vården har ett ansvar att stärka patientens motivation och förmåga till egenvård.  Syfte: Undersöka effekten av MI som behandlingsmetod för att hjälpa diabetespatienter till förbättrad egenvård.    Metod: Litteraturstudie. Artikelsökningar gjordes i de medicinska databaserna Pubmed, Cinahl och Scopus. I studien inkluderades 10 originalartiklar varav fem var av medelkvalitet och fem av hög kvalitet. Dessa delades in i två grupper vilka var effekt på HbA1c och blodfetter samt effekt på egenvård.    Resultat: Utifrån inkluderade studier kunde ingen signifikant effekt påvisas i HbA1c och blodfetter eller gällande kost, fysisk aktivitet eller medicinsk följsamhet. Däremot sågs positiv effekt vid mätningar av upplevd kompetens, kunskap och egenkontroll. En studie visade positiv effekt på HbA1c av MI i kombination med KBT.  De effekter som kunde påvisas avtog kort tid efter behandlingssessionerna upphört. Studiernas utformning och mätmetoder ifrågasattes.    Slutsats: I nuläget finns få studier inom området därför är det för tidigt att rekommendera MI som metod inom diabetesvården. Mer forskning behövs om MI med tydligare fokus på personalens relation med patienten och personalens MI-färdigheter om man syftar till att mäta effekten av MI-samtalet. / Background: The number of people with diabetes in the world is constantly increasing. Bad food habits increase the risk of diabetes complications. Healthcare has a responsibility to enhance the patient's motivation and ability for self-care. Objective: Investigate the impact of MI as a treatment to help patients with diabetes to better self-care. Method: Literature review. The search for articles were made in the medical databases Pubmed , Cinahl and Scopus. The study included 10 original articles of which five were medium and five high quality. These were divided into two groups, effect on HbA1c and blood lipids and effect on self-care. Results: Based on the included studies, no significant effect is demonstrated in HbA1c and blood lipids or current diet, physical activity or medical adherence. There was however a positive effect in measurements of perceived competence, knowledge and self-control. One study demonstrates a positive effect on HbA1c of MI in combination with CBT. The effects found subsided shortly after the treatment sessions ended. Study design and measurement methods were questioned. Conclusion: Few studies exist in the field, therefore, it is too early to yet recommend the MI-method in diabetes care. More research is needed on MI with a clearer focus on the interviewers relationship with the patient and the MI skills of the interviewers if one aims to measure the effect of the MI-sessions.

The focus of this study was the exploration of belly dance as a form of female self care. The specific facet of self care explored was female health and well being as impacted on by belly dance. There is a limited amount of existing scholarly studies t hat focus on the value of belly dance in self care. Therefore this study followed a qualitative format which promoted exploration of th is under researched field. This study occurred in a context where women’s lives are busier than ever before as a result of their involvement in both the home and the workplace. Thus there is a need for them to engage in self care activities that effectively restore and replenish body, mind and soul in order to enable them to continue to meet their multiple responsibilities in a functional manner. Facets of self care explored were psychical, mental and social health and well being as impacted on by belly dancing. To achieve this, data collection tools of focus groups and interviews, following a semi-structured format were used. The results showed that belly dance plays a significant and positive role, not only in female self care but in enjoyment as well. Some specific aspects of belly dance found to be useful to female self ca re was its liberating use of the female form, its non-discriminatory aspect that unites all women in enjoyment of the dance, the absence of men, the supportive presence of women, the music, the feminine aspects, a secure environment and the opportunity that belly dance presents for women to pl ay a different role. Conclusions point to women viewing society as androcentric and providing little opportunity for feminine expression. A major conclusion is that women are non-verbally strong, relational beings who are predisposed to the language of dance and music. They are effectively revitalised by dance and music as presented by belly dance. This has implications for social work service delivery to women on multiple levels. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

Diabetes mellitus is a significant problem in the United States with the burden being greater in the African American population. Because diabetes is complex and costly, the importance of self-care management changes the disease management paradigm from “provider-centered” to patient-centered”. Empowerment is a possible solution for barriers to better diabetes management. Patient empowerment is helping patients discover and develop the inherent capacity to be responsible for their own life. Although patient empowerment is a valuable philosophy, there are gaps between the philosophy and actual practice. There are limited studies addressing the effectiveness of patient empowerment at improving diabetes management. Therefore, this study examined the association of patient empowerment and diabetes management by gender, age, socioeconomic status and education level by using the data from the Patient Empowerment to Improve Diabetes Care intervention conducted in the Diabetes Clinic of the Grady Health System (GHS). In this study, diabetes management was measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level which shows the average blood glucose level over the past two to three months. Patient empowerment was measured by two standardized tools which were the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form and Patient Activation Measure. In this study, patient empowerment scores measured by these tools were not associated with HbA1c level in African American diabetes patients of the Diabetes Clinic of the GHS. Further study is necessary to understand the association between patient empowerment and diabetes disease management by using different measures of patient empowerment, different levels of disease management, and measurement in different settings.

Širdies nepakankamumas (ŠN) turi įtakos paciento fizinei ir psichologinei savijautai, kasdieninei veiklai ir socialiniam funkcionavimui. Kai ŠN progresuoja, pacientas turi prisitaikyti prie atsiradusių sveikatos pokyčių. Labai svarbu pacientus mokyti, nes žinių apie ŠN sustiprėjimas palengvina prisitaikymą prie atsiradusių pokyčių dėl ligos ir turi reikšmės savirūpai. Tikslas: Įvertinti sergančiųjų širdies funkcijos sutrikimais pacientų žinias apie širdies nepakankamumą ir savirūpą Tyrimo metodika. Tyrime dalyvavo 70 pacientų, kurie buvo mokomi pagal parengtą mokymo programą ir apklausti naudojant standartizuotus klausimynus „Olandų klausimyną vertinantį paciento žinias apie širdies nepakankamumą“ ir „Europos širdies nepakankamumo savirūpos vertinimo klausimyną“ prieš ir po mokymo ligoninėje bei praėjus 1 mėn. po mokymo. Rezultatai. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad 83,2 proc. (54) pacientų žinios prieš mokymą buvo nepakankamos, 13,9 proc. (9) pacientų žinios – vidutinės ir tik 3,1 proc. (2) pacientų – pakankamos. Įvertinus sergančiųjų ŠN žinias užbaigus gydymą ligoninėje nustatytos nepakankamos žinios - 13,8 proc. (9) pacientų, vidutinės žinios - 75,4 proc. (49) pacientų, o pakankamos žinios – 10,7 proc. (7) pacientų. Nustatyta, kad po mokymo praėjus 1 mėnesiui daugiau nei pusės 53,1 proc. (41) pacientų žinios buvo vidutinės, o 35,3 proc. (23) pacientų – nepakankamos ir tik 1,5 proc. (1) pacientų – pakankamos žinios. Kas tai yra ŠN, prieš mokymą žinojo 70,8 proc. pacientų, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Heart failure (HF) affects the physical and psychological well-being of the patient, his daily activities and social functions. The patient must adapt to his health changes when HF is in progress. It is very important to teach patients since the higher level of knowledge on HF facilitates the better adaptation to the changes resulting from the illness, and are significant for the self-care behaviour. Aim of the study: to evaluate the knowledge of the patients about the HF syndrome and about self-care behaviour. Methods. 70 patients were participating in the research, they were trained according to the prepared educational program, and surveyed by using the standardized questionnaires: the ”Dutch heart failure knowledge scale” and “The European heart failure self-care behaviour scale”, before and after the patients education in a hospital, and in one month after the training. Results. It has been found that 83.2 percent (54) patients had insufficient knowledge, 13.9 percent (9) of patients had the average level, and only 3.1 percent (2) patients had sufficient knowledge before the training. After the patients education on HF in the hospital, the insufficient level of knowledge was identified for 15.8 percent (9) of patients, average level of knowledge was estimated for seven to 5.4 percent (49) of patients, and sufficient knowledge for 10.7 percent (7) of patients. Following one month after the training, more than half of patients - 53.1 percent (41) had the average knowledge... [to full text]

Self-care is the key to living a long and healthy life for people with diabetes. Yet numerous studies show that self-care is far from optimal. This has resulted in attempts to understand the progress underlying self-care behavior in the efforts of mediating more effectively. While there are an abundance of studies focusing on African-American women and diabetes management, there is a considerable gap in health education literature regarding the self-care management experiences of African-American men living with type 2 diabetes. The management and impact of type 2 diabetes on the sense of self, lifestyle, and significant others of the African-American man are not clearly comprehended. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to explore the knowledge, beliefs, and self-care management practices of African American men living with type 2 diabetes. This was an exploratory study utilizing qualitative methodology to understand the knowledge, beliefs, and existing self-care management practices of up to 50 African-American men, ages 18-70, living with type 2 diabetes. Participants had one-on-one semi structured interviews with the primary investigator. The instruments that were used consisted of two parts: one was a self-administered paper/pencil questionnaire to collect socio-demographic information. The second was a semi-structured interview. The study significance was to identify and understand the barriers to type 2 diabetes management and how they had an adverse influence on self-care. A combination of high barriers, poor daily self-care, management, and knowledge possibly put those with type 2 diabetes at an elevated risk for subordinate self-care management. Barriers had a role in reality and diabetes researchers and educators are charged with recognizing the complications of what individuals with type 2 diabetes need to do improve and enhance their health. The study findings revealed that the participants labored with managing their diabetes and some counted on their own potential or performance, as well as the encouragement of their family, extended family, neighbors, and friends. Also, many of the participants had a unified theme in that regarding self-care management, having type 2 diabetes affected those in their surrounding environment, not just the person living with the illness. In conclusion, the study findings suggest that future diabetes research and education among African-American men should give attention to male masculinity and the powerful influence it has on utilizing preventive health services. The limited amount of African-American men included in empirical type 2 diabetes research could help explain the under addressed barriers and complexities to positive self-care management.

No description available.

While much is known about the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on women in adulthood, little is currently known about their self-care efforts. Given the paucity of research on self-care for survivors, particularly those who are also mothers, and the potential importance of self-care for both themselves and their children, the main goal of the present study was to explore these women’s perceptions and practices of self-care. A grounded theory approach was chosen for this exploration as it provided a sensitive and open-ended methodology which garnered an in-depth understanding of self-care for survivor mothers. The current study combined classic grounded theory (GT) research methods with photovoice methods to explore self-care from the perspective of CSA survivor mothers. Analyses of interview and photograph data from 14 survivor mothers resulted in an original basic social process for understanding how these women care for themselves, feel better, and engage in healing in the context of past violence and trauma. Complex interactive behavioural patterns were identified that recreated a whole self out of damaged fragments; these were conceptualized as “reconstituting a damaged self”. This basic social process was comprised of three main stages, including: emotional de-paining, safetying, and authenticating and returning to self. Several substages within each of these main stages were also identified. Findings were discussed in relation to four theoretical frameworks. Future research directions and clinical implications for this neglected population were suggested. Reconstituting a damaged self can be a long process for sexual abuse survivor mothers involving taking small safe steps, for the most part, on one’s own.

This study focuses on how diabetic patients manage to handle their disease,what has facilitated and what has impaired that process. The approach was to use a qualitative method as to enable the researcher to fathom the patients' point of view and to highlight their own experiences.Thus, the study is observational, describing processes, and does not aspire to give verification of the processes described. The study is based on interviews with 48 insulin dependent diabetic patients including newly diagnosed patients, patients who were regarded as well adapted with long duration of the disease but with no complications, and patients who had developed vascular complications. They were chosen in that way as to give a broad range of experiences representing different faces of the illness. It was found that the self-management of diabetes is an intricate matter, embodying categories that could be expressed as; Walking a fine line, Managing oneself physically, Managing oneself emotionally, Mastering life, Evading the problem of managing and Managing the health care system. Walking a fine line elucidates much of the behavioural variation in the data. It captures the patient's need to balance his emotional and physiological state, as well as his interactions with the health care system. Patients who manage the balancing act may enjoy good health but they are walking a fine line between maintaining this state and falling below par. It seemed that the ideal situation of interaction between the health care system and the patient was not applied in the context of the diabetic patients' everyday life. Patients had to invest considerable effort to cope, not just with their own condition, which is complex enough, but with the system officially charged to help them. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1990, härtill 5 uppsatser.</p> / digitalisering@umu