Les services de microblogging (comme Twitter ou Sina Weibo) sont devenu ces dernières années des plateformes très importantes de partage d'information sur l'Internet. Les microblogs sont fréquemment utilisé pour l'analyse de l'opinion, le marketing viral, et les campagnes politiques. Comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents de la diffusion d'information sur les microblogs et comment des contenus deviennent populaires est important.L‘analyse de la diffusion d'information dans les microblogs nécessite la collecte de donnée des microblogs, la modélisation de la diffusion d'information et l'application des modèles résultants. Traiter les données massives issues des microblogs est un défi en soi. Concevoir des algorithmes efficaces et sans biais afin d'échantillonner les microblogs est ainsi fondamental. Ceci doit prendre en compte la complexité du phénomène de « retweet » qui dépend de la valeur éphémère de l'information, de la topologie du réseau de microblogging et des caractéristiques particulières des éditeurs et retweeteurs.Deux modèles ont été traditionnellement appliqués à la diffusion d'information : les cascades indépendantes et modèle à seuil linéaire. Aucun de ces deux modèles n'est à même de décrire le processus du retweeting de façon correcte. Il devient donc nécessaire de de caractériser la diffusion d'information. De plus, une description complète de la relation entre la diffusion d'information dans les microblogs et de popularité des termes recherchés sur Internet serait utile.Ces travaux de thèse présentent une analyse complète de la diffusion d'information dans les microblogs. Les contributions ce cette thèse sont les suivantes :1) Il y'a deux technique d'échantillonnage sans biais pour les réseaux sociaux : la marche aléatoire de Métropolis-Hastings (MHRW), et la méthode d'échantillonnage sans biais de graphes dirigés (USDSG). Néanmoins ces deux méthodes peuvent aboutit à un taux important d'auto-échantillonnage quand elles sont appliquées à des microblogs. Pour résoudre ce problème, j'ai modélisé l'échantillonnage d'un OSN par un processus de Markov et j'en ai déduit les conditions nécessaires et suffisantes d'un échantillonnage sans biais. Ces conditions m'ont permis de proposer un algorithme d'échantillonnage sans biais et efficace que j'ai nommé : échantillonnage sans biais par liens vide (USDE). Cette nouvelle méthode d'échantillonage réduit fortement l'auto-échantillonnage du MHRW. L ‘évaluation empirique montre que la moyenne des dégrées des nœuds échantillonnés est proche de la vérité terrain alors que pour MHRW et USDSG elle est 2 à 4 fois supérieure.2) La seconde contribution de cette thèse vise les lacunes des modèles en cascades indépendantes et de seuils linéaires. J'ai développé un modèle fondé sur les processus de Galton-Watson avec mort (GWK) qui prennent en compte tous les facteurs importants du processus de retweet. Ce nouveau modèle est validé par une application sur des données issues de Twitter et de Weibo.3) La troisième contribution est relative au développement d'un modèle économique du marché des acteurs actifs dans le domaine du marketing sur les mots clés dans les sites de recherches. J'ai développé des méthodes de gestion de portfolios de mots clés et montrés que ces portfolios permettent d'améliorer fortement les rendements sans augmenter le niveau de risque. / Microblog service (such as Twitter and Sina Weibo) have become an important platform for Internet content sharing. As the information in Microblog are widely used in public opinion mining, viral marketing and political campaigns, understanding how information diffuses over Microblogs, and explaining the process through which some tweets become popular, are important.The analysis of the information diffusion in Microblogs involves the data collection from Microblog, the modeling on information spreading and using the resulting models. Dealing with the huge amount of data flowing through microblogs is by itself a challenge. Designing an efficient and unbiased sampling algorithm for Microblog is therefore essential. Besides, the retweeting process in Microblog is complex because of the ephemerality of information, the topology of Microblog network and the particular features (such as number of followers) of publisher and retweeters.Two traditional models have been used for information diffusion : Independent Cascades and Linear Threshold models. However no one of them can describe completely the retweeting process in Microblog accurately. The analysis and design of new models to characterize the information diffusion in Microblog is therefore necessary. Moreover, a comprehensive description of the correlation between the information diffusion in Microblog and the searching trends of keywords on search engines is lacking although some work has been found some preliminary relationships.This work presnets a complete analysis of information diffusion in Microblog from. The contributions and innovations of this thesis are as follows:1)There are two popular unbiased Online Social Network (OSN) sampling algorithms,Metropolis-Hastings Random Walk (MHRW) and Unbiased Sampling for Directed Social Graph (USDSG) method. However they are both likely to yield considerable self-sampling probabilities when applied to Microblogs where there is local. To solve this problem, I have modelled the process of OSN sampling as a Markov process and have deduced the sufficient and necessary conditions of unbiased sampling. Based on this unbiased conditions, I proposed an efficient and unbiased sampling algorithms, Unbiased Sampling method with Dummy Edges (USDE), which reduces strongly the self-sampling probabilities of MHRW. The experimental evaluation demonstrate thats the average node degree of samples of MHRW and USDSG is 2 - 4 times as high as the ground truth while USDE can provide the approximation of ground truth when the sampling repetitions are removed. Moreover the average sampling time per node in USDE is only a half of MHRW and USDSG one.2)A second contribution targets the shortages of Independent Cascades (IC) and Linear Threshold (LT) models in characterizing the retweeting process in Microblogs. I achieve this by introducing a Galton Watson with Killing (GWK) model which considers all the three important factors including the ephemerality of information, the topology of network and the features of publisher and retweeters accurately. We have validated the applicability of the of GWK model over two datasets from Sina Weibo and Twitter and showed that GWK model can fit 82% of information receivers and 90% of the maximum numbers of hops in the real retweeting process. Besides, the GWK model is useful for revealing the endogenous and exogenous factors which affect the popularity of tweets.3) Motivated by the correlation between popularity and trendiness of topicsin Microblog and search trends, I have developed an economic analysis of the market involving a third-party ad broker, which is a popular market in current SEM, and finds that the adwords augmenting strategy with the trending and popular topics in Twitter enables the broker to achieve, on average, four folds larger return on investment than with a non-augmented strategy, while still maintaining the same level of risk.

Cette étude est dédiée à un problème d’exploration de données dans les médias sociaux: la prédiction d’activité. Dans ce problème nous essayons de prédire l’activité associée à une thématique pour un horizon temporel restreint. Dans ce problème des contenus générés par différents utilisateurs, n’ayant pas de lien entre eux, contribuent à l’activité d’une même thématique.Afin de pouvoir définir et étudier la prédiction d’activité sans référence explicite à un réseau social existant, nous définissons un cadre d’analyse générique qui permet de décrire de nombreux médias sociaux. Trois définitions de la prédiction d’activité sont proposées. Premièrement la prédiction de la magnitude d’activité, un problème de régression qui vise à prédire l’activité exacte d’une thématique. Secondement, la prédiction de Buzz, un problème de classification binaire qui vise à prédire quelles thématiques subiront une augmentation soudaine d’activité. Enfin la prédiction du rang d’activité, un problème de learning-to-rank qui vise à prédire l’importance relative de chacune des thématiques. Ces trois problèmes sont étudiés avec les méthodes de l’état de l’art en apprentissage automatique. Les descripteurs proposés pour ces études sont définis en utilisant le cadre d’analyse générique. Ainsi il est facile d’adapter ces descripteurs à différent média sociaux.Notre capacité à prédire l’activité des thématiques est testée à l’aide d’un ensemble de données multilingue: Français, Anglais et Allemand. Les données ont été collecté durant 51 semaines sur Twitter et un forum de discussion. Plus de 500 millions de contenus générés par les utilisateurs ont été capturé. Une méthode de validation croisée est proposée afin de ne pas introduire de biais expérimental lié au temps. De plus, une méthode d’extraction non-supervisée des candidats au buzz est proposée. En effet, les changements abrupts de popularité sont rares et l’ensemble d’entraˆınement est très déséquilibré. Les problèmes de prédiction de l’activité sont étudiés dans deux configurations expérimentales différentes. La première configuration expérimentale porte sur l’ensemble des données collectées dans les deux médias sociaux, et sur les trois langues observées. La seconde configuration expérimentale porte exclusivement sur Twitter. Cette seconde configuration expérimentale vise à améliorer la reproductibilité de nos expériences. Pour ce faire, nous nous concentrons sur un sous-ensemble des thématiques non ambigu¨es en Anglais. En outre, nous limitons la durée des observations à dix semaines consécutives afin de limiter les risques de changement structurel dans les données observées. / This dissertation is devoted to a social-media-mining problem named the activity-prediction problem. In this problem one aims to predict the number of user-generated-contents that will be created about a topic in the near future. The user-generated-contents that belong to a topic are not necessary related to each other.In order to study the activity-prediction problem without referring directly to a particular social-media, a generic framework is proposed. This generic framework allows to describe various social-media in a unified way. With this generic framework the activityprediction problem is defined independently of an actual social-media. Three examples are provided to illustrate how this generic framework describes social-media. Three defi- nitions of the activity-prediction problem are proposed. Firstly the magnitude prediction problem defines the activity-prediction as a regression problem. With this definition one aims to predict the exact activity of a topic. Secondly, the buzz classification problem defines the activity-prediction as a binary classification problem. With this definition one aims to predict if a topic will have an activity burst of a predefined amplitude. Thirdly the rank prediction problem defines the activity-prediction as a learning-to-rank problem. With this definition one aims to rank the topics accordingly to theirs future activity-levels. These three definitions of the activity prediction problem are tackled with state-of-the-art machine learning approaches applied to generic features. Indeed, these features are defined with the help of the generic framework. Therefore these features are easily adaptable to various social-media. There are two types of features. Firstly the features which describe a single topic. Secondly the features which describe the interplay between two topics.Our ability to predict the activity is tested against an industrial-size multilingual dataset. The data has been collected during 51 weeks. Two sources of data were used: Twitter and a bulletin-board-system. The collected data contains three languages: English, French and German. More than five hundred millions user-generated-contents were captured. Most of these user-generated-contents are related to computer hardware, video games, and mobile telephony. The data collection necessitated the implementation of a daily routine. The data was prepared so that commercial-contents and technical failure are not sources of noise. A cross-validation method that takes into account the time of observations is used. In addition an unsupervised method to extract buzz candidates is proposed. Indeed the training-sets are very ill-balanced for the buzz classification problem, and it is necessary to preselect buzz candidates. The activity-prediction problems are studied within two different experimental settings. The first experimental setting includes data from Twitter and the bulletin-board-system, on a long time-scale, and with three different languages. The second experimental setting is dedicated specifically to Twitter. This second experiment aims to increase the reproducibility of experiments as much as possible. Hence, this experimental setting includes user-generated-contents collected with respect to a list of unambiguous English terms. In addition the observation are restricted to ten consecutive weeks. Hence the risk of unannounced change in the public API of Twitter is minimized.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-10-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 claro_fp_me_ia.pdf: 1242607 bytes, checksum: ddf342b95df2ab9c8824329d25c29a9b (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O fenômeno dos cartões de visita foi o primeiro momento de popularização da fotografia no século XIX, o que demonstra que desde sua invenção, o retrato fotográfico funcionou como instrumento de apresentação social. Atualmente, essa apresentação social acontece por meio da fotografia digital que circula livremente nas redes sociais pelos perfis de seus usuários. Há um intenso volume de produção e postagem dessas imagens de forma que o presente trabalho pontua algumas questões que permeiam o universo dos autorretratos fotográficos produzidos por adolescentes paulistanas para seus perfis do site Facebook. Os pontos considerados para análise são o contexto social, econômico e histórico que contextualizam a intensa produção e circulação de fotografias amadoras / The phenomenon of visit cards was the start of the popularization of photography in the nineteenth century, which shows that since its invention, the photographic portrait functioned as an instrument of social presentation. Currently, this phenomenon happens through social presentation of digital photography that circulates freely in the profiles of social networks users. There is an intense volume of production and posting these images, so that this work points out some issues that permeate the universe of photographic self-portraits produced by teenagers from Sao Paulo to their Facebook profiles. The points considered for analysis are the social, economic and historical context to intense production and circulation of amateur photographs

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_sr_me_bauru.pdf: 2465612 bytes, checksum: c2e592e56a6ec6ab74492322eecc3b9c (MD5) / No dia 11 de julho de 2012 a jovem estudante Isadora Faber, de 13 anos, criou uma página no Facebook chamada Diário de Classe. O objetivo era utilizar o espaço para denunciar deficiências na educação pública no Brasil a partir da sua realidade particular, vivida na escola Ebm Maria Damázio Coelho, em Florianópolis (SC). Depois de despertar a atenção da imprensa e ganhar repercussão nacional, o caso ilustrou diversas perspectivas sobre as novas formas de expressão e conversação trazidas por tecnologias da informação, especialmente sites de redes sociais como o Facebook. Ao analisar o conteúdo presente no diário de Classe, no contexto das reações sociais e midiáticas à página, o presente trabalho permite observar de que maneira os atores sociais constroem identidades e reforçam cidadanias em ambiente social. Para isso, investiga, sob a perspectiva intercultural de Néstor Garcia Canclini, como as apropriações do Facebook em diálogo com a mídia tradicional possibilitaram a participação social e favorecem o ciberativismo em uma contexto de modernidade reflexiva / On July 11 th 2012, a young student called Isadora Faber, 13 years old, created a page on Facebook called Diário de Classe - gradebook. The target was use the tool to report deficiences of public education in Brazil from her particular reality, experienced in school Maria Damázio Coelho, in Florianópolis (SC). After gretting press attention and gaining national visibility, the case illustrated several perspectives on new forms of expression and conversation brought by information technology, especially from social networking sites such as the Facebook. By analyzing the content present in Diario de Classe, in the context of social and media reactions to the page, this work allow us to observe how social actors construct identities and reinforce citizenship in social environment. To reach this, investigates with intercultural perspective of Néstor Canclini, how Facebook's appropriation in dialogue with the traditional media allow social participation and favor cyberactitivism in a context of reflexive modernity

Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-03-14T17:10:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4895832 bytes, checksum: e8040936f6ec41883e21cdfd7a9ef0ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T17:10:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4895832 bytes, checksum: e8040936f6ec41883e21cdfd7a9ef0ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Convergence is a process that causes changes in journalism, not only with the introduction of new electronic equipment, but also in the physical context of the writing and the productive routines. The technological age in which we live, marked by the speed and interactivity, changed the ways of producing and disseminating news, as well as in the forms of and consume and share them. The internet has attracted more and more followers and expanded around the world. Through it an avalanche of information comes to social actors that seek besides, and entertainment, a daily source of information on the news portals, aggregate sites of news organizations and even on the social networks. The integration of social networks in daily life and newspaper companies, caused behavioral changes and ended up turning the public, from viewer to co-producer, and creating new channels of reverb news, through the interaction of actors with newspaper companies and other actors. In this context the spread of social networking profiles such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, used as new platforms for dissemination and interaction, changed the magazine journalist everyday. Print publications have also been inserted in this context of convergence, which has created new forms of production and dissemination of content once only printed. In this scenario, the main objective of this dissertation is to analyze what were the changes caused by journalistic convergence, specifically, with the inclusion of social networks in day-to-day of the Trip and TPM magazines redaction, whose teams work seamlessly to both magazines in the media printed, digital and online. This is a study through literature review, data collection published on social networking profiles of magazines, productive routine analysis through the ethnographic method of participant observation and interviews. What enabled us to know and analyze this new production in which the magazines are inserted. During a search encounter hum process adaptations and changes Trip and TPM Magazines . use of social networks is part of them, where the public interacts directly with the journalist And work has a more fast, but the content published on these networks work , most of the time , only how marketing strategy . The internet has made magazines as were presented to hum new audience, so the number of followers of the social networking profiles he spent be greater than make a circulation of printed magazines. In addition, an essay integrated and platform working conditions created new labour and new challenges professionals. / A convergência é um processo que provoca mudanças no jornalismo, não só com a introdução de novos equipamentos eletrônicos, mas também no âmbito físico da redação e nas rotinas produtivas. A era tecnológica em que vivemos, marcada pela rapidez e interatividade, provocou alterações nas formas de produzir e disseminar notícias, bem como nas formas de consumir e compartilhá-las. A internet tem atraído cada vez mais adeptos e se expandido pelo mundo. Através dela uma avalanche de informações chega aos atores sociais que buscam, além de entretenimento, uma fonte diária de informação em portais de notícias, sites agregados de empresas jornalísticas e até mesmo nas redes sociais. A inserção das redes sociais no cotidiano das pessoas e das empresas jornalísticas provocou mudanças de comportamento e acabou transformando também os hábitos do público, de espectador a co-produtor, e criando novos canais de reverberação de noticias, através da interação dos atores com as empresas jornalísticas e com outros atores. Este contexto da disseminação de perfis de redes sociais, como Facebook, Instagram e Twitter, utilizados como novas plataformas de divulgação e interação, mudou o cotidiano do jornalista de revista. As publicações impressas também foram inseridas nesse cenário da convergência, o que criou novas formas de produção e divulgação dos conteúdos outrora apenas impressos. Diante deste cenário, o objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar quais foram as mudanças causadas com a convergência jornalística, especificamente, com a inserção das redes sociais no dia-a-dia da redação das revistas Trip e TPM, cujas equipes atuam de forma integrada para ambas as revistas nos meios impresso, digital e online. Trata-se de um estudo realizado através de pesquisa bibliográfica, coleta de dados publicados nos perfis de redes sociais das revistas, análise da rotina produtiva através de abordagem etnográfica com o método da observação participante e realização de entrevistas. O que nos possibilitou conhecer e analisar essas novas rotinas produtivas nas quais estão inseridas as revistas. Durante a pesquisa nos deparamos com um processo de adaptações e mudanças nas revistas Trip e TPM. O uso das redes sociais faz parte delas, onde o público interage diretamente com o jornalista e o trabalho tem um feedback mais rápido, mas o conteúdo publicado nessas redes funciona, na maioria das vezes, apenas como estratégia de marketing. A internet fez com que as revistas fossem apresentadas a um público novo, assim o número de seguidores dos perfis de redes sociais passou a ser maior do que a tiragem das revistas impressas. Além disso, a redação integrada e o trabalho multiplataforma criaram novas condições de trabalho e novos desafios profissionais.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 miranda_hm_me_bauru.pdf: 4254846 bytes, checksum: 7b79a08f75f7b7108dabff833d897fda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A relação entre a Análise do Comportamento (AC) e a tecnologia não é uma novidade. Skinner desde o início se aproveitou dessa relação para desenvolver soluções criativas, que moldaram os rumos da ciência por ele estudada. Skinner também sempre evidenciou a necessidade de que os analistas do comportamento se engajem em questões sociais e culturais, porém, até recentemente, esse foi um campo relativamente negligenciado pela maioria dos pesquisadores da área. Aos que assumem tal desafio, se apresentam discussões no sentido de apontar a necessidade de soluções para os problemas sociais que envolvam tendências tecnológicas e que não se limitem tanto por questões espaciais e temporais. Nesse sentido se inserem as redes sociais. O número de usuários dessas redes é cada vez maior, assim como o tempo que eles passam conectados. O presente estudo busca apresentar o Facebook como uma ferramenta útil para o planejamento cultural, a partir de 1) análises quantitativas do número de curtidas, comentários e compartilhamentos, bem como da forma de apresentação do conteúdo das publicações e 2) análises qualitativas de publicações e comentários observados na página da Prefeitura de Curitiba, pautadas no conceito de contingência de três termos. Através das análises foi possível apontar o uso da rede social como ferramenta que pode colocar os cidadãos em contato com os efeitos coletivos e de longo prazo de seus comportamentos, estabelecer regras e especificar contingências, e possibilitar que os cidadãos participem do debate sobre políticas públicas. Por fim, são apontadas algumas estratégias observadas na página da prefeitura e na literatura que podem ampliar o alcance do planejamento cultural. / The relationship between Behavior Analysis (BA) and technology is not new. From the beginning Skinner took advantage of such relationship to develop creative solutions that shaped the directions of the science he studied. Skinner has also always pointed the need for behavioral analysts to engage in social and cultural issues, but until recently this was a relatively neglected field by most researchers in the area. Those who take on such a challenge are faced with discussions indicating the need for solutions to social problems involving technological trends and that are not so limited by constraints of space and time. In this sense, social networks are introduced. The number of these networks‟ users is increasing, along with time they spend connected. This study seeks to present Facebook as a useful tool for cultural planning, based on 1) quantitative analysis of the number of likes, comments and shares, as well as the form the content was presented in the publications and 2) qualitative analysis of publications and comments observed on Curitiba‟s City hall Facebook page, based on the concept of three-term contingency. Through analysis it was possible to point out the use of the social network as a tool that can put citizens in contact with the collective and long-term effects of their behavior, establish rules and specify contingencies, and enable citizens to participate in the public policies debate. Finally, we point out some strategies observed on the city hall‟s page and in literature that can extend the reach of cultural design. / FAPESP: 2015/12096-8

Orientador: João Cardoso Palma Filho / Banca: Pelópidas Cypriano de Oliveira / Banca: Marília Claret Geraes Duran / Resumo: O fenômeno dos cartões de visita foi o primeiro momento de popularização da fotografia no século XIX, o que demonstra que desde sua invenção, o retrato fotográfico funcionou como instrumento de apresentação social. Atualmente, essa apresentação social acontece por meio da fotografia digital que circula livremente nas redes sociais pelos perfis de seus usuários. Há um intenso volume de produção e postagem dessas imagens de forma que o presente trabalho pontua algumas questões que permeiam o universo dos autorretratos fotográficos produzidos por adolescentes paulistanas para seus perfis do site Facebook. Os pontos considerados para análise são o contexto social, econômico e histórico que contextualizam a intensa produção e circulação de fotografias amadoras / Abstract: The phenomenon of visit cards was the start of the popularization of photography in the nineteenth century, which shows that since its invention, the photographic portrait functioned as an instrument of social presentation. Currently, this phenomenon happens through social presentation of digital photography that circulates freely in the profiles of social networks users. There is an intense volume of production and posting these images, so that this work points out some issues that permeate the universe of photographic self-portraits produced by teenagers from Sao Paulo to their Facebook profiles. The points considered for analysis are the social, economic and historical context to intense production and circulation of amateur photographs / Mestre

Thesis (MTech (Public Relations Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / The purpose of this mini thesis is to investigate the research question, "What is the importance and effectiveness of public relations practice in obtaining coverage in a multimedia newspaper?" It is obvious that the introduction of the multimedia newspaper has affected the role of the public relations practitioner and the role of the journalists. But has it changed the manner in which public relations practitioners practice public relations (that is the influence of the multimedia newspaper on the public relations industry) and its value in the eyes of the multimedia journalist. The study will measure the multimedia editorial staff's opinion and perceptions of the multimedia newspapers content and public relations practice's impact on that content. The research is interested in whether the introduction of the multimedia newspaper has affected the role of the public relations practitioner and the journalists and whether it has changed the manner in which public relations practitioners practice public relations (that is the influence of the multimedia newspaper on the public relations industry). The research reviews the perceived value of public relations to journalists operating within the multimedia newspaper context.

Thesis (MTech (Internal Auditing))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. / The research study focuses on the risk management practices and procedures small, medium and large enterprises in the Cape Metropole have in place to mitigate social media risks. Enterprises and employees of these enterprises use social media platforms for business and personal purposes. There usage could have an impact on the enterprise should social media risks materialise due to a lack of formalised risk management practices and procedures. The purpose of the research study is to determine whether enterprises have risk management practices and procedures in place to mitigate social media risks. The research study also expands on the controls enterprises have in place and seeks to gain an understanding of the type of social media platforms used by the enterprise. The research study consisted of a literature review and an empirical study to investigate social media risk management practices and procedures in enterprises. A quantitative research method were used to carry out the required research, by making use of a structured questionnaire to obtain responses from respondents from small, medium and large enterprises in the Cape Metropole. The research results obtained revealed that most enterprises have implemented risk management practices and procedures. However, not all enterprises have risk management functions in place which involves all relevant departments to support in mitigating social media risks, more specifically to monitor and manage adherence to social media policies and procedures. The researcher recommends that enterprises have to enhance their control environment and improve existing risk management functions, practices and procedures on a continuous basis before such risks materialise and potentially damage their enterprise.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / Social media have exacerbated negative impact across all facets of commercial banks. The evolution and ubiquity of social media has permeated the unprecedented pressure which is unavoidable in two identified commercial banks located in the Eastern Cape (OR Tambo District, Mthatha) namely: ABSA and Standard Bank in this decade of information technology. Thus, social media have imposed negative impressions on employees’ understanding, thereby resulting in the negative perceptions of employees regarding its benefits and influence which drastically amounted to change of employee interactions and communication. The primary objectives of the study are to investigate the impact made by social media on teams in the banking sector and to ascertain the types of teams who are utilizing social media tools. A quantitative research method was employed whereby 194 questionnaires were distributed and 102 completed, thereby generating a response rate of 53%. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23.0. The results present the descriptive statistics in the form of graphs, cross-tabulations and other figures for the quantitative data that was collected. Inferential techniques included the use of correlations and chi square test values which were interpreted using p-values. This study findings revealed a significant relationship between biographical variables (age, gender, race, level of education, work experience, job category, job type, job level and employer) and five dimensions (understanding of social media, social media optimism, social media influence on human interactions, challenges of social media in banks and perceptions in business etiquette). The study’s findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between social networking as a great contributor to business productivity and that social media, as a medium, enhances communication effectiveness at 0.448** . However, social media optimism was found to be negative due to lack of trust. The challenges of social media have come with embedded risks of fraud, hacking of information and so forth. These impacts were identified as risks which could violate policies and procedures of financial institutions. This study concludes and recommends that branch managers from commercial banks (ABSA and Standard Bank) should formulate and develop policies to guide employees on the use of social media; this is to intensify intervention in the event of inevitable excessive loss in the financial strength of these commercial banks