Nesta dissertação são apresentadas duas contribuições originais de Silvia Bleichmar em relação a Laplanche: recalque originário e signos de percepção. Partindo das observações de Laplanche sobre a ideia freudiana que considera o inconsciente fundado pelo recalque originário, Silvia Bleichmar ampliou o conceito, produzindo importantes contribuições em comparação ao pensamento freudiano e laplancheano. A autora articulou o recalque originário com os destinos pulsionais anteriores ao recalque, tornando-o um conceito metapsicológico passível de ser observado clinicamente, sobretudo na clínica de crianças. O recalque originário, em Silvia Bleichmar, longe de ser um processo mítico em algum momento, aproxima-se da ideia freudiana de recalque propriamente dito. Para Bleichmar, tal como em Freud, o recalque originário extrai sua força inicial de contrainvestimentos. No entanto, a autora entende que estes contrainvestimentos seriam originados no outro, pela interdição ao autoerotismo infantil. Outra importante contribuição da autora para a psicanálise foi sua conceituação sobre signos de percepção, tradução para a expressão alemã Wahrnehmungszeichen (Wz), usada por Freud em seu modelo de aparelho psíquico apresentado na Carta 52 a Fliess. Laplanche questiona se o termo Zeichen deveria ser entendido como signos ou indícios, fazendo sua escolha pela palavra signos. Para este autor, os signos de percepção se equivalem às mensagens enigmáticas, portanto, seriam portadores de mensagens. Silvia Bleichmar entende que Zeichen seriam indícios, pegadas, marcas, vestígios, huellas (em espanhol), dando ênfase ao caráter indiciário dos signos de percepção. A autora partiu da concepção de Charles S. Peirce sobre signos indiciários para articular sua própria concepção de signos de percepção. Para a autora, estes seriam as primeiras inscrições pulsionais que podem permanecer no psiquismo como arcaico se não transcritas ou as inscrições advindas de traumatismos severos, a qualquer momento, que ficam igualmente sem possibilidade de transcrição no psiquismo. Assim, o arcaico seria formado pelos signos de percepção que permanecem sem transcrições enquanto o originário seria o conteúdo do inconsciente originariamente recalcado / Two original Silvia Bleichmars contributions to Laplanche are presented in this essay: the primal repression and the perceptual signs. Stemming from Laplanches observations on the Freudian conception that considers the unconscious founded by the primal repression, Silvia Bleichmar expanded the concept, producing important contributions in comparison to the Freudian and the Laplanchean lines of thought. The author connected the primal repression to the Freudian destinies of the drive (instinct) existing prior to repression, which made it a metapsychological concept subject to clinical observation, most of all in the work with children. In Silvia Bleichmars thinking, far from being a mythical process at some point, the primal repression is close to the Freudian idea of repression itself. To Bleichmar, as well as to Freud, the primal repression extracts its initial strength from anticathexes. Nevertheless, the author believes that these anticathexes stem from the other through the interdiction of child auto-erotism. Another important contribution of the author to psychoanalysis was her conceptualization of perceptual signs, which is a translation of the German expression Wahrnehmungszeichen (Wz), used by Freud in his model of psychic apparatus presented in the Letter 52 to Fliess. Laplanche questions if the term Zeichen should be understood as signs or indexes, preferring the word signs. For him, the perceptual signs are equivalent to the enigmatic messages, therefore they would be message carriers. Silvia Bleichmar believes that Zeichen are indexes, footprints, marks, vestiges, huellas (in Spanish), emphasizing the indexing character of the perceptual signs. Therefore, deriving from Charles S. Peirces conception of indexing signs, the author built her own conception of perceptual signs. For her, these would be the first drive inscriptions that may remain in the psyche as archaic if not transcript, as well as the inscriptions stemming from severe trauma, at any point, which equally remain without transcription in the psyche. Hence, the archaic would be composed by the perceptual signs that remain without transcriptions whereas the primal would be the content of the primally repressed unconscious

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors which can influence the emergence of high musical ability during the developmental process of musical talent achievement, comparing students in Seoul (Korea) and those in Sydney (Australia). The main focuses of the investigation concern the comparison of musical giftedness demonstrated in early childhood, the developmental process, and various factors, such as the environmental and intrapersonal, which can affect the emergence of talent, especially in those of different cultural backgrounds. For this purpose, Gagn????s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT, Gagn??, 2003) was adopted as an analytical tool for the present study, in particular for empirical research. A total number of 137 students and 88 parents participated in this research. Student participants consisted of two groups: young musicians aged below 10 who show high musical achievements; and teenage students who are musically superior. All students completed a questionnaire, and their parents also completed a questionnaire. Data showed some significant differences between students in the two countries. Three research instruments are employed based on Harnischmacher (1997). SCI (the Self-Concept Scale of Instrumental Abilities), GOP (Goal Orientation of Practice) and EAD (External Action Distraction) were included in the student questionnaire in order to examine intrapersonal catalysts (motivation) which can affect the developmental process of musical talent. A significant difference was found in SCI between countries. Self-concept of student groups in Sydney was significantly higher than that of students in Seoul among all age groups concerning musical abilities. However, there were no significant differences in GOP and EAD between students in Seoul and Sydney. Other differences emerged concerning the role of parents, expenditure on music lessons, time spent on practice, and environmental factors. In particular, cultural milieu was revealed as one of important environmental factors in the present study.

This study aims to furnish a semiotic reading of Sydney's Chinatown by analysing the environmental meanings codified in that particular context. The basic unit of analysis is the shop sign. Some features underlying sign formations in Sydney's Chinatown are identified and the communication process involved in its organisation of meanings and space is explored. The thesis is organised into three parts. The first part gives an introduction to the background of study and examines theories on architectural semiotics and its relation to visual communication. It consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 defines the scope of the study and outlines the objectives and goals of research. Chapter 2 focuses on two related fields of architectural semiotics, viz. semiotics of objects and semiotics of space. Evaluation of semiotic approaches and behavioural science approaches to the study of objects and space is made. Some of the theories discussed are applied to give a profile of shop signs from a visual semiotic perspective. In Chapter 3 a description of the methods of research and an outline of the analytical framework of this study are given. The two chapters of Part Two provide some background information on various conceptions of "Chinatown". Chapter 4 discusses the development features of Chinatowns in North America, which reveal that there are divergent perceptions of Chinatowns. Chapter 5 describes the development of Sydney's Chinatown and underlines some of its distinctive features. In Part Three the results of the study are presented. Chapter 6 focuses on the codification of meanings realised in Sydney's Chinatown. Chapter 7 is concerned with elements of sign formations and examines the communicative functions of shop signs in the Chinatown context. The analyses made in these chapters are intended to identify some features of sign formations in Sydney's Chinatown within an architectonic system. The thesis concludes with a summary of the study and a discussion of the applicability of architectural semiotic theories. It is suggested that further study can be pursued in the direction that contributes to an understanding of architectonic systems and social communication.

The nursing practice of monitoring patients in the post-operative (PO) phase upon returning to the general ward setting has traditionally consisted of the systematic collection of vital signs and observation of other aspects of the patient's recovery. For the most part the primary focus of this monitoring has been the detection of post-operative complications. There is a need for more substantive evidence to support an appropriate frequency of post-operative observation. The aim of this research was to identify if the current practice of PO vital sign collection detects PO complications in the first 24 hours after the patient has returned to the general ward setting. Due to the complex world in which nurses practice the research was undertaken using a combination of methods within a triangulated approach to collect data. A survey of 75 hospitals providing a surgical service enabled a description of the current models of PO monitoring as found in policy documents to be made. The majority of hospitals (91%) described a variety of regulated regimens for the collection of PO observations, with the most common for vital sign collection (27%) as hourly for the first four hours and then four hourly. An observation of 282 patient hours in two surgical wards identified the current practice of PO monitoring involved nurses collecting vital signs hourly for the first four hours, three hourly for the next eight hours and then every four hours. This was despite the existence of different models being described in the policies. The records of 144 patients were audited to identify what, if any, nursing interventions detected changes in a patient's recovery and to determine whether a relationship existed between vital sign collection and the detection of complications. It was found that the complications that occurred were minor in nature, occurred infrequently, and did not have a relationship with changes in vital signs. This research found that there was no relationship between the frequency of the collection of vital signs and the occurrence or detection of complications. PO observations were collected by nurses based on traditional patterns, were collected routinely, were ritualised and were not determined by individual clinician expertise or the needs of the individual patient. Recommendations are made regarding the need for a systematic program of research and alternative models of patient observation that focus on patient need rather than organisational need and that provide more efficient and effective practice in monitoring PO patient progress. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Medicine, 2003.

Bibliography: leaves 230-294. / xiii, 294 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Analyses in detail a native small fragment of hCG/[beta] hCG subunit, the [beta]-core hCG fragment which is found in large amounts in urine and may be of clinical importance. The aims were to purify the fragment, analyse its protein and carbohydrate structure, develop direct assay methods for its measurement, and to examine it's distribution in body fluids and it's relationship with the intact hCG molecule during pregnancy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1993

<p>Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vilka tecken en sjuksköterska bör vara vaksam på för att kunna identifiera barnmisshandel. Författarna hade även som syfte att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan upplever identifieringen av misshandlade barn. Litteratursökning gjordes i Medline via PubMed samt manuellt. Totalt valdes 20 artiklar till resultatet. Av resultatet i litteraturstudien framkom att misshandlade barn i stor utsträckning uppvisar både fysiska och psykiska tecken. De vanligaste fysiska tecknen var enligt föreliggande studie multipla blåmärken och frakturer. Psykiska tecken kunde yttra sig i att barnet uppvisar samarbets- och koncentrationssvårigheter samt att det genom kroppsspråket uppvisar rädsla, aggressivitet och passivitet. Avvikelser i familjens beteende kunde göra sjuksköterskan uppmärksam på att något inte står rätt till. Detta kunde yttra sig i att familjen beskriver tillvaron som bättre än vad den är. Brister i interaktionen mellan barn och föräldrar förekom i form av att barnet på olika sätt förtrycks och inte tillåts vara ett barn. Vanligt förekommande var också att föräldrarnas beskrivning av händelsen inte stämmer överens med barnets skador.</p><p>Genom föreliggande studie framkom ett flertal socioekonomiska riskfaktorer för barnmisshandel, till exempel kort utbildning, arbetslöshet och finansiella problem. Vad det avsåg sjuksköterskans upplevelser i mötet med barn som misshandlats visar studien att svårigheter förekommer i form av osäkerhet kring anmälan och identifiering, grundat på brister i utbildning och kunskap. Vid identifiering av barnmisshandel använde sig sjuksköterskan av sin erfarenhet och sina färdigheter inom observation och interaktion.</p> / <p>The purpose of this literature review was to describe which signs that should draw the nurse’s attention in order for her to be able to identify child abuse. The writer’s second purpose was to describe how the nurse experiences the identification of an abused child. Literature search was done in Medline via PubMed as well as manually. In total a number of 20 articles were chosen. Through the literature review it appeared that abused children prove to have both physical and mental signs. The most common physical signs were multiple bruises and fractures. Mentally, child abuse could express itself through the child showing lack of cooperation and concentration as well as showing fear, aggression and passivity. Deviations in the behaviour of the family could make the nurse observant. This could express itself through the family describing their situation as much better than it is. Failure in interaction between children and parents could occur through oppressing actions and not allowing the child to act their age. Commonly occurring was also that there is an inconsistency between the history of the event and the injury. A number of socio-economic risk factors for child abuse did appear, for example low education, unemployment and financial difficulties. As it regards the nurse’s experiences in meeting abused children the study showed that difficulties may occur in forms of uncertainty surrounding reporting and identification, based on lack of education and knowledge. When identifying child abuse the nurse was using her experiences and her skills through observation and interaction.</p>

<p><strong>Sammanfattning</strong></p><p>Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka och beskriva hur hjärtinfarktsymtom yttrar sig och upplevs av kvinnor och vilka atypiska symtom sjuksköterskan bör vara uppmärksam på i mötet med kvinnor i sjukvården. En beskrivande litteraturstudie genomfördes där vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ och kvantitativ karaktär analyserades. Huvudresultatet visade att central bröstsmärta var ett vanligt rapporterat symtom men att många kvinnor inte hade bröstsmärta som det enda och huvudsakliga symtomet. Kvinnor tenderade mer ofta än män att uppleva besvär från käke, hals och nacke. Rygg och skulderbladsmärta visade sig förekomma i liknande utsträckning som bröstsmärta hos kvinnor med hjärtinfarkt. Extrem trötthet tillsammans med dyspné var två av de mest frekvent rapporterade <em>tidiga</em> teckenen vid hjärtinfarkt, dessa upplevdes ofta lång tid innan hjärtinfarkten men var för kvinnorna svåra att sammankoppla med hjärtinfarkt. Illamående och kräkning var frekvent rapporterande symtom som framför allt visade sig i den akuta fasen av hjärtinfarkt. Svettningar i kombination med andra symtom var också vanligt i den akuta fasen av hjärtinfarkten, kraftig svettning var något som fick kvinnor att reagera på att något var allvarligt fel och det påverkade kvinnors beslut att söka sjukvård.</p> / <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The aim of this literature study was to explore and describe how the heart attack symptoms manifested and were experienced by women and the atypical symptoms the nurse should be alert to when meeting women in health care. A descriptive literature review was conducted in which scientific papers of qualitative and quantitative characteristics were analyzed. The main results showed that central chest pain was a commonly reported symptom, but that many women did not have it as the only and main symptom. Women tended more often than men to experience symptoms of jaw, neck and throat. Back and shoulder pain were found to occur in a similar extent as chest pain in women with myocardial infarction. Extreme fatigue with dyspnoea' were two frequently reported early signs of heart attack, often felt long before the heart attack but difficult for women to connect with myocardial infarction. Nausea and vomiting were symptoms that mainly appeared in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Sweating in combination with other symptoms were also common in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, excessive sweating was something that got women to respond to that something was seriously wrong and it affected women's decisions to seek care.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of the study was to examine if manual signs used as support to spoken and written language can be a god mnemonic for learning of word-pictures. I performed my study as an experiment in which I made a Memory game with word-pictures. I played the game with the children twice. The first time, we played without manual signs and the second time I used sign as a support. I observed the children and noted the words they learned to read with and without the support of manual signs. The result showed that most of the children remembered the word-pictures better if I also used manual signs. The conclusion I made was that manual signs can be a support in early reading development. It does not suit all children so you have to be sensitive to the different strategies used by the children.</p>

The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the predictive value of quantitative MRI disc displacement for changes of TMD signs and symptoms in a pre-orthodontic adolescent patient sample. The sample consisted of fifty-five adolescent patients who had baseline temporomandibular joint MRI and longitudinal clinical records of TMD signs and symptoms. Thirty-eight were females and seventeen were males. The mean age was 12.9 ±1.6 years (range 7.4-16.6). Our analysis revealed that MRI right disc displacement has significant association with changes of ipsilateral joint locking. However, predictive value of disc displacement for changes of joint locking could not be analyzed due to small sample size. Nevertheless, MRI right disc displacement can distinguish subjects with persistent ipsilateral clicking from those who were persistently free of clicking from T1 to T2. These findings indicate that clinical assessment of right joint clicking is consistent with MRI determination of disc displacement.

Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.