Uppsatsens syfte är att kartlägga hur nio svenska turistföretag ser på sociala mediers och konsumentens roll inom marknadsföring online. Vidare vill uppsatsförfattarna analysera potentiella effekter av virala marknadsföringskampanjer. Detta utifrån fyra teoretiska ramverk: webb 2.0, word-of-mouth, viral marknadsföring samt social valuta. I uppsatsens analys besvaras tre frågeställningar: hur ser turistföretagen på marknadsföring genom sociala medier, vad har konsumenternas sociala nätverk för betydelse i turistföretagens virala marknadsföring, samt vilka är de upplevda effekterna av virala marknadsföringskampanjer? Uppsatsens empiri baseras på data insamlad via nio semistrukturerade intervjuer. De generella resultaten visar på att konsumentens sociala nätverk online har en stor betydelse för företagens marknadsföring online, konsumenterna äger varumärket genom att de i sina sociala kanaler kan sprida både positiv och negativ word-of-mouth till det sociala nätverket. Sociala medier är en viktig faktor i turistföretagens marknadsföring och företagen måste idag vara närvarande på sociala medier då allt fler konsumenter befinner sig online. Studien har även visat att företagen endast upplever positiva effekter av företagens virala marknadsföringskampanjer. Kampanjerna leder till att konsumenterna integreras i marknadsföringen och sprider företagets varumärke till dess sociala nätverk. I och med detta bildas en positiv relation mellan företag och konsument. / The aim of this essay is to identify how nine Swedish tourism companies view the role of social media and the consumer in online marketing. Furthermore, the authors will analyze the potential effects of viral marketing campaigns. This is based on four theoretical frameworks: web 2.0, word-of-mouth, viral marketing and social currency. The analysis answer three questions: how tourism companies looks on marketing through social media, what consumer social networks importance of tourism businesses viral marketing, and what are the perceived effects of viral marketing campaigns? The essays empirics are based on data collected through nine semi-structured interviews. The overall results show that the social networks of consumers have a great significance for the companies’ online marketing. Through their social media channels, consumers can spread both positive and negative word-of-mouth to their social networks, this has the effect that consumers now can be said to own the companies’ brands. Social media is an important element of the tourism companies’ marketing strategies. Consumers increasing usage of social media means that companies today must be present online. Furthermore, the study has shown that tourism companies have only seen positive effects of their viral marketing campaigns. The campaigns have the effect of consumers integrating with the companies’ marketing and spreading the companies’ brands within their social networks. This creates a positive relation between company and consumer.

Capital market is an important part of the economy. Its development undoubtedly influences efficiency of the economy and thus the overall development of the country. This master thesis analyze the process of initial public offering ("IPO") in the Czech Republic, because I believe that IPO can significantly help to develop capital market and thus the entire economy. I analyze the IPO process in terms of the main factors that affect the value of issued shares and through it the basic objective of the joint-stock company in IPO, to maximize equity gained from the process of going public. The analysis shows that significant weaknesses in the Czech regulation have been removed and the IPO process is regulated on the same level and in the same extend as in other EU countries. However, IPO remains an option that many companies do not involve in their strategic planning because of its complexity and high costs. Thorough preparation and analysis of legal options of how to go public in the legal environment can maximize profits from the issue and, moreover, it contributes to achieving higher long-term profits.

The graduation thesis is primaly focused on problems of specialities of accountancy in joint-stock company in Czech republic. Between these specialities we comprise increases and decreases in the registered capital and distribution of income or payment of loss. The subject of this thesis is the application of accounting, tax and legal enactments on joint-stock company.

The thesis is aimed at the comparison of legal regulations of the private limited company in spanish and czech law, especially because this type of company belongs currently to one of the most wide-spreaded forms of business associations and as such creates the legal framework for the development of small and medium enterpreneurship. The thesis is divided into several thematic parts describing particular features of private limited company. This way I tried to find the most important differences between these two systems of law with the intention of clearing their advantages and also disadvantages.

This study is set out to assess the effectiveness of customer relationship management (CRM) in the hotel industry. Relying on the integration of several CRM scholars, the study seeks to answer questions about the relationship between CRM and performance. A mixed research method approach was adopted. The research targeted 106 hotels in Pretoria. 47 responses were received from the hotel personnel who answered the questionnaire. The findings of the survey clearly indicate that hotel performance is dependent on CRM, as shown in the variance of performance levels in line with the level of CRM practised by a specific, named hotel. The study further suggests that hotels’ management should continuously embark on various CRM practices in order to improve their performance. Responses will be captured and analysed using the SPSS computer software. The results will be subjected to quantitative data analysis. It is expected that the findings will highlight important implications for hotels and other hospitality and tourism stakeholders in Pretoria and beyond. Stakeholders wishing to improve their understanding of the effectiveness of CRM in hotels will find this study helpful. / Business Management / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los factores que influyeron en las exportaciones de Pisco al mercado de Estados Unidos en el marco del TLC en el periodo del 2002 al 2018. Se describirán los conceptos principales para lograr una mayor comprensión de la presente investigación. Se revisarán los antecedentes del sector pisquero en el Perú y su evolución a lo largo de los años a nivel local e internacional para medir su crecimiento en el mercado de estudio, tanto en volumen como en valor FOB. Asimismo, se revisará teoría de propiedad intelectual para lograr comprobar si es que la denominación de origen Pisco se encuentra dentro de los factores que han influenciado directamente en la exportación del Pisco. Por último, se evaluará la competitividad y el nivel de cuota de mercado del producto en mención frente a su principal competidor, Chile. Los tres objetivos planteados en el presente estudio tienen como propósito comprobar si es que los factores antes mencionados tienen injerencia directa con el tema en estudio y comprobar las hipótesis planteadas, lo cual se probará con la ayuda de un software estadístico y por medio de entrevistas. Para ello, se recopiló información a través de diversas herramientas metodológicas tales como: datos estadísticos de la SUNAT y del portal de Adex Data Trade, y entrevistas a expertos en temas relacionados al sector vitivinícola, en específico en el sector pisquero. / The present investigation aims to determinate the factors that influenced exports of Pisco to the USA market within the framework of the Trade Promotion Agreement in the term from 2002 to 2008. The main concepts will be described to achieve greater compression of the present investigation. The background of the pisco sector in Peru and its evolution over the years at local and international level will be reviewed to measure its growth in the market of study both in volume and in FOB value. Likewise, intellectual property theory will be reviewed, in order to verify whether the Pisco designation of origin is among the factors that have directly influenced the export of Pisco. Finally, the competitiveness and the level of market share will be evaluated of the product in question against its main competitor, Chile. The three principals aims set out in this study are to verify whether the aforementioned factors have direct interference with the subject under study and check the hypotheses, which will be tested with the help of statistical software and interviews. Therefore, information was collected through several methodological tools such as: statistical data of SUNAT, and the portal of Adex Data Trade, and interviews with experts, specifically in the Pisco Sector. / Tesis

Income inequalities have become a matter of major concern following reports that the working class and lower middle class of developed economies have income levels that are falling behind. Few studies have been conducted on the regional level even though this perspective might better capture the development of income inequalities, since national averages might hide local differences. This study uses panel data for 286 Swedish municipalities in between 1991-2017 and fixed effect regressions, to examine if the theory of a skill-biased technological change could be used to explain resent developments. We find an labor income divergence for Swedish municipalities within the studied time period. The share of high skilled workers is found to be a good predictor of the growth in regional labor income inequalities, while an ageing population of the regions falling behind counteracts the growth of inequality, possibly leading to an underestimation of the size of regional labor income divergence. These results are in support of a skill-biased technological change at work and a job polarization transforming regional labor markets and regional societies. We conclude that adopting a regional perspective in the analysis and development of future economic growth policies is necessary to ensure long term economic growth, equality of opportunity and social cohesion.

While there has been considerable research regarding the role of Mobility Hubs in cities and transport networks, significant investment is required to develop these facilities. It is the correlation between investment, new users’ attraction and revenue generation that is the key for a sustainable development of Mobility Hubs and this investment must, therefore, be correctly assessed and targeted. This study aims to develop a methodology to determine the viability of investing in Mobility Hub features, weighing the investment on different Hub features and services against expected potential benefits and revenue generation, addressing the question: Can investment in Mobility Hub features be justified and, if so, which features maximize its expected positive impact? Based on a review of literature and definition of possible Hub features as variables, secondary research data was compiled to enable the analysis of expected impacts of each variable/feature in terms of new user’s attraction and revenue generation, which was then used to develop individual Net Present Value analysis of each feature. The result of these analysis demonstrates and concludes that different Hub features have the potential to generate substantially different investment outcomes, and that each feature should be analyzed individually prior to investment decision. It was also concluded by this research that the proposed assessment methodology can be used for future research on other listed Hub features, albeit with the constraint that primary data will be required when secondary research data is not available.

Diese Dissertation besteht aus vier Aufsätzen, die sich mit der funktionalen Einkommensverteilung beschäftigen und leistet einen Beitrag in den Bereichen Arbeitsmärkte und Makroökonomie. Der erste Aufsatz ist ein Literaturüberblick über den Einkommensanteil von Arbeit am Gesamteinkommen. Der zweite Aufsatz analysiert den Einfluss von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) auf den relativen Lohnanteil von hoch-, mittel- und niedrig qualifizierten Arbeitnehmern. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung legen nahe, dass IKT die relativen Lohnanteile beeinflusst, dieser Einfluss jedoch nicht im gleichen Maße über Zeit und Länder auffindbar ist. Einzelne Industrien werden aufgezeigt, in denen Investitionen in IKT den relativen Lohnanteil hochqualifizierter Arbeitnehmer steigern. In anderen Industrien führen Investitionen in IKT zu einer Polarisierung am unteren Ende der Verteilung. Der dritte Aufsatz untersucht die Einflüsse auf die Lohnquote in Westeuropa. Die Studie zeigt einen großen und persistenten negativen Einfluss von internationaler wirtschaftlicher Integration auf die Lohnquote über die mittlere Frist. Starke Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen steigern die Lohnquote. Der vierte Aufsatz untersucht durch welchen Kanal IKT die Lohnquote beeinflusst. Das Modell von Bental und Demougin (2010), welches die Hypothese aufstellt, dass die Lohnquote fällt da IKT die Beobachtbarkeit von Anstrengung erhöht und so die Informationsrente der Arbeitnehmer bei gleicher Anstrengung senkt, wird zu Daten von neun Westeuropäischen Ländern kalibriert. Dies zeigt, dass das Modell die Trends der Lohnquote als auch die der Reallöhne in Effizienzeinheiten und der Arbeit in Effizienzeinheiten durch den Kapitalstock, replizieren kann. Desweiteren zeigt die Analyse von Individualdaten aus dem Deutschen Sozio-Ökonomischen Panel, dass die gefühlte Beobachtung der Arbeitsleistung im Durchschnitt zwischen 1985 und 2001 gestiegen ist. / This dissertation consists of four essays on the functional distribution of income and contributes to the body of research on labor markets and macroeconomics. The first essay reviews the literature on the income share of labor. The second essay analyzes empirically the impact of investments into information and communication technology (ICT) on the relative compensation of high-, medium-, and low-skilled workers. The results imply that, although ICT investments influence the relative demand of workers by skill, this impact is not persistent over time and across countries. Nevertheless, individual industries are identified in which ICT investments increase the relative compensation of high-skilled workers and industries in which ICT investments polarize compensation at the bottom of the skill distribution. The third essay investigates the empirical influences on the labor share in Western Europe. The results show a large and persistent negative impact of economic integration on the labor share in the medium-run for an industry-level measurement. Stronger labor market institutions increase the labor share. Furthermore, the results suggest a common negative impact of ICT and economic globalization on labor share, while ICT itself seems complementary to labor in production. The fourth essay assesses empirically through which channel ICT decreases the labor share. The model of Bental and Demougin (2010), which argues that ICT reduces the labor share by improving monitoring technology and therefore lowering the workers rent at every level of output, is calibrated and simulated using data from nine OECD countries. The results show that the model can generate the observable trends in the labor shares as well as real wages in efficiency units and labor in efficiency units over capital. Furthermore, an analysis of micro data from the German Socio-Economic Panel indicates an overall average increase of perceived monitoring of workers between 1985 and 2001.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Ferreira Dias Leite.pdf: 1523703 bytes, checksum: 8f61e385bf2ad0f1bc48d5d037291654 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-21 / This thesis is the result for the long way and research in front of a culture that still give privileges in the majority to the women to be the primary motherhood guardian to her childrens. In face of this tragic reality the men still be excluded in the juridical process of taking care and protect his childrens after conjugal separation/divorce or break their affective relationship .Is necessary to make some suggestions to change , for example , share custody of the childrens ,since that, families studies and researches point that ,childrens request both parents care in the same proportion, is not possible measure which one has the most important role in the process of caring and educating their offspring . The research got the opinion from the Performance of Law Makers involved in this subject ,the principal subject from this studies is understand and identify some cultural factors that gives privileges from women s to be their children priority guardian. The future vision is to find the way to share custody, change the traditional way attributed to that .Was made one interview with the member of one family that experience share custody, the privilege of the motherhood custody exclude and minimized the fatherhood participation on the care of the children, because of the marital separation/divorce on the majority occur custody dispute. The men change into father visitor bi-weekly and food provider. Because of that is important to find alternatives to change the way of traditional form in this attribution. Vision of that fatherhood responsibilities and the preservation of childrens and teens rights from divorce parents to live together with their father and mother with justice and balance to health development of minors / Esta tese é produto de longa caminhada e pesquisa relacionada a uma cultura que ainda tem privilegiado majoritariamente a mulher como guardiã prioritária dos filhos. Diante dessa realidade, em que os homens ainda estão excluídos juridicamente do processo de cuidar e continuar a exercer a guarda de seus filhos após uma separação conjugal/divórcio, ou rompimento de uma relação afetiva, se faz necessário apresentar algumas sugestões de mudança, como, por exemplo, o compartilhamento de guarda, uma vez que, segundo estudiosos e pesquisadores renomados, filhos carecem dos cuidados maternos e paternos na mesma proporcionalidade e, por isso, não é possível mensurar qual tem o papel mais importante no processo de cuidado e educação com sua prole. A pesquisa contempla as opiniões dos operadores do direito acerca dessa temática, e a principal proposta da estudiosa é entender e identificar alguns fatores culturais que têm privilegiado a mulher como guardiã prioritária dos filhos. Subsequentemente, visanto encontrar, na modalidade de guarda compartilhada, alternativas de mudança na forma tradicional dessa atribuição, foram realizadas entrevistas com os membros de uma família que vivenciam o compartilhamento de guarda. O privilégio da guarda materna tende a minimizar ou excluir a participação paterna no cuidado com os filhos, pois, o processo de separação conjugal/divórcio, na maioria das vezes, envolve a disputa de guarda, e o homem se transforma em pai visitador quinzenal e pagador de alimentos. Por isso, é importante encontrar alternativas de mudança da forma tradicional dessa atribuição, visando promover uma parentalidade responsável e a preservação dos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes filhos de pais separados a conviverem com o pai e a mãe, de maneira equilibrada e adequada ao desenvolvimento saudável dos menores