Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-02T13:09:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Armenio Lannes Xavier Neto.pdf: 3326785 bytes, checksum: 01f2cd95a0b4753a310118f56f736d69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T13:09:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Armenio Lannes Xavier Neto.pdf: 3326785 bytes, checksum: 01f2cd95a0b4753a310118f56f736d69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main objective of this thesis is to study through Instrumental Genesis of a real variable function with several sentences cognitive development process of a group of students from the 2nd and 3rd year of high school. The theoretical framework used in the study was the Theory of Instrumentation from the perspective of Pierre Rabardel and the Theory of Semiotics Representation Registers of Raymond Duval. The research question of the dissertation was: "How is the Genesis Instrumental of a real variable function with several sentences in the second students and third years of high school, during a sequence of activities?" The methodology used in the study were the assumptions the didactic engineering Artigue. The conclusions of the study indicated that the Genesis Instrumental can be a suitable tool to study the cognitive development process of a real variable function with several sentences / O objetivo principal dessa dissertação é estudar por meio da Gênese Instrumental da função de uma variável real com várias sentenças o processo de desenvolvimento cognitivo de um grupo de alunos do 2o e 3o ano do ensino médio. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados no trabalho foram a Teoria da Instrumentação sob a ótica de Pierre Rabardel e a Teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica, de Raymond Duval. A pergunta investigativa da dissertação foi: “De que maneira ocorre a Gênese Instrumental da função de uma variável real com várias sentenças em alunos do 2o e 3o anos do ensino médio, durante uma sequência de atividades?” A metodologia utilizada no trabalho foram os pressupostos da engenharia didática de Artigue. As conclusões do trabalho indicaram que a Gênese Instrumental pode ser uma ferramenta adequada para estudar o processo de desenvolvimento cognitivo da função de uma variável real com várias sentenças

La tesi affronta il tema della responsabilità dei membri del consiglio di amministrazione di s.p.a verso la società per gli inadempimenti dei doveri gestori insiti negli atti o nelle omissioni collegiali. L'accertamento dei presupposti della responsabilità degli amministratori deve avvenire su base individuale con conseguente possibilità di imputazione del danno da risarcire ad alcuni consiglieri e non ad altri, che pure abbiano compartecipato al medesimo inadempimento: il singolo amministratore può infatti essere esonerato da responsabilità mediante la prova della personale immunità da colpa (dimostrando di essere stato diligente alla luce della natura del suo incarico e delle sue specifiche competenze) anche a prescindere dalla manifestazione formale del dissenso ex art. 2392 cc., ult. comma. La solidarietà rappresenta la regola di attuazione dell'obbligazione risarcitoria tra gli amministratori ritenuti corresponsabili in relazione al medesimo fatto dannoso. È possibile tuttavia pervenire ad una graduazione della condanna risarcitoria in virtù dell'eventuale connotazione dolosa dell'inadempimento di un singolo consigliere e dell'applicazione del regime risarcitorio differenziato di cui all'art. 1307 c.c.. La società può inoltre rinunziare alla solidarietà anche ex ante con adozione in via statutaria di un regime di responsabilità parziaria per tutti o alcuni degli amministratori, purchè nei soli rapporti tra società e amministratori e nei limiti di cui all'art. 1229 cc. / This thesis provides an analysis of the pertinent aspects of the liability of corporate directors for breach of their fiduciary duties in case of collegial functioning of an Italian s.p.a.'s board of directors. The liability of the directors must be determined on an individual basis and whether they are exculpated from liability for a breach of their duties can vary for each director based on his specialized skills and on the role he plays in the board (independent director, president, member of a committee), regardless of the entering of the dissent from the board's action into the corporate records. The liability is joint and several where two or more directors jointly participate in the same breach of a fiduciary duty with a right of contribution inter se. The corporation ( S.P.A. ) may waive to the protection secured by the joint and several liability rule either (i) by opting for a proportional liability regime with respect to the directors' liability vis-a-vis the corporation and except for the cases of directors' fraud or gross negligence or (ii) by entering into partial settlements with one director (or more directors) for the portion of the damage attributable to his (or their) personal fault.

Since the time of Cauchy, integration theory has in the main been an attempt to regain the Eden of Newton. In that idyllic time [. . . ] derivatives and integrals were [. . . ] different aspects of the same thing. -Peter Bullen, as quoted in [24] The theory of integration has gone through many changes in the past centuries and, in particular, there has been a tension between the Riemann and the Lebesgue approach to integration. Riemann's definition is often the first integral to be introduced in undergraduate studies, while Lebesgue's integral is more powerful but also more complicated and its methods are often postponed until graduate or advanced undergraduate studies. The integral presented in this paper is due to the work of Ralph Henstock and Jaroslav Kurzweil. By a simple exchange of the criterion for integrability in Riemann's definition a powerful integral with many properties of the Lebesgue integral was found. Further, the generalized Riemann integral expands the class of integrable functions with respect to Lebesgue integrals, while there is a characterization of the Lebesgue integral in terms of absolute integrability. As this definition expands the class of functions beyond absolutely integrable functions, some theorems become more cumbersome to prove in contrast to elegant results in Lebesgue's theory and some important properties in composition are lost. Further, it is not as easily abstracted as the Lebesgue integral. Therefore, the generalized Riemann integral should be thought of as a complement to Lebesgue's definition and not as a replacement. / Ända sedan Cauchys tid har integrationsteori i huvudsak varit ett försök att åter finna Newtons Eden. Under den idylliska perioden [. . . ] var derivator och integraler [. . . ] olika sidor av samma mynt.-Peter Bullen, citerad i [24] Under de senaste århundradena har integrationsteori genomgått många förändringar och framförallt har det funnits en spänning mellan Riemanns och Lebesgues respektive angreppssätt till integration. Riemanns definition är ofta den första integral som möter en student pa grundutbildningen, medan Lebesgues integral är kraftfullare. Eftersom Lebesgues definition är mer komplicerad introduceras den först i forskarutbildnings- eller avancerade grundutbildningskurser. Integralen som framställs i det här examensarbetet utvecklades av Ralph Henstock och Jaroslav Kurzweil. Genom att på ett enkelt sätt ändra kriteriet for integrerbarhet i Riemanns definition finner vi en kraftfull integral med många av Lebesgueintegralens egenskaper. Vidare utvidgar den generaliserade Riemannintegralen klassen av integrerbara funktioner i jämförelse med Lebesgueintegralen, medan vi samtidigt erhåller en karaktärisering av Lebesgueintegralen i termer av absolutintegrerbarhet. Eftersom klassen av generaliserat Riemannintegrerbara funktioner är större än de absolutintegrerbara funktionerna blir vissa satser mer omständiga att bevisa i jämforelse med eleganta resultat i Lebesgues teori. Därtill förloras vissa viktiga egenskaper vid sammansättning av funktioner och även möjligheten till abstraktion försvåras. Integralen ska alltså ses som ett komplement till Lebesgues definition och inte en ersättning.

結構型商品興起的時空背景，最主要的因素為股市陷於空頭市場。當景氣復甦緩慢，利率維持低檔，而閒置資金浮濫之際，投資人亟需資金運用之出口，而新金融商品因為其產品特性，遂取代傳統的投資模式，成為投資人趨之所騖的投資工具。結構型商品的吸引力存在於其契約的彈性，經由財務工程的專業設計能力，可針對市場行情與投資人屬性量身訂作契約。 　　本文針對在目前在國內較少見的兩種結構型商品評價與分析：其一為信用連動債券，利用Hull&White利率三元樹並加上信用價差所隱含的違約機率的概念來作為此商品評價的方法。其二為股權連結式目標贖回保本債券，此商品隱含了極小值選擇權及目標贖回選擇權，為一路徑相依的選擇擇權。本文利用多資產蒙地卡羅模擬法來評價此商品。最後對這兩種商品進行敏感度分析，並提出這些商品的優缺點。

La première partie présente des calculs explicites de terminaison effective de l'algorithme de Kohn proposée par Siu. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions la géométrie des hypersurfaces réelles dans Cⁿ, et nous calculons des invariants explicites avec la méthode d'équivalences de Cartan pour déterminer les lieux CR-ombilics. / The first part of the thesis consists of calculations around Siu's effective termination of Kohn's algorithm. The second part of the thesis studies the CR real hypersurfaces in complex spaces and calculates various explicit invariants using Cartan's equivalence method to study CR-umbilical points.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The objective of this thesis is to compare automated methods for performing analysis of flow cytometry data. Flow cytometry is an important and efficient tool for analyzing the characteristics of cells. It is used in several fields, including immunology, pathology, marine biology, and molecular biology. Flow cytometry measures light scatter from cells and fluorescent emission from dyes which are attached to cells. There are two main tasks that must be performed. The first is the adjustment of measured fluorescence from the cells to correct for the overlap of the spectra of the fluorescent markers used to characterize a cell’s chemical characteristics. The second is to use the amount of markers present in each cell to identify its phenotype. Several methods are compared to perform these tasks. The Unconstrained Least Squares, Orthogonal Subspace Projection, Fully Constrained Least Squares and Fully Constrained One Norm methods are used to perform compensation and compared. The fully constrained least squares method of compensation gives the overall best results in terms of accuracy and running time. Spectral Clustering, Gaussian Mixture Modeling, Naive Bayes classification, Support Vector Machine and Expectation Maximization using a gaussian mixture model are used to classify cells based on the amounts of dyes present in each cell. The generative models created by the Naive Bayes and Gaussian mixture modeling methods performed classification of cells most accurately. These supervised methods may be the most useful when online classification is necessary, such as in cell sorting applications of flow cytometers. Unsupervised methods may be used to completely replace manual analysis when no training data is given. Expectation Maximization combined with a cluster merging post-processing step gives the best results of the unsupervised methods considered.

The master's work consists of 88 sheets, 78 bibliographic sources are used. The relevance of the research topic of the master's work is due to the fact that recently the use of commercial concession in modern entrepreneurial activity has become more widespread, since the use of a well-known brand, trademark, as well as the application of the developed technologies for the production of certain products, allows one to acquire a number of advantages, as for the copyright holder , and for the user and, of course, for the final consumer of the goods. The purpose of the work is to study the features of a commercial concession agreement as a sales management tool. Tasks: To study the concept of a commercial concession agreement and the sources of civil law that govern it; Consider the legal characteristics of a commercial concession agreement; To analyze the economic essence of a commercial concession; To analyze the global picture of commercial concession; To analyze the features of the ratio of the contract of commercial concession with related contracts; Summary of case law on commercial concession cases; Identify the problems of legal regulation of the contract of commercial concession, and offer them optimal solutions; Give the organizational and economic characteristics of LLC “Magnitiv”; To analyze the legal work in LLC “Magnitiv”; Implement a commercial concession in LLC Magnitiv. The methodological tools of the study consisted of general scientific and private legal methods of cognition, such as synthesis, analysis, abstraction, historical, formal logical, statistical, concrete sociological, structural and functional, and others. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the conclusions and provisions formulated in it develop and supplement the notions that have developed in science about commercial activity as a subject of legal regulation and can be useful for further research in the field of commercial concession. The main ideas and conclusions of the study can be useful and used to implement a commercial concession at Magnitiv LLC, as well as to improve the activities of the organization as a whole. The information and empirical basis of the study, providing the reliability, reliability, accuracy of conclusions and assumptions, was served by the methods of studying and analyzing literary sources, the information set forth in monographs and scientific articles, regulatory acts of Russian legislation, the charter and local documents of the enterprise. / Магистерская работа состоит из 88 листа, использовано 78 библиографических источников. Актуальность темы исследования магистерской работы обусловлена тем, что в последнее время все большее распространение получает использование коммерческой концессии в современной предпринимательской деятельности, поскольку использование известной торговой марки, торгового знака, а также применение разработанных технологий производства определенной продукции, позволяет приобрести ряд преимуществ, как для правообладателя, так и для пользователя и, безусловно, для конечного потребителя товара. Цель работы – изучить особенности договора коммерческой концессии как средство управления продажами. Задачи: Изучить понятие договора коммерческой концессии и источники гражданского права, которые его регулируют; Рассмотреть правовую характеристику договора коммерческой концессии; Разобрать экономическую сущность коммерческой концессии; Проанализировать мировую картину коммерческой концессии; Проанализировать особенности соотношения договора коммерческой концессии со смежными договорами; Обобщение судебной практики по делам коммерческой концессии; Выявить проблемы правового регулирования договора коммерческой концессии, и предложить для них оптимальные пути решения; Дать организационно-экономическую характеристику ООО «Магнитив»; Провести анализ договорно-правовой работы в ООО «Магнитив»; Реализовать коммерческую концессию в ООО «Магнитив». Методологический инструментарий исследования составили общенаучные и частноправовые методы познания, такие, как синтез, анализ, абстрагирование, исторический, формально-логический, статистический, конкретно-социологический, структурно-функциональный и другие. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в том, что сформулированные в ней выводы и положения развивают и дополняют сложившиеся в науке представления о коммерческой деятельности как предмете правового регулирования и могут быть полезны для дальнейших исследований в области коммерческой концессии. Основные идеи и выводы исследования могут быть полезны и использованы для реализации коммерческой концессии в ООО «Магнитив», а также в совершенствовании деятельности организации в целом. Информационно-эмпирической базой исследования, обеспечивающей достоверность, надежность, точность выводов и предположений, послужили методы изучения и анализа литературных источников, информация, изложенная в монографиях и научных статьях, нормативные акты российского законодательства, устав и локальные документы предприятия.

<p dir="ltr">We present first order asymptotic estimates for the divisor function problem, the set of lists (restricted number of divisors) problem, and a generalization of the overpartition problem. In particular, we prove Kotesovec's conjecture for A294363 from the OEIS and also extend his conjecture to a full asymptotic treatment by providing an estimate in terms of elementary functions for the EGF coefficients directly rather than the log of the coefficients. We also provide asymptotic estimates for generalizations of the set of lists and overpartition problem, while making comparisons to any existing Kotesovec conjectures. We perform the asymptotic analysis via Mellin transforms, residue analysis, and the saddle point method. These families of generating functions have potential application to families of randomly generated partitions in which ordered subsets of a partition that exceed a certain fixed size may be one of two different objects and to overpartitions with potential heading labels.</p>

Le lien de causalité est une condition centrale du droit de la responsabilité administrative. Entre la faute et le préjudice, l’examen du lien de causalité est un impératif de justice et une inévitable exigence intellectuelle. Il permet de donner un ordre à la fois rationnel et juste aux faits. Réputé impénétrable, suspect d’arbitraire, acculé à un prétendu déclin par le développement de la logique assurantielle, le lien de causalité n’a pas fait l’objet d’une étude d’ensemble en droit public. L’analyse de la notion de lien de causalité permet pourtant de tromper cette image. Elle révèle, d’abord, qu’il faut distinguer le problème -métaphysique- de la causalité, de la question -pragmatique- de l’explication causale. La nature des problèmes posés par ces deux questions est différente ; celle qui se pose au juge est modeste : donner une explication rationnelle aux faits, sans quête de la vérité. Elle permet, ensuite, d’observer que le lien de causalité, s’il ne relève pas d’un constat objectif des faits, n’est toutefois pas empreint d’une subjectivité singulière par rapport à d’autres notions indéterminées en droit. L’étude de la pratique du lien de causalité en atteste. Le juge administratif a une approche ordonnée du lien de causalité fondée sur un équilibre entre attachement à la matérialité des faits et finalité de l’explication causale. Dans l’identification d’une cause, la hiérarchisation d’une pluralité de causes ou la circonscription du dommage, la jurisprudence administrative se caractérise par cette liberté, fidèle à l’arrêt Blanco, dans la détermination d’une politique jurisprudentielle, que le lien de causalité permet, parfois, mais suit seulement, le plus souvent. / Causal relationship is a central term in the law of administrative responsibility. Between fault and prejudice, the examination of causal relationship is an essential element of justice and constitutes an unavoidable intellectual requirement. It allows the judge to give an order which is both rational and just to facts. Reputed to be impenetrable, suspected of arbitrariness, driven into alleged decline by the development of the logic of insurance, causal relationship has never formed the object of a full-fledged study in public law. The analysis of the notion of causal relationship allows us to correct the image above. It first reveals that we have to distinguish the metaphysical problem of causality from the pragmatic question of causal explanation. The nature of the problem posed by these two questions is different. The question that is put to the judge is modest : give a rational explanation to facts without looking for the truth. It secondly allows to observe that the causal relationship, if it does not come close to being an objective observation of facts, does not bear the imprint of a specific subjectivity with regard to other indeterminate notions in law. The study of the practice of causal relationship bears witness to this. The administrative judge has an ordered approach of the causal relationship founded on a balance between attachment to the materiality of facts and the finality of causal explanation. In the identification of a cause, in the prioritization of multiple causes or in fixing damages, administrative jurisprudence is characterized by this freedom, which is in conformity with the Blanco ruling, in the determination of a jurisprudential policy that causal relationship sometimes renders possible, but which it only follows most often.

Les promesses de payer sont des contrats par lesquels une personne s’engage envers un créancier à payer ce qui lui est dû. De tels actes sont courants ; leurs applications sont variées. Le cautionnement, l’acceptation d’une lettre de change, la promesse d’exécuter une obligation naturelle, l’engagement du délégué envers le délégataire, le constitut, la garantie autonome, la souscription d’un billet à ordre, etc., sont des promesses de payer. Plus précisément, ces actes sont des applications diverses d’une même figure juridique : la promesse de payer. Cette dernière, déshabillée des particularités propres à chacune de ses applications spéciales, se présente comme une figure juridique unitaire, pourvue d’une nature et de caractères permanents. Ayant pour objet un paiement, elle suppose toujours l’existence d’une dette à acquitter. Cette dette, ou « obligation principale », constitue sa cause objective. Contrairement à une simple reconnaissance de dette, la promesse ne se borne pas à déclarer l’existence de celle-ci. En tant qu’engagement d’exécution, elle donne naissance à une nouvelle obligation, l’ « obligation de règlement », venant s’adjoindre à la première en vue de son paiement. L’obligation de règlement, à ce titre, constitue l’accessoire de l’obligation principale. Son régime, de sa naissance à son extinction, sera donc plus ou moins lié à celui de cette dernière. / Promises to pay are contracts by which a person commits to pay to a creditor what is owed to him. Such acts are as common as they are various. For instance, bond, acceptance of a bill of exchange, promise to perform a natural obligation, commitment of the delegate to the delegatee, autonomous guarantee, subscription of a promissory note, etc. are promises to pay. In fact, such acts are different applications of a single legal figure : the promise to pay. Apart from the specificities of each of its applications, the promise to pay reveals itself as a uniform legal act with a permanent nature. Because its subject consists in a payment, the promise to pay always presupposes the existence of a debt. Such debt, or “primary obligation”, is the “objective cause” of the promise. Unlike a simple “IOU”, a promise to pay is not limited to declare the existence of the primary obligation. As a commitment, it also produces a new obligation, the “obligation to pay”, which coexists with the primary obligation. The obligation to pay, as such, is ancillary to the primary obligation. Its legal status, from its birth to its expiration, will be closely linked to that of the primary obligation.