The aim of this diploma thesis is to consider whether capital companies are more advantageous than partnerships from perspective of taxation of companion's income. Only companies in the Czech legal environment are included. The initial hypothesis is that limited liability company and joint-stock company are the best option, because according to statistical data these are the most frequently present legal forms of business in the Czech Republic. The comparison is carried out in general model of taxation of selected type of income. The parts of this thesis are also attachments which complement analyses by some summaries and calculations.

This work deals with the model of care Home Share in the world, especially in Ireland, and introduces its beginning activity in the Czech Republic for people with autism spectrum disorder. For many years, this target group has not found in the Czech system of social services affordable and suitable services, especially of the residential type, which it would need. Parents of these children are thus exposed to the burden of long-term care without the possibility of relieving them. Home Sharing is a way to complement this social system. The practical part focuses on mixed research, which aims to describe and critically reflect the current situation of Home Share in the Czech Republic. Through interviews, I investigated the beginning, course and possible future of organizations that are currently introducing Home Share for families with a person with autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, I used interviews and a questionnaire to find out the opinions of experts who are in the field of support for families with autistic people.

On the surface, Sweden and Denmark are two similar countries, but behind the closed boardroom doors, things look different. These two countries have chosen different approaches to achieving their goals and the diversification within the boards differs markedly. As a result, the study tries to emphasize the differences, and see if it is possible to distinguish different gender effects. The purpose of the study is to investigate the possible effects of gender quotas in corporate governance and the impact women does have on reducing risk in a corporate governance context as well as their connection to R&D investments based on a performance measure of earnings per share. The study has chosen a deductive approach with regards to a cross-sectional design to make it possible to make various comparisons between the collected variables. The hypotheses of the study have been formulated with help of the theories: tokenism, institutional theory, social role theory, resource mobilization theory, resource-based theory, economic growth theory and the theory of the firm. The study finds gender effects for Denmark however cannot conclude if this is an effect of women on the board of directors or a tokenism problem arising due to males’ dominance causing women to be pushed away or men having a different risk appetite. For Sweden no gender effects can be concluded neither for the 3-year or the year-to-year results. This suggests that Swedish companies board of directors have achieved great synergy effects due to institutional and social pressures, however a tokenism problem cannot be ruled out. / Sverige och Danmark är till ytan två lika länder men bakom de stängda styrelsedörrarna så ser det annorlunda ut. Dessa två länder har valt olika tillvägagångssätt för att uppnå sina mål och diversifieringen inom styrelserna skiljer sig markant. Till följd detta försöker studien betona skillnaderna, samt se om det går att urskilja olika könseffekter. Syftet med studien är att undersöka de möjliga effekterna av könskvotering i bolagsstyrning och vilken inverkan kvinnor har på att minska risken i ett bolagsstyrningssammanhang, samt deras koppling till forskning och utvecklings investeringar baserat på prestationsmått på vinst per aktie. Studien har valt ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt med avseende på en tvärsnittsdesign för att göra det möjligt att göra olika jämförelser mellan de insamlade variablerna. Studiens hypoteser har formulerats med hjälp av teorierna: tokenism, institutionell teori, social rollteori, resursmobiliseringsteori, resursbaserad teori, ekonomisk tillväxtteori och företagets teori. Studien finner könseffekter för Danmark men kan inte dra slutsatsen om detta är en effekt av kvinnor i styrelsen eller ett tokenismproblem som uppstår på grund av mäns dominans som gör att kvinnor trängs undan eller att män möjligen har en annan riskaptit. För Sverige kan inga könseffekter konstateras varken för 3-års- eller årsresultatet. Detta tyder på att den svenska styrelsen har uppnått stora synergieffekter på grund av institutionella och sociala påtryckningar, men ett tokenismproblem kan inte uteslutas.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to investigate how the market reacts to a change of CEO and if the impact on the share price is different when a company changes founder-CEO compared to a non founder-CEO. We chose to write about this type of phenomenon mainly because we see that CEOs today are replaced more frequently than before. Theory: The efficient market hypothesis, the agent theory and corporate governance. Method: The study is based on a quantitative deductive research approach. The companies investigated were Swedish companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm and they have been examined using an event study and two hypothesis tests. Results: The result consists of 20 observations from 20 companies. The cumulated average abnormal return is presented for all days of the event window. The results of the hypothesis tests are also presented. Analysis: The first hypothesis test shows that the announcement of the change of CEO has an impact on the share price. The second hypothesis test shows that there is a difference regarding the impact between the announcement of change of a founder-CEO and a non founder-CEO. The event study shows that the impact of the change of a founder-CEO is positive and the impact of the change of a non founder-CEO is negative. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that the announcement of a change of CEO has a significant impact on the share price and the announcement of the change of a founder-CEO affect the stock price different from the change of a non founder-CEO. / Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka marknadens reaktion när ett företag byter VD samt om marknaden reagerar olika mellan ett byte av grundar-VD och icke grundar-VD. Vi valde att skriva om just denna typ av fenomen då vi upplever att VD:ar idag byts ut oftare jämfört med tidigare. Teori: Den effektiva marknadshypotesen, agentteorin och corporate governance. Metod: Den metod undersökningen har utgått från är en kvantitativ metod med deduktiv ansats. Svenska börsföretag har undersökts med hjälp av ett hypotestest och en eventstudie. Empiri: Empirin består av 20 observationer från 20 företag. Den ackumulerade genomsnittliga abnormala avkastningen presenteras för alla dagar i händelsefönstret. Även empirin från hypotestesten presenteras. Analys: Hypotestestet visar att tillkännagivande av VD-byte har en påverkan på aktiekursen. Det andra hypotestestet som utförts visar att det finns en skillnad i påverkan mellan tillkännagivande av VD-byte för grundar-VD och icke grundarVD. Eventstudien visar att påverkan av grundar-VD är positiv medan påverkan av icke grundar-VD är negativ. Slutsats: Empirin av undersökningen visar att tillkännagivande av VD-byte har en signifikant påverkan på aktiekursen samt att tillkännagivande för byte av en grundar-VD påverkar aktiekursen annorlunda jämfört med tillkännagivande av byte av en icke grundar-VD.

The main goal of this dissertation was to obtain an understanding as to the true economic nature of employee share options and the problems surrounding the accounting thereof. The main conclusion of this study is that employee share options should be expensed in the income statement as and when the employee's services are performed. The reason is that employee share options are valuable financial instruments which the employer has used to compensate the employee for his services. It was also concluded that exercise date accounting and classification of outstanding employee share options as liabilities on the balance sheet is the most appropriate accounting treatment. Such accounting treatment trues up the accounting of employee share options with that of cash-settled share appreciation rights, which are economically equivalent transactions. The measurement of employee share options should be based on their fair value using an option-pricing model adapted for the specific features of employee share options. / Accounting / Thesis (M. Com. (Accounting Science))

This study is set out to assess the effectiveness of customer relationship management (CRM) in the hotel industry. Relying on the integration of several CRM scholars, the study seeks to answer questions about the relationship between CRM and performance. A mixed research method approach was adopted. The research targeted 106 hotels in Pretoria. 47 responses were received from the hotel personnel who answered the questionnaire. The findings of the survey clearly indicate that hotel performance is dependent on CRM, as shown in the variance of performance levels in line with the level of CRM practised by a specific, named hotel. The study further suggests that hotels’ management should continuously embark on various CRM practices in order to improve their performance. Responses will be captured and analysed using the SPSS computer software. The results will be subjected to quantitative data analysis. It is expected that the findings will highlight important implications for hotels and other hospitality and tourism stakeholders in Pretoria and beyond. Stakeholders wishing to improve their understanding of the effectiveness of CRM in hotels will find this study helpful. / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

Die studie ondersoek die inligtingswaarde van dividende as 'n moontlike verldaring van die waargenome aandeleprysreaksie op dividendaankondigings. Twee algemene hipoteses is getoets, naamlik dat 'n betekenisvolle verandering in 'n maatskappy se dividendbeleid inligting oor daardie maatskappy se toekomstige verdienste per aandeel bevat, en tweedens dat hierdie inligting in die reaksie van aandelepryse na die aankondiging van die verandering gereflekteer word. Die belangrikste bevindinge is soos volg: • Die inligting vervat in huidige dividendaankondigings kan nie deur beleggers gebruik word om die volgende jaar se verdienste per aandeel van 'n maatskappy te voorspel nie. Die aandeleprysreaksie op positiewe, negatiewe en neutrale nuus is statisties beduidend, maar vind hoofsaaklik in dieselfde rigting plaas. Beleggers sou dus nie die inligting vervat in dividendaankondigings kan gebruik om bogemiddelde opbrengskoerse te genereer nie. • Die inligtingswaarde van dividende is dus 'n onwaarskynlike verldaring van die invloed van 'n maatskappy se dividendbeleid op die waarde van sy gewone aandele. / This research investigates the information content of dividends as a possible explanation for the observed share price reaction to dividend announcements. Two hypotheses were tested, namely that a significant change in a company's dividend policy contains information on that company's future earnings per share, and secondly, that this information is reflected in the share price reaction after the announcement of the change. The most important findings are as follows: • Investors cannot use the information contained in current dividend announcements to predict a company's earnings per share for the next year. • Share price reactions to positive, negative and neutral news are statistically significant, but will be in the same direction. Hence investors cannot use this information to generate above-normal returns. The information content of dividends is therefore an unlikely explanation of the influence a company's dividend policy has on the value of its ordinary shares. / Business Management / MCom (Sakebestuur)

Introduction. Les programmes de vélos en libre-service (PVLS) représentent une innovation en transport actif. À ce jour, la sensibilisation à cette innovation en tant que prérequis à l’accessibilité n’a jamais été étudiée. Objectif. Identifier les facteurs liés à l’absence de sensibilisation à l’existence du PVLS à Montréal. Méthode. 7011 Montréalais âgés de 18 ans et plus ont été interrogés au cours de 3 sondages téléphoniques sur une période couvrant deux saisons : avant la première saison (n=2000), après la première saison (n=2502) et après la deuxième saison (n=2509). Des analyses de régression logistique ont été réalisées sur 93,6 % (n=6562) de l’échantillon pour examiner l’effet du temps, de la proximité des stations de vélos et du niveau d’éducation sur l’absence de sensibilisation à l’existence du PVLS. Résultats. Nous constatons que, après la première saison d’implantation du PVLS, la probabilité d’absence de sensibilisation au PVLS est plus élevée chez les individus dont le niveau d’éducation est faible que chez ceux dont le niveau d’éducation est élevé (RC = 1,60; 95 % IC : 1,18; 2,19). Aussi, nous observons que, après la deuxième saison d’implantation, la probabilité d’absence de sensibilisation au PVLS est plus élevée chez les individus dont le niveau d’éducation est faible et qui vivent dans un voisinage pourvu d’un PVLS, que chez ceux dont le niveau d’éducation est élevé et qui vivent dans un voisinage dépourvu d’un PVLS (RC = 1,63, 95 % IC : 1,01; 2,64). Conclusion. Malgré l’accessibilité au PVLS dans un voisinage, des inégalités sociales persistent. / Background. Public bicycle share programs (PBSP) are an active transportation innovation. No study has examined lack of awareness of PBSP as a factor limiting accessibility. Objective. Identify factors associated with lack of awareness of a PBSP across time in Montreal. Methods. Within the context of a larger study, a sample of 7,011 Montrealiers aged 18 years and over were recruited to participate in one of three telephone surveys occurring prior to implementation (n=2,000), after season 1 (n=2,502), and after season 2 (n=2,509). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between survey period, proximity to docking stations, and education with lack of PBSP awareness. Results. There was a greater likelihood of being PBSP-unaware among those with lower education after season 1 implementation in comparison to those with higher education (OR = 1.60, 95 %CI: 1.18, 2.19). There was also greater likelihood of being PBSP-unaware among those with lower education after season 2 implementation in neighbourhoods where the PBSP was available in comparison to those with higher education in neighbourhoods without PBSP docking stations (OR = 1.63, 95 %CI: 1.01, 2.64). Although lack of awareness decreased over time, greater likelihood of being PBSP-unaware was observed among those with lower education. Conclusion. Despite the physical presence of PBSP docking stations in neighbourhoods, socioeconomic inequalities persist.

The topic of shareholder's duty of loyalty is an important aspect for the definition of most of the duties and obligations of the capital company members. Therefore, it is also very popular topic for the authors of professional literature, who tend to be interested in systematized distinction of the duties and obligations of the capital company members. Most authors, along with the jurisprudence, already admit considerable importance of principle of loyalty and consider it to be the rule of interpretation appropriate for its application to the other duties and obligations of company members. The principle of loyalty, having a regulatory function, may fill in particular gaps in the statutory regulation. As a derogatory rule it may avoid the application of other rules that would lead to unfair decisions. This work aims to demonstrate the possibility of application of the principle of loyalty in practice. The thesis is divided into two main parts, the first is meant to clarify the place of the duty of loyalty in Czech law. It describes how was the existence of the duty of loyalty inferred before its regulation in new Civil Code. Next chapters of the first part are devoted to current applicable regulation. The second part of the theses focuses on particular examples in order to demonstrate the...

Approximately every tenth citizen in the Czech Republic suffers from a disability. Persons with disabilities form a vulnerable group in the labour market, which is caused mainly by a lower level of their education. Therefore, it is important that legislation protects the disabled persons and encourages employers to their employment. Employing of disabled people is in the interest of entire society and also has an integrative dimension. The main objective of this thesis is to assess comprehensively the legal regulation of the employment of persons with disabilities in the Czech Republic, to reflect recent amendments to applicable legislation and simultaneously to verify the premise that these regulations are satisfactory and feasible in practice. The thesis consists of four parts. The first part focuses on the basic definitions and states in which aspects some similar terms are identical or different. Special attention is paid to the definition of a "disabled person" in all its major forms. The second part deals with international and European regulation, by which the Czech Republic is bound and with which the national legislation must be in accordance. The chapter focuses on a wide range of legal documents that give direction to Czech legislation and grant certain rights to disabled persons. The...