Den 10 mars 2000 blev det lagligt för publika aktiebolag att köpa tillbaka sina egna aktier i Sverige. Företag har därefter tagit tillfället i akt och använt detta distributionssätt. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka huruvida det finns skillnader i olika branscher gällande aktieåterköp under tidsperioden 2011–2019. Branscherna som studerades var industri, läkemedel, fastigheter, dagligvaror och telekommunikation. Undersökningen utfördes för att se om branschtillhörighet hade en inverkan på företag som använder sig av aktieåterköp. Samtliga företag som ingår i undersökningen är noterade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, Large-Cap. Studien använde en kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats. Ett hypotestest utfördes som sedan prövades med en regressionsanalys för att se om det fanns signifikanta skillnader på aktieåterköp i olika branscher. Resultatet påvisade att det inte fanns några signifikanta branschskillnader, och branschtillhörighet har därför ingen inverkan på huruvida ett företag använder sig av aktieåterköp. Resultatet i denna studie går i linje med Higgins (1972) studie The corporate dividend-saving decision som menade att valet av utdelningspolitik inte påverkas av branschen företaget befinner sig i. / On March 10, 2000, it became legal for public limited companies to buy back their own shares in Sweden. Companies have since taken the opportunity and used this method of distribution. This study aims to examine whether there are differences in different industries regarding share repurchases during the period 2011-2019. The industries studied were pharmaceuticals, real estate, industry, consumer goods and telecommunications. The survey was conducted to see if industry affiliation had an impact on companies that use share repurchases. All companies included in the survey are listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, Large-Cap. The study used a quantitative method with a deductive approach. A hypothesis test was performed which was then tested with a regression analysis to see if there were significant differences in share repurchases in various industries. The results showed that there were no significant industry differences, and industry affiliation therefore has no effect on whether a company uses share repurchases. The results of this study are in line with Higgins' (1972) study the corporate dividend-saving decision, which stated that the choice of dividend policy is not affected by the industry the company operates in.

Aktieåterköp är en snabbt växande företeelse och är på grund av tidigare lagar relativt nytt i Sverige jämfört med andra utvecklade länder. Aktieåterköp kan i vissa fall användas som ett substitut för utdelning, men kan även genomföras för att signalera marknaden och förhindra företagsuppköp. För att få en större förståelse för aktieåterköp har ett fåtal studier undersökt dess samband till ägarförhållanden på olika sätt. Dessa studier visar olika resultat i olika länder, vilket kan tyda på att landspecifika faktorer spelar roll vid undersökning av ägarförhållanden. Den aktuella studien undersöker hur ägarkoncentrationen och det interna ägandet ser ut i bolag som återköper aktier, samt om det finns någon skillnad i ägarkoncentration och internt ägande mellan aktieåterköpande och icke-återköpande bolag som är noterade på Stockholmsbörsen. Studien har en kvantitativ ansats och använder en tvärsnittsdesign för att besvara hypoteserna och jämföra de två grupperna. Hypoteserna är framställda utifrån den teoretiska referensramen som främst grundar sig i agentteori och asymmetrisk information. Resultatet visar hur ägarkoncentrationen och det interna ägandet ser ut för bolag som återköper egna aktier på Stockholmsbörsen 2019. Små skillnader kunde ur studiens resultat observeras mellan de två grupperna av observationer. Skillnaderna uppvisade ingen statistisk signifikans. / Share repurchases are a rapidly growing phenomenon and is relatively new in Sweden compared to other developed countries due to previous swedish laws. Share repurchases are often seen as a substitute for dividends, but can also be implemented to signal the market and prevent corporate acquisitions. Few studies have investigated share repurchases relation to ownership in various ways in order to understand the phenomenon further. These studies show different results in different countries, which may indicate that country-specific factors play a role when investigating ownership. The current study examines the ownership concentration and the internal ownership in companies that repurchase shares, and also if there is a difference in ownership concentration and internal ownership between companies that repurchase stocks and those who don’t. These companies are listed on Nasdaq Stockholm. The study has a quantitative approach and uses a cross-sectional design to answer the hypotheses and compare the two selected groups. The hypotheses are produced on the basis of the theoretical frame of reference, which is mainly based on agency theory and asymmetrical information. The results of the study indicate how the concentration and internal ownership looks for companies that repurchase their own shares on Nasdaq Stockholm. Small differences could be observed from the study’s results between the two groups of observations. The differences showed no statistical significance.

Asymmetric information in the management-investor relationship implies that the management’s actions will give signals to investors. According to the signalling hypothesis, an announcement of a share repurchase program is interpreted by investors that the management is putting its money where its mouth is, i.e. signalling that the stock is currently undervalued. Using the event study methodology to analyze share repurchases of listed Swedish real estate companies, we find significant short-term abnormal returns of 1,96% on the announcement day and cumulative abnormal returns of 2,32% (although not significant on conventional levels) for the ten first days subsequent to the announcement. At the most fundamental level of corporate finance theory, the Efficient Market Hypothesis stipulates that the whole value of the announcement should be discounted in the stock price immediately. On the other hand, it might be rational for investors to await certainty that the share repurchase program will be executed, before discounting its full value. We find indications of underreaction as the analysis suggests long-term positive stock price reactions to the announcement. The Jensen’s alpha approach utilized in the long-term analysis suggests an average abnormal return of 10,30%, although insignificant on conventional levels, the year following a share repurchase announcement. From a stock investor point of view, the results from this study suggest that buying real estate stocks that announce share repurchase programs can yield positive abnormal returns for investment horizons of 10 days as well as 12 months.

我國庫藏股制度於民國八十九年開始實施，當上市櫃公司宣告買回庫藏股後，造成了公司資產的重分配，其股東、債權人等利害關係人會以預期心理來評估自身權益所受到的影響，並將其反應在所要求的必要報酬率上，因此公司對股東所負擔的權益資金成本及對債權人所負擔的負債資金成本都將產生變動。 當公司宣告買回庫藏股後，實證結果顯示：(1)其負債資金成本將上升，而權益資金成本將會下降。(2)預定買回股份佔資本比愈大時，其負債資金成本增加愈多。(3)買回前獲利能力之不同，並未發現其會對宣告買回公司之負債資金成本有顯著影響。(4)依目的三買回將使該公司負債資金成本增加數小於依目的一或目的二買回之負債資金成本增加數、並使權益資金成本減少數大於依目的一或目的二買回之權益資金成本減少數。(5)公司內部人持股比率於宣告前一年淨增加愈多則權益資金成本降低程度愈大。(6)資訊愈對稱的公司其權益資金成本下降的程度愈少。 / Share repurchase system was formally implemented in Taiwan in 2000 , when the TSEC & OTC listed companies announce that they will repurchase shares , it changes the composition of assets held by the firm , revising the ownership proportions of each of their shareholders and interests of each of their creditors. Thus, their cost of equity capital and debt capital may change . When companies announce to repurchase shares , results show that : (1)their cost of debt capital will increase and their cost of equity capital will decrease. (2)the more percentage of shares companies expect to repurchase , the more their cost of debt capital increase. (3)the different profitability before announcement has no significant effect to companies’ cost of debt capital. (4)repurchase in order to conserve companies’ credibility and shareholders’ equity will increase less cost of debt capital and decrease more cost of equity capital than that in order to reach other two purposes .(5) the more increase of percentage of shares companies’ insiders’ hold before announce, the more their cost of equity capital decrease. (6) the more symmetrical information companies obtain , the less their cost of equity capital decrease.

[pt] Nas últimas décadas, os programas de recompra de ações têm se tornado cada vez mais populares entre as empresas abertas ao redor do mundo. Além de constituírem uma forma de remuneração aos acionistas, as recompras de ações geram uma série de efeitos secundários e impactos distintos sobre as companhias, o que dificulta a identificação de um fator único para sua execução e para a existência das anomalias de mercado. Ao mesmo tempo que se observa uma evolução gradual dos estudos sobre recompra de ações nos mercados desenvolvidos, como no caso dos Estados Unidos, observa-se um gap de conhecimento sobre tais eventos no Brasil. O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar as anomalias observadas nos preços das ações após os anúncios de recompra sob um ângulo diferenciado dos estudos já desenvolvidos com referência ao tema na literatura nacional. A partir de uma conceituação internacional, identifica-se que cada vez mais os insiders têm um papel importante na execução e nos retornos dos programas de recompra. Utilizando pela primeira vez uma base de dados recente e mais precisa sobre os programas de recompra de ações anunciados e realizados no país nos últimos anos, este estudo identifica características únicas do mercado brasileiro, como por exemplo o alto nível de recompras anunciadas e não executadas. Esta visível discrepância entre os anúncios e as execuções resulta na identificação de um efeito reputacional, através do qual empresas que possuem histórico de execução apresentam retornos anormais ao redor das datas de anúncio dos programas de recompra. Além deste efeito reputacional, também são obtidas evidências positivas do papel da governança corporativa e da existência de uma relação significativa entre a execução das recompras e as negociações de ações realizadas pelos insiders. / [en] In the recent decades, share repurchase programs gained increasing importance among public companies worldwide. Besides being an alternative form of distribution to shareholders, share repurchase programs have a series of secondary effects and distinct impacts within each company, which does not allow the identification of one exclusive factor to justify such behavior. While several studies regarding share repurchases have been conducted in developed markets, such as the United States, there is a large gap of knowledge between those markets and the Brazilian market. This research represents a step forward to the understanding of the share price behavior anomalies following share repurchase announcements using a different perspective than previous studies in the Brazilian literature. Following an international review, the behavior of the companies insiders is identified as an important factor that directly affects the execution and returns generated by the share repurchase programs. Using for the first time a more recent and accurate data base about the announcements and execution of share repurchase programs in Brazil covering the past years, this study identifies unique characteristics of the Brazilian market, such as a high level of repurchase program announcements without executions. This notorious difference between announcement and execution creates a reputational effect by which companies with a history of past execution present superior abnormal return nearby announcement dates. Besides this reputational effect, it s also presented evidence regarding the positive influence of corporate governance and the existence of a significant relationship between the execution of the share repurchase programs and insider trading.