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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Histone deacetylases and their co-regulators in schizosaccharomyces pombe /

Silverstein, Rebecca Ann, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
192

Gene silencing in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following a biolistics approach

Fisher, Nadia Mitilda 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global food security is hampered by a variety of insects/pest and plant diseases. In wheat, the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) is a significant pest problem in many areas of the world. Wheat has developed defensive mechanisms against the RWA over time which are activated upon feeding. One such mechanism is the hypersensitive response (HR) which is effective against phloem-feeding insects i.e. D. noxia (Diuraphis noxia, Kurdjumov, RWA). In this study, two genes associated with the hypersensitive response i.e. ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S transferase (GSTF6b) were investigated to elucidate their function in the defensive mechanism of wheat using a reverse genetic approach i.e. particle bombardment. This study has succeeded in the established of a tissue culture and transformation system which generated three genetically modified wheat plants with decreased resistance to RWA feeding due to gene silencing. The establishment of this system enabled to test the association of defensive related genes in wheat to RWA resistance. Expression analysis performed on obtained transgenics before and after RWA infestation reavealed that the silenced plants were more susceptible to RWA feeding. Chlorosis was observed in the Gamtoos-S-APX transgenic plant which is an indicator of oxidative damage to the photosynthetic machinery of the plant. Decreased GSTF6b transcripts was found in the transgenic Gamtoos-S-GSTF6b and transgenic Gamtoos-R-GSTF6b transgenic plants but no visible symptoms of infestation was observed in these two plants. Resistance breeding could be strengthened by developing broad spectrum resistance plants by incorporating wheat defensive related genes with known function into the breeding programs. The use of this transformation system will allow rapid identification and introduction of agronomically important genes by upregulating these genes to enhance bread wheat against aphid infestation.
193

Příprava biosenzoru tvorby miRNA efektorového komplexu pomocí CRISPR nukleáz / Creating a biosensor for miRNA effector complex formation using CRISPR nucleases

Petržílek, Jan January 2018 (has links)
miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs, which function as post-transcriptional mRNA regulators. They direct ribonucleoprotein complexes to cognate mRNA to repress them by translational inhibition and degradation. miRNAs regulate thousands of mRNAs in mammals and have been recognized as regulatory factors in most cellular and developmental processes. Dysregulation of the miRNA pathway can lead to severe defects and diseases. Interestingly, a unique situation exists in mouse oocytes, where all the miRNA pathway components are present, yet the pathway is dispensable and nonfunctional, the molecular foundation of this phenomenon and its significance still remain unclear. In spite of the pronounced effects of the miRNA pathway in gene regulation in somatic cells, study strategies of the pathway bare limitations. Current methods for studying the activity of the miRNA pathway employ corelative studies (such as NGS) or reporter assays, which have relatively low throughput and are prone to artifacts. Here, I present design and development of a new strategy for directly monitor global miRNA pathway activity and integrity in near physiological conditions in living cells, which could also be employed in vivo for studies of mouse oocytes. The strategy is based on fluorescently tagged endogenous proteins of the...
194

Impactos do silenciamento do RNA não codificante PCA3 em células de câncer de próstata

Goulart, Ana Emília January 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Priscila Nascimento (priscila.nascimento@bio.fiocruz.br) on 2016-04-11T17:27:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado em Oncologia - INCa Ana Emília Goulart.pdf: 3332973 bytes, checksum: abe7cedda85b0558a252f168374ab1f4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Priscila Nascimento (priscila.nascimento@bio.fiocruz.br) on 2016-04-11T17:28:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado em Oncologia - INCa Ana Emília Goulart.pdf: 3332973 bytes, checksum: abe7cedda85b0558a252f168374ab1f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-11T17:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado em Oncologia - INCa Ana Emília Goulart.pdf: 3332973 bytes, checksum: abe7cedda85b0558a252f168374ab1f4 (MD5) / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Tecnológico em Imunobiológicos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Introdução: O PCA3 é um RNA não codificante (ncRNA), expresso especificamente na próstata, estando envolvido no controle da sobrevivência de células de carcinoma de próstata (CaP), através da via de sinalização do receptor de androgênio (AR). Objetivo: Investigar se diversos genes relacionados ao câncer – incluindo os envolvidos na Transição Epitelial Mesenquimal (EMT), os que apresentam potencial stemness e os co-reguladores do AR – podem estar envolvidos no processo de resposta ao silenciamento do PCA3. Além disso, objetivamos promover o silenciamento estável do PCA3 através da construção de um vetor lentiviral carreando short hairpin RNA (shRNA) específico para este ncRNA, vislumbrando estratégias terapêuticas para o CaP. Metodologia: Empregamos small interfering RNA (siRNA) ou shRNA com expressão baseada em vetores lentivirais para diminuir a expressão de PCA3 em células LNCaP e avaliar os efeitos deste silenciamento na sobrevivência destas células. Para isto, analisamos por qRT-PCR a expressão do PCA3 e de diversos genes relacionados ao câncer. Utilizamos microscopia confocal para analisar a expressão da proteína vimentina. Empregamos citometria de fluxo para verificar o percentual de células LNCaP GFP+ e, azul de tripan para avaliar o número de células viáveis, após o silenciamento estável do PCA3. Resultados: Dentre os co-reguladores do AR, ARA 70, ARA 54, Smad3 e EBP1 apresentaram expressão aumentada nas células LNCaP interferidas com siPCA3 em relação às células LNCaP interferidas com siScrbl, enquanto Smad 4 e ciclina D1 apresentaram expressão diminuída. Dentre 84 genes relacionados ao câncer, 16 apresentaram expressão alterada em células LNCaP- siPCA3 em relação ao controle. Destes, 30% codificam moléculas de transdução de sinais e fatores de transcrição. Observou-se expressão aumentada de E-caderina, Claudina-3, Citoqueratina-18, Snail, Twist e Slug em células LNCaP -siPCA3 em relação ao controle, enquanto observou-se expressão diminuída de Claudina-4, Citoqueratina-8 e Vimentina. O padrão de marcação de vimentina foi similar em células LNCaP – siPCA3 e células LNCaP – siScrbl. Não foi detectada a expressão de genes com potencial stemness nas condições testadas. Células transduzidas com vetores lentivirais carreando shPCA3 apresentaram diminuição estável da expressão do PCA3. Foi observada redução estável de cerca de 60% de células LNCaP GFP+ transduzidas com shPCA3, além de redução no número de células viáveis. Conclusão: O silenciamento do PCA3 reduz o número de células viáveis, através de um processo que envolve moléculas de transdução de sinais e fatores de transcrição que podem orquestrar a sobrevivência das células de CaP. A diminuição no número de células viáveis após a transfecção com siPCA3 parece não ser modulada pelo programa EMT clássico, embora a reversão parcial deste programa possa estar regulando a diminuição da sobrevivência celular induzida por siPCA3. A desregulação da expressão de coreguladores do AR observada pode estar envolvida na inibição da expressão dos genes alvo do AR. Nossos dados sugerem que este ncRNA desempenha papel regulador na transcrição gênica, sendo capaz de modular a expressão de genes de diversas vias de sinalização relacionadas ao câncer. Nossos resultados sugerem ainda que a redução estável do PCA3 apresenta potencial aplicação em estratégia terapêuticas que visem modular negativamente a sobrevivência das células de CaP. / Introduction: PCA3 is a prostate specific non coding RNA (ncRNA), involved in the control of prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival, through modulating androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Objective: In order to better characterize the molecular mechanisms by which PCA3 is controlling LNCaP cell survival, we aimed to investigate whether several cancer related genes, including those involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness potential and AR co-regulators could be involved in this process in response to PCA3 downregulation. Moreover, we aimed to promote PCA3 stable silencing through a lentiviral vector containing a PCA3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specific sequence. Methodology: We used small interfering RNA (siRNA) or lentivirus vectorbased shRNA to downregulate PCA3 expression and evaluate the effects of this ncRNA knockdown on LNCaP cell survival. After PCA3 downregulation, cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR to investigate PCA3 and several cancer related genes expression. Confocal microscopy was performed to analyze vimentin expression. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the percentage of LNCaP GFP positive cells and trypan blue staining to analyse the number of viable cells after PCA3 stable silencing. Results: Among AR co-regulators genes investigated, ARA70, ARA54, Smad 3 and EBP1 were upregulated in siPCA3- transfected cells in relation to scramble sequence LNCaP transfected cells, while Smad 4 and cyclin D1 were downregulated. We found that among 84 cancer-related genes tested, 16 were differentially expressed in LNCaP siPCA3-transfected cells when compared to transfected cells with a scramble sequence. Of these, 30% are genes coding for signal transduction molecules and transcription factors. Gene expression profile of EMT-related genes revealed that E-cadherin, Claudin-3, Cytokeratin-18, Snail, Twist and Slug are upregulated in LNCaP siPCA3-transfected cells compared to control, while Claudin-4, Cytokeratin-8 and Vimentin are downregulated. Vimentin expression staining patterns were similar between LNCaP siPCA3-transfect cells and control. Expression of stemness markers were not detected in these tested conditions. LNCaP cells transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying the GFP gene and shPCA3 stably dowregulated PCA3 expression, producing a reduction of 60% of LNCaP GFP+ cells compared to shScrbl transduced or non-transduced LNCaP cells. In addition, the number of viable cells was reduced after PCA3 stable silencing. Conclusion: PCA3 downregulation by RNAi leads to a loss of viability, through a process that involves key signal transduction molecules and transcription factors that could orchestrate PCa cells survival. Our results also suggested that the decrease in the number of LNCaP viable cells, observed after siPCA3 transfection, seems to don´t be modulated by the classical EMT program, although a partial reversion of this program could regulate the reduction of cell survival induced by siPCA3. Observed deregulated expression of AR co-regulators could be involved in the inhibition of the AR target genes expression. Our data suggest that that this ncRNA perform a regulatory role in gene expression, being able to modulate gene expression of several signaling pathways related to cancer. Moreover, our results suggest that the stable downregulation of PCA3 expression shows potential as a PCa therapeutic approach by negatively modulation cell survival.
195

Margens silenciadas : arte colaborativa e a busca por protagonismo

Graça, Luiza Abrantes da January 2016 (has links)
Esta pesquisa de mestrado discute, através de autores enraizados nas artes visuais e também em outras arenas, como a sociologia e a antropologia, as relações interpessoais em dois trabalhos coletivos e colaborativos de arte, focando nos papéis que cada agente exerce nas produções e questionando se há a presença de suas particularidades sociais e culturais nestas práticas. Focando-se nos coletivos Sopapo de Mulheres, de Porto Alegre, e Dulcinéia Catadora, de São Paulo, ambos compostos por mulheres, a presente dissertação questiona como estas duas práticas agregam às suas agendas as peculiaridades, os devires de cada agente, e como estas negociações possibilitam trabalhos de arte pautados na colaboração e protagonismo de suas integrantes. Buscando diálogos com outros trabalhos em arte colaborativa realizados em território brasileiro, são levantados pressupostos a respeito da progressiva produção de trabalhos de teor colaborativo em zonas periféricas no país, bem como as modificações que seus locais de origem e inserção sofrem após agenciamentos que modificam partilhas comuns, rearranjando papéis e criando novas audiências. / This master research discuss, through authors from the visual arts and other areas, such as sociology and anthropology, the interpersonal relationships in two collective and collaborative works, focusing in the roles that each one practice in the productions and questioning if their social and cultural peculiarities are present in these activities. Focusing in the collective groups Sopapo de Mulheres, from Porto Alegre, and Dulcinéia Catadora, from São Paulo, both formed by women, the present master thesis question how these two groups assemble to their agendas the particularities, becomings, of each person, and how these negotiations enable art works based in the collaboration and leading role of its members. Pursuing a dialogue with other studies about collaborative art made in Brazil, assumptions are raised about the progressive production of collaborative works in the country’s suburb zones, as well as the transformations that their origin and context place suffer after agency services modify ordinary distributions, rearranging roles and creating new audiences.
196

Margens silenciadas : arte colaborativa e a busca por protagonismo

Graça, Luiza Abrantes da January 2016 (has links)
Esta pesquisa de mestrado discute, através de autores enraizados nas artes visuais e também em outras arenas, como a sociologia e a antropologia, as relações interpessoais em dois trabalhos coletivos e colaborativos de arte, focando nos papéis que cada agente exerce nas produções e questionando se há a presença de suas particularidades sociais e culturais nestas práticas. Focando-se nos coletivos Sopapo de Mulheres, de Porto Alegre, e Dulcinéia Catadora, de São Paulo, ambos compostos por mulheres, a presente dissertação questiona como estas duas práticas agregam às suas agendas as peculiaridades, os devires de cada agente, e como estas negociações possibilitam trabalhos de arte pautados na colaboração e protagonismo de suas integrantes. Buscando diálogos com outros trabalhos em arte colaborativa realizados em território brasileiro, são levantados pressupostos a respeito da progressiva produção de trabalhos de teor colaborativo em zonas periféricas no país, bem como as modificações que seus locais de origem e inserção sofrem após agenciamentos que modificam partilhas comuns, rearranjando papéis e criando novas audiências. / This master research discuss, through authors from the visual arts and other areas, such as sociology and anthropology, the interpersonal relationships in two collective and collaborative works, focusing in the roles that each one practice in the productions and questioning if their social and cultural peculiarities are present in these activities. Focusing in the collective groups Sopapo de Mulheres, from Porto Alegre, and Dulcinéia Catadora, from São Paulo, both formed by women, the present master thesis question how these two groups assemble to their agendas the particularities, becomings, of each person, and how these negotiations enable art works based in the collaboration and leading role of its members. Pursuing a dialogue with other studies about collaborative art made in Brazil, assumptions are raised about the progressive production of collaborative works in the country’s suburb zones, as well as the transformations that their origin and context place suffer after agency services modify ordinary distributions, rearranging roles and creating new audiences.
197

Poly(amino ether) based Polymeric and Nanoparticle Systems for Nucleic Acid Delivery and Bioimaging

January 2014 (has links)
abstract: Gold nanoparticles have emerged as promising nanomaterials for biosensing, imaging, photothermal treatment and therapeutic delivery for several diseases, including cancer. We have generated poly(amino ether)-functionalized gold nanorods (PAE-GNRs) using a layer-by-layer deposition approach. Sub-toxic concentrations of PAE-GNRs were employed to deliver plasmid DNA to prostate cancer cells in vitro. PAE-GNRs generated using 1,4C-1,4Bis, a cationic polymer from our laboratory demonstrated significantly higher transgene expression and exhibited lower cytotoxicities when compared to similar assemblies generated using 25 kDa poly(ethylene imine) (PEI25k-GNRs), a current standard for polymer-mediated gene delivery. Additionally, sub-toxic concentrations of 1,4C-1,4Bis-GNR nanoassemblies were employed to deliver expression vectors that express shRNA ('shRNA plasmid') against firefly luciferase gene in order to knock down expression of the protein constitutively expressed in prostate cancer cells. The roles of poly(amino ether) chemistry and zeta-potential in determining transgene expression efficacies of PAE-GNR assemblies were investigated. The theranostic potential of 1,4C-1,4Bis-GNR nanoassemblies was demonstrated using live cell two-photon induced luminescence bioimaging. The PAE class of polymers was also investigated for the one pot synthesis of both gold and silver nanoparticles using a small library poly(amino ethers) derived from linear-like polyamines. Efficient nanoparticle synthesis dependent on concentration of polymers as well as polymer chemical composition is demonstrated. Additionally, the application of poly(amino ether)-gold nanoparticles for transgene delivery is demonstrated in 22Rv1 and MB49 cancer cell lines. Base polymer, 1,4C-1,4Bis and 1,4C-1,4Bis templated and modified gold nanoparticles were compared for transgene delivery efficacies. Differences in morphology and physiochemical properties were investigated as they relate to differences in transgene delivery efficacy. There were found to be minimal differences suggestion that 1,4C-1,4Bis efficacy is not lost following use for nanoparticle modification. These results indicate that poly(amino ether)-gold nanoassemblies are a promising theranostic platform for delivery of therapeutic payloads capable of simultaneous gene silencing and bioimaging. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Bioengineering 2014
198

Estudo de possiveis aplicações médicas da interferencia por RNA / RNA interference: studies on possible medical applications

Pereira, Tiago Campos 07 August 2005 (has links)
Orientadores: Iscia Teresinha Lopes-Cendes, Ivan de Godoy Maia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T19:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_TiagoCampos_D.pdf: 3895694 bytes, checksum: d999bfc92e9a2e2c757db34bbfc7d7fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
199

Uso da interferencia por RNA no virus da hepatite murina tipo 3 (MHV-3) / RNA interference in MHV-3

Grippo, Mariangela Carnivalli 25 April 2006 (has links)
Orientadores: Iscia Teresinha Lopes-Cendes, Rovilson Gilioli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T01:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grippo_MariangelaCarnivalli_D.pdf: 1241429 bytes, checksum: 5f05623ad1e884a0014d2eca9109fb9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A interferência do RNA (RNAi) pode ser usada como uma ferramenta eficaz no silenciamento gênico específico mediado por moléculas de dupla fita de RNA (dsRNAs). Nesse contexto possui uma variedade de aplicações biológicas, incluindo o combate a patógenos infecciosos de importância biomédica. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a eficiência e a especificidade da técnica de RNAi em eliminar o vírus da hepatite murina tipo 3 (MIN-3) in vitro. MHVs são vírus envelopados, cujo genoma é formado por uma cadeia de RNA fita simples (+) pertecentes a família Coronaviridae. Seu genoma codifica quatro proteínas estruturais: S (proteína da espícula); M (glicoproteína da transmembrana), N (proteína do nucleocapsídeo) e E (proteína associada à membrana) . Neste trabalho foi escolhido como alvo para o silenciamento gênico a proteína N, tendo sido produzidas moléculas de dsRNA complementares a sua seqüência genômica (GenBank AF 201929). Foram obtidas duas moléculas siRNAs transcritas por T7 RNA polimerase e uma terceira molécula interferente sintetizada comercialmente. Foi observado que os siRNAs produzidos pela transcrição in vitro, induziram uma resposta antiviral não específica. Além disso demonstrou-se que este efeito foi mediado através de substâncias secretadas no meio de cultura celular, provavelmente interferons (IFNs). Este efeito foi eficientemente eliminado após tratamento dos siRNAs com fosfatase alcalina. Observou-se também que a técnica de RNAi in vitro, tendo como alvo a proteína N de MHV-3, foi um tratamento eficaz e específico na infecção viral, confirmados através de estudos fenotípicos e moleculares. Desse modo, concluímos que experiências que utilizam RNAi contra alvos virais devem ser cuidadosamente monitoradas devido aos efeitos não específicos que podem ser induzidos por moléculas de dsRNA / Abstract: RNA Interference (RNAi) can be used as a powerful tool for post transcriptional gene-silencing mediated by double stranded RNA (dsRNAs) molecules. RNAi has a variety of biological applications including the combat against pathogens of biomedical importance. The objective of our study was to determine the efficiency and specificity of this new technique in eliminating mouse hepatitis virus type 3 (MIN-3) in vitro. MIN-3 is a subtype of enveloped viroses with a large plus-stranded RNA genome belonging to the Coronavirus family. Its genome codifies four structural proteins: S (spike protein); M (membrane protein); E (transmembrane glycoprotein); N (nucleocapsid protein). In the present study we target protein N by designing and producing dsRNA molecules complementary to its genomic sequence (GenBank AF 201929). We obtained three small interfering RNAs (siRNA) by in house T7 polymerase in vitro transcription and a fourth siRNA molecule that was commercially synthetized. We identified that siRNAs produced by in vitro transcription triggered a potent and sequence-unspecificied antiviral response. In addition, we demonstrated that this antiviral effect was mediated through molecules that were secreted in medium culture, probably interferons (IFNs). This unspecific effect was efficient1y suppressed when siRNAs were treated with aIkaline phosphatase prior to in vitro experiments. We also observed that RNAi targeting the N protein ofMIN-3 was a potent and specific treatment against in vitro infection, showing significant phenotypic protection and molecular evidence of specific gene-silencing. We concluded that experiments using RNAi against viral targets, although efficient, must be carefully controlled and monitored against possible sequence-unspecific effects triggered by dsRNA molecules / Doutorado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
200

Silenciamento gênico por RNAi em Moniliophthora perniciosa / Genic silencing by RNA in Moniliophthora perniciosa

Santos, Ana Cristina Caribé dos 16 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Michel Georges Albert Vincentz, Júlio Cézar de Mattos Cascardo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T03:26:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_AnaCristinaCaribedos_D.pdf: 6201793 bytes, checksum: ec32c93bb2e8f1111e029a6a82d77abd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O fungo Moniliophthora perniciosa, agente causal da doença "vassoura-de-bruxa" (VB) do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) é responsável pela diminuição da produção de cacau no Brasil e em outras regiões da América do Sul e Central. Esse decréscimo está diretamente associado a graves problemas sociais e ambientais, particularmente nas regiões amazônica e Sul da Bahia. A interação cacau-M. perniciosa envolve mecanismos genéticos complexos e pouco estudados em nível molecular. Portanto, este trabalho objetivou estabelecer uma metodologia de silenciamento gênico por RNA de interferência (RNAi) em M. perniciosa, visando análises funcionais de genes relacionados à sua patogenicidade. RNAi é uma eficiente ferramenta para reprimir a expressão gênica experimentalmente, portanto, uma alternativa tecnológica muito promissora. Devido ao fato de RNAi ser um mecanismo pós-transcricional que promove o silenciamento de genes com alta especificidade e de modo sistêmico é considerado uma ferramenta versátil para o estudo de fungos filamentosos heterocarióticos. O trabalho foi conduzido em três etapas integradas: 1) estabelecimento e avaliação das condições adequadas para eletroporação e regeneração de protoplastos de M. perniciosa, como método alternativo para a transfecção de DNA e de dsRNAs nos experimentos de transformação e de silenciamento do fungo, respectivamente; 2) produção de uma linhagem transgênica de M. perniciosa que expresse o gene heterólogo gfp e o estabelecimento da metodologia de silenciamento por RNAi, usando o gene gfp como modelo; 3) silenciamento mediado por dsRNAs de dois genes endógenos de M. perniciosa, vinculados a detoxificação de ROS e a produção de corpos de frutificação. Os parâmetros que promoveram a maior freqüência de regeneração dos protoplastos eletroporados foram a aplicação de um pulso de 1.5 kV. Em relação à transformação de M. perniciosa, o gene repórter gfp foi estavelmente introduzido no genoma do fungo e posteriormente silenciado por transfecção de gfpdsRNA sintetizado in vitro, comprovando a operacionalidade do mecanismo de RNAi em M. perniciosa. Em adição, os genes endógenos MpPRX1 e MpHYD que codificam para peroxiredoxina e hidrofobina, respectivamente, foram silenciados, usando dsRNAs específicos e apresentaram níveis reduzidos de mRNAs que variaram de 18% a 98% quando comparados aos controles. O silenciamento dos genes gfp e MpPRX1 foi corroborado pela redução da fluorescência de GFP e da atividade da peroxidase, bem como da sobrevivência do micélio submetido a H2O2, respectivamente. O silenciamento de gfp e de MpPRX1 persistiu por aproximadamente quatro meses, indicando silenciamento sistêmico. O estabelecimento da técnica de silenciamento gênico por RNAi em M. perniciosa abre novos caminhos para explorar funcionalmente o genoma deste fitopatógeno, bem como o desenvolvimento de mecanismos que bloqueiem ou diminuam a ação deste / Abstract: The fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, causal agent of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) witches' broom (WB) disease, is responsible for the decrease in cacao production in Brazil and other regions of South and Central America. This decrease is directly associated to severe social and ecological problems, particularly in the Amazon and Southern Bahia regions. The cacao-M. perniciosa interaction involves complex genetic mechanisms little studied at the molecular level. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a methodology of gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) in M. perniciosa, aiming functional analyses of genes related to his pathogenicity. RNAi is a powerful tool to experimentally suppress or regulate gene expression, therefore, a very promising technological alternative. Because RNAi is a post-transcriptional event that promotes gene silencing with high specificity and in a systemic way, it is considered a versatile tool for the study of heterokaryotic fungi. The work was conducted in three integrated steps: 1) establishment and evaluation of appropriate conditions for electroporation and regeneration of M. perniciosa protoplasts, as an alternative method for transfection of transgenic DNA and dsRNAs in transformation and fungus silencing experiments, respectively; 2) production of a transgenic strain of M. perniciosa that expresses the heterologous gene gfp and the establishment of methodology for silencing by RNAi, using the gfp gene as a model; 3) silencing mediated by dsRNAs of two endogenous M. perniciosa genes linked to detoxification of ROS and the production of fruiting bodies. The parameters that promoted the highest frequency of regeneration of electroporated protoplasts were the application of one pulse of 1.5 kV. Regarding M. perniciosa transformation, the gfp reporter gene was stably inserted into the genome of the fungus and subsequently silenced by transfection of gfpdsRNA synthesized in vitro, demonstrating the operationality of the RNAi mechanism in M. perniciosa. In addition, the endogenous genes MpPRX1 and MpHYD, coding for peroxiredoxin and hydrophobin, respectively, were silenced using specific dsRNAs showing reduced levels of mRNAs ranging from 18% to 98% when compared to controls. Silencing of gfp and MpPRX1 was validated by experiments that showed correlation between reduced levels of GFP fluorescence and peroxidase activity, as well as survival of mycelium subjected to H2O2, respectively. The silencing of gfp and MpPRX1 persisted for approximately four months, indicating systemic silencing. The establishment of the gene silencing technique by RNAi in M. perniciosa opens new paths to functionally explore the genome of this pathogen and the development of mechanisms that block or decrease his action / Doutorado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular

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