Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T15:33:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO-Versão final-pdf.pdf: 3403182 bytes, checksum: 68c05cae14c0199e2754dda7749c2aee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-17T16:15:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO-Versão final-pdf.pdf: 3403182 bytes, checksum: 68c05cae14c0199e2754dda7749c2aee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-17T16:15:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO-Versão final-pdf.pdf: 3403182 bytes, checksum: 68c05cae14c0199e2754dda7749c2aee (MD5) / Filiada ao aparato teórico metodológico da Análise do Discurso (PÊCHEUX, 1969; ORLANDI, 1984), bem como ao escopo teórico da Psicanálise a partir da leitura lacaniana de Freud, esta dissertação analisa o funcionamento das determinações históricas que constituem discursos sobre o movimento e aumento das chamadas depressões. Para tal, toma-se como material de análise desta pesquisa o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th. edition, DSM-IV, em português, conhecido como o Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais, em sua quarta edição (DSM-IV-1995). Considera-se o quadro teórico-epistemológico da Análise do Discurso, uma abordagem bastante complexa, pois trabalha nas relações entre alguns saberes e nas rupturas. Trata-se de uma teoria que parece estar sempre nos limites, nas fronteiras, nas margens com relação às demais formas de conhecimento que trabalham com a linguagem. Esta pesquisa a-bordou mais especificamente as fronteiras entre a Análise do Discurso e a Psicanálise no que diz respeito à análise das depressões, ou seja, analisou-se a materialidade textual do DSM-IV e, ao mesmo tempo, foram tecidas considerações clínicas sobre as depressões. Outro ponto relevante no trabalho foi tomar a palavra ‘depressão’, pela vertente significante. Em outras palavras, queremos dizer que não há sentido a priori, mas no só depois (LACAN, 1998[1964]). O significante, em si, tal como pensado por Lacan (1998[1964]), inserido na reflexão da linguística saussuriana, não representa nada. Desse modo, se fez possível discutir o que uma análise discursiva teria a dizer acerca das possibilidades de deslocamento dos discursos sobre as chamadas depressões em determinações ideológicas que atravessam o discurso científico e suas as práticas / Affiliated with the methodological theoretical apparatus of Discourse Analysis (PÊCHEUX, 1969; ORLANDI, 1984), as well as the theoretical scope of Psychoanalysis from the Lacanian reading of Freud, this dissertation analyzes the functioning of historical determinations that are discourses about the movement and increase of the so called depressions. To this end, it is taken as analysis material of this research the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in its Fourth Edition, better known as the DSM-IV (DSM-IV-1995). We take into account the theoretical and epistemological framework of Discourse Analysis, which is a complex approach since it works in the relationship between knowledge and the ruptures. It is a theory that seems to be always on the edge, on the borders and on the margins in relation to other forms of knowledge working with language. This research approached more specifically the boundaries between the Discourse Analysis and Psychoanalysis with respect to the analysis of depressions, that is, it analyzed the textual materiality of DSM-IV and at the same time, clinical considerations were made about the depressions. Another relevant point on this work was to take the word 'depression' from the significant perspective. In other words, we mean that there is no sense a priori, but in the only after (LACAN, 1998[1964]). The signifier itself as envisioned by Lacan (1998[1964]) and which is inserted in the reflection of Saussurian linguistics, does not represent anything. Thus it became possible to discuss what a discoursive analysis might have to say about the displacement possibilities of discourses about the so-called depressions into ideological determinations which crosses the scientific discourse and its practices

Ce travail de thèse représente une tentative de rationalisation du lexique espagnol en accordant la priorité au signifiant. Inspiré notamment de Pierre Guiraud, nous y avons établi à la suite de Maurice Molho, Didier Bottineau, Georges Bohas ou Dennis Philps, que les mots peuvent ne référer que par la sollicitation d’une partie de leur forme, partie détectable structurellement. Nous avons pris en considération l’ensemble des capacités qualitatives (phones, formant, idéophones, graphèmes, segments) et quantitatives (duplications, répétitions, inversions, homophonies / homographies) de la forme des mots. Nous ne nous sommes donc pas limité à un support sémiologique particulier mais avons conçu le lexique, du fait de sa complexité, comme un organisme de signifiants / signifiés où chaque élément peut entrer en compte pour donner lieu à une motivation (interne ou externe). Nous avons nommé cet élément la saillance, car il s’agit d’une unité résultant d’une focalisation, d’un choix formel pour référer à telle ou telle idée. Nous avons également remarqué, notamment dans des cas d’« homonymie », que plusieurs parties pouvaient être sollicitées et que chacune permettait de renvoyer à un sens distinct. La consubstantialité du signe est donc, de notre point de vue, un principe sauf. La « synonymie » ainsi que la « polysémie » ne sont donc pas non plus des notions pertinentes car chaque terme renvoie d’une manière qui lui est propre à un sens donné. Enfin, nous avons proposé une application, avec des critères similaires, à des énoncés dit « poétiques » où plusieurs actualisations parfois insolites apparaissent mais toujours permises par le langage, par le signifiant. / This thesis represents an attempt of rationalization of the Spanish lexicon giving priority to the signifier. Inspired in particular by Pierre Guiraud, we have established in the wake of Maurice Molho, Didier Bottineau, Georges Bohas or Dennis Philps, that the words can refer by the request of a portion of their shape, detectable structurally. We considered all the qualitative capacities (phones, submorphems, graphemes, segments) and quantitative (duplications, repetitions, reversals, homophonies / homographies) forms of words. We did not thus limited to a particular semiological support but conceived the lexicon, because of its complexity, as an organism of signifiers / signifieds where every element can be important to give rise to a motivation (internal or external). We named this element salience, because it is about a unity which results from a focus, from a formal choice to refer any particular idea. We also noted, especially in cases of "disambiguation", which many parties could be sought and each allowed to refer to a distinct meaning. The consubstantiality of the sign is thus, of our point of view, a pertinent principle. The "synonymy" as well as the "polysemy" are not therefore either relevant notions because every term sends back in a way which is appropriate for its to a given meaning. Finally, we proposed an application, with similar criteria, in "poetics" utterances where several unusual actualizations appear but always permitted by the language, the signifier.

Traditional Chinese woodblock New Year pictures face the danger of being marginalized and disappearing in the context of industrialization and technological development. It is, therefore, imperative to conduct research on traditional New Year pictures to address this challenge. This thesis analyses the content of New Year pictures from four representative bases (Yangliuqing, Taohuawu, Wuqiang, and Mianzhu) in China. The semiotic perspective is selected as a theoretical framework. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of representative New Year pictures, this study identifies commonly used signs in New Year pictures and explores their meanings from the perspectives of connotation and myth. The study also examines the construction relationship between the signifier and the signified of the signs. These findings preliminarily construct the semiotic system for Chinese woodblock New Year pictures. Furthermore, the analytical framework provides an innovative quantitative research approach to the study of traditional New Year picture signs, contributing to the current research on the New Year pictures’ semiotic system. In previous studies, quantitative methods have never been applied to the study of New Year pictures, nor have they been widely used in other similar folk art forms. Distant reading methods from the field of digital humanities open new frontiers in the study of folk art. While visual art may be better suited for traditional close-up reading, computational methods can help capture the overall characteristics of art from a macroscopic perspective.

This thesis investigates the occurrence of a shift in the EU’s narration about the Self and Ukraine after the Russian invasion in 2022. Previous research points toward the EU as having a diminishing outlook on Eastern Europe and constantly keeping Ukraine at arm’s length. Furthermore, the EU has imagined Eastern Europe gazing longingly and admiringly toward the EU. However, this thesis contends there has been a shift in this view regarding Ukraine compared to 2014, after the Russian annexation of Crimea. Theoretically, Europe is conceptualized as a community of values, a signifier, and a lacking subject without a complete identity. This theorizing leaves the demarcation of the EU’s identity borders contingent. The analysis discerns that the EU in 2022 narrates the Self as a project and a dream, with Ukraine displaying European values and vitality to this dream. This narration leaves space for the signifier Europe to expand its scope to Ukraine. The gaze that reflects at the EU is not of naive admiration but of strength and endurance, compelling the EU to narrate Ukraine as part of the Self. Moreover, this changed Ukrainian gaze strengthens the European identity based on values because Ukraine shows that European values are worth dying for.

Do words mirror reality? This question has been at the core of several linguistic disputes for decades. Several scholars have investigated the relationship between the signifier and the signified, and different literary theories suggest different approaches. This study is a close reading analysis of Paul Auster’s City of Glass, a novel that has been the subject of several scholarly studies relating to the role of language. This study aims to analyse the role of signification in the novel seen from a post-structuralist perspective in order to show how Auster problematizes language. Several explicit remarks on language are made from various characters in the novel, each expressing and conveying different language views. Nevertheless, a post-structural view on language wins favour as post-structural ideas and concepts are seen in the narrative language and the constructive level of the text. The analysis shows that Auster uses a post-structural view on language to illustrate the instability of signification in language. Auster problematizes the stability of language in order to illustrate the tentativeness of truth and ambiguity of reality. The language view of the narrator is used to illustrate the mimetic view that language is able to accurately record reality. The mimetic view on language is problematized by using the notebook as a symbol for the relationship between the signifier and the signified. The arbitrariness of language is illustrated through the means of the notebook in order to problematize truth. Auster uses the character of the protagonist Daniel Quinn to illustrate the belief in an essential truth within literature. This view is then problematized by using arbitrariness in the structural level of the text in order to illustrate the relativity of truth. The character of Stillman Sr is used to illustrate the belief of man being able to control language. However, the search for a divine language turns out to be a gnostic and meaningless quest since no cosmic solutions are achieved. The failure of Stillman´s quest is used to argue for the predominance of language over man. Language determines how people perceive truth. The perception of truth and reality is dependent on language. Since language is arbitrary, there is no truth which consists outside of language.

Dånet från den blodtörstiga publiken stegrar, förväntan hänger tungt i luften. Det tidigare välfyllda torget utanför arenan töms så sakteliga på folk när massorna väller in för att ta sina platser. Försäljare och matstånd ropar ut sina erbjudanden, och skräp från de tusentals underhållningssugna ligger strött över marmorplattorna. Här låg tidigare en konstgjord sjö med tillhörande trädgårdar, som fick lämna plats för den politiska ledningens nya skrytbygge – i grund och botten ett populistiskt beslut. Säkerligen knotades bland de i lokalområdet boende, när insikten att tusentals skränande besökare på reguljär basis nu skulle dundra förbi deras hus, och kanske att den vackra utsikten över de omkringliggande kullarna förstördes. “Kunde de inte byggt i stadens utkanter istället, så som man brukar?”, tänker de kanske. “Men å andra sidan, den har något ändå, den där Colosseum”.  Arenor har återfunnits i människors städer i tusentals år. De är platser för skådespel, idrott, musik och övrig kultur. Det som lätt glöms bort är det som händer utanför arenaväggarna. Hur formar lokalmiljö, kommers och arenan varandra, och hur påverkas deras estetik. I detta arbete kommer en kvalitativ fallstudie genomföras där nybyggnationen av den multifunktionella arenan på Studenternas IP i Uppsala studeras. Uppsatsen är kulturgeografisk och tar avstamp i byggnadens arkitektur för att analysera hur renoveringsprocessen har sett ut, vilka drivkrafter hos olika aktörer som har varit centrala, och hur dessa nu påverkar platsen.

No / Drawing on recent critical debates concerning the ontology of leadership, this article outlines a radical rethinking of the concept – not as the study of heroic individuals, skilled practitioners, collaborators or discursive actors – but as the marker of a fundamental and productive lack; a space of absent presence through which individual and collective desires for leadership are given expression. Where current critical debates tend to oscillate between variants of the physical and the social in their analyses, this article considers the potential for a negative ontology of leadership; one in which absence, ideological practices and the operation of empty signifiers form the basis for empirical investigation and critical reflection.

Com o objetivo de analisar a circulação do \'significante adolescência\' no discurso pedagógico, bem como os efeitos provocados por ela na prática pedagógica e educacional, essa pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas complementares. Primeiramente, por meio da \'desconstrução\' do conceito atual de adolescência, buscamos identificar - historicamente - a produção e o estabelecimento do conceito de adolescência, como resultado dos \'saberes\' médicos e psicológicos do final do século XIX e começo do século XX, e da apropriação desses fundamentos \'científicos\' pelo imaginário social. Para isso, embasamo-nos em estudos de teóricos que possibilitaram pensar a história do \'conceito\' de adolescência em termos de continuidade e descontinuidade, como por exemplo, E. Hobsbawn, P. Ariès, G.Levi & J.C. Schmitt e outros. E, na segunda etapa, por meio de dois instrumentos de pesquisa, buscamos identificar, no discurso pedagógico, a circulação do \'significante adolescência\' e os efeitos provocados pela movimentação desse significante na prática pedagógica. Um método foi a análise de entrevistas semi-estruturadas realizadas com professores de adolescentes, e o outro, a categorização e análise de textos das revistas Nova Escola e Educação (período de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2006) que abordam o tema adolescência. Para analisar os dados, recorremos à teoria psicanalítica, pois tal teoria possibilita pensar sobre a educação para além da Pedagogia, sobre a especificidade da relação educativa e sobre o encadeamento significante. Tratamos desse assunto em torno do eixo teórico da conexão entre Psicanálise e Educação. Nesse sentido, embasamos essa análise nos estudos de autores como S. Freud, J. Lacan, B. Fink, S. Lesourd, M. Mannoni, L. Lajonquière, M.C. Kupfer, M.C.C.C. Souza, entre outros. A partir disso, observamos que a circulação do significante adolescência, no discurso pedagógico, se dá a partir de uma \'lamentação\' sistemática sobre a \"impossibilidade\" para a educação dos adolescentes, submetendo os professores a certa \'desorientação\', o que provoca a busca por mais conhecimento sobre a \'adolescência\'. Nessa busca, os professores, comumente, encontram \'explicações\' sobre o que é a adolescência e \'prescrições\' para sua educação, oriundas, normalmente, do campo da Psicologia, e que alimentam o conceito de adolescência no imaginário pedagógico. Nesse sentido, concluímos que a impossibilidade para a educação dos adolescentes está relacionada a movimentação do significante no discurso pedagógico, pois \'demite-se do ato educativo\' em nome de um \'conceito de adolescência\' que faz surgir técnicas específicas para a educação dos adolescentes. / Aiming to analyse the circulation of the \'signifier adolescence\' in the pedagogical discourse, as well as its effects in the educational and pedagogical practice, this research was accomplished in two complementary stages. First, by the \'deconstruction\' of the present concept of adolescence, we tried to identify - historically - the production and the establishment of the concept of adolescence, as a result of the medical and psychological \'learnings\' of the late 19th C and the early 20th C, and the appropriation of this scientific basis by the social imaginary. In order to do that, the paper was based on the studies of theoreticians who enabled us to think about the history of the \'concept\' of adolescence in terms of continuity and discontinuity, for instance, E. Hobsbawn, P. Áries, G. Levi & J.C. Schmitt and others. In the second stage, by means of two research tools, we tried to identify the circulation of the \'signifier adolescence\' in the pedagogical discourse and the effects caused by the movement of the term in the pedagogical practice. One method was the analysis of semi-structured interviews realized with the teachers of adolescents, and the other was the categorization and analysis of texts from the magazines \"Nova Escola\" and \"Educação\" (from January / 2000 to June / 2006), which approached the adolescence issue. To analyse the data, the psychoanalytical theory was searched, since it makes us think about education beyond the realms of pedagogy, about the specificity of the educational relation and the meaningful linkage. This issue was dealt around the theoretical axis between Psychoanalysis and Education. Thus, This analysis was supported by the studies of authors such as S. Freud, J. Lacan, B. Fink, S. Lesourd, M. Mannoni, L. Lajonquière, M.C. Kupfer, M.C.C.C. Souza, among others. From this point, it was observed that the circulation of the \'signifier adolescence\' in the pedagogical discourse happens from a systematic lamentation about the impossibility of educating adolescents, submitting teachers to some \'disorientation\', which causes the search for more knowledge about \'adolescence\'. In this quest, teachers usually find \'explanations\' about what adolescence is and \'precepts\' for its education, normally coming from the field of Psychology, and which contibutes to the concept of adolescence in the pedagogical imaginary. Thus, it may be concluded that the impossibility of educating adolescents is related to the movement of the signifier in the pedagogical discourse, since the educational act is dismissed in the name of a \'concept of adolescence\' which generates specific approaches for the education of adolescents.

As experiências de tratamento no campo da saúde mental infantil com crianças com distúrbios graves, atualmente existentes no país, carecem de avaliações mais precisas de seus modelos clínicos e institucionais para examinar sua efetividade e propiciar a indicação de parâmetros mais detalhados para as exigências desse campo. Esta pesquisa se desenvolveu a partir do trabalho de supervisão dos atendimentos de crianças com distúrbios graves, orientados pela psicanálise Freud-lacaniana, desenvolvido em uma clínica-escola de uma Universidade particular de Psicologia da Bahia. Adotou-se como estratégia clínica a inclusão da escuta a pais e crianças, em sessões separadas, pelo mesmo estagiário de psicologia. A questão central desta pesquisa é apontar que esse dispositivo pode ser implementado e desenvolvido na clínica-escola com esses estagiários. Foram apresentados e discutidos fragmentos de um atendimento clínico, selecionados em função de terem sido os desencadeadores das principais observações e questões clínico-teóricas abordadas. Analisa-se que uma intervenção na loucura a dois que se instala na relação mãe e criança deve ser feita e tem a eficácia de permitir que o traço nomeador da criança se escreva ou acabe de ser escrito. Dessa forma, a separação é o processo visado nessa proposição de trabalho que busca desalojar a criança do lugar de objeto incluído no Outro, e do qual ela condensa o gozo, fazendo surgir um sujeito. Acentua-se que é o trabalho com o significante que permite a quebra da repetição, possibilitando ao sujeito, em uma nova temporalidade, se posicionar ante os significantes que o marcaram. A pesquisa revela sua relevância científica e social, na medida em que indica ser possível a implementação do dispositivo psicanalítico proposto numa clínica-escola de Psicologia, o que aumenta os espaços de atendimento de crianças com distúrbios graves no campo da saúde mental / Current treatment experiences in the field of children\'s mental health for children with severe disorders, in our country, lack of more accurate evaluations of clinical and institutional models to be able to examine their effectiveness and to provide an indication for more detailed parameters for the requirements in this field. This research was developed from clinical supervision of the work with children with severe disorders based on Freud-lacanians psychoanalyses implemented in a psychology school-clinic of a private university at Bahia. We adopted as a clinical strategy the inclusion of psychoanalytic listening to parents and their children, in separate sessions by the same psychology intern. The central contention of this research is that this therapeutic device can be implemented and developed in school-clinic with this interns. Fragments of sessions from a clinic consultation were presented and discussed. These fragments were selected because they trigged the main observations of the clinical and theoretical issues addressed. Our analysis found that an intervention in the shared psychotic disorder in the relationship of mother and child should be made and this is effective in allowing the nominator trace of the child to be written or the writing to be finished. These separation is the main objective of this proposed process, that seeks to change the child from being an object included in another person, in whom she condenses all her jouissance, to a subject in and of itself. We stress that working with the signifier allows them to break the repetition circle, enabling the subjects, in a new temporality, to position themselves before the signifier who has marked them. This research reveals its scientific and social relevance as it indicates that is possible to implement psychoanalytic treatment device in a psychology clinical-school which increases the attendance spaces for children with severe disorders

The thesis traces the construction of the Western Balkans since the end of the armed conflict in 1995. The term Western Balkans has become a commonplace in international politics that refers to a recognisable region on the European map – ignoring that it does not constitute a historical formation of European and Balkan politics. Most contemporary analysis focuses on functional aspects of economic cohesiveness and security interdependence. However, this thesis argues that the concept of Western Balkans is better understood as a social construction, externally-driven. The argument is that the Western Balkans is what the European Union makes of it. By taking a macro-historical perspective, we look at the long and special ties that the EU has had from the time of Yugoslavia to the Western Balkans until the mid-2000s. What we uncover is a special and consistent involvement of the European Commission into the regional affairs. The Western Balkans starts as a small organisational department within the institutional structure of the external relations' portfolio to become a regional identity question for the local populations. Also, the thesis points to the Commission’s actions as not just the outcome of micro-calculations but part of a social context of competing world-views; and, finally, this is the reason that the end-product of the Western Balkans resembles more a messy amalgam rather than a rational design.