Sustainability is a term that is constantly gaining focus in our society and we are becoming more and more aware of the need to take the next generation into consideration when making decisions. The sustainable activity within the core business is growing and is also connected to profitability in ways that have not been seen before. However, the activities that are not included in the core business have not yet reached this long-term perspective. These non-core businesses within an organization goes under the term Facilities Management (FM). This paper focuses onReal Estate businesses, FM-suppliers and the relation between them.The purpose is to investigate current knowledge regarding outsourced FM-services and the real estate organisation’s use of these services. Furthermore, the purpose is to analyse what obstacles are currently restraining a sustainable way of working with FM-services and finally to present substantial suggestions for change. It is commonly agreed that acting in a sustainable way is a shared responsibility, and that acting accordingly will have great impact over the coming years. The Real Estate companies are facing an obstacle with lack of knowledge and awareness of the current situation. The FM-suppliers do not have the last say in the procurement process which prohibits them from using their knowledge effectively. Collaboration between the two parties is essential in order to achieve an improved result of sustainable development within FM. Five suggestions that will develop sustainability within FM have been depicted within this paper. The first suggestion is a plan of action with the foremost purpose of promoting sustainability and FM. Next follows a suggestion that shows the importance of early influence from proficient people. The third suggestion is to make sustainability measurable by creating a certification. Fourth, a law regarding sustainability reports can show how companies act in order to enhance the three dimensions of sustainability within their organization. The last suggestion is a template that will support both parties in the process of signing FM-contracts. In an ideal world, increasing the understanding and knowledge of sustainability and FM will prevent Real Estate businesses from buying services that are not sustainable as well as keeping FM-suppliers from delivering such services. / Hållbarhet får allt större fokus i vårt samhälle. Genom ett mer eftertänksamt beteende har ett agerande för en hållbar utveckling där nästa generation ges samma förutsättningar som denna påbörjats. Tankesättet växer sig starkare inom organisationens kärnverksamhet och i takt med detta ses hållbart agerande även i större grad som en del i organisationens ökade lönsamhet. Inom stödverksamheterna har utvecklingen dock inte nått detta långsiktiga perspektiv. Sammantaget utgör stödtjänsterna en stor del av en organisations totala omsättning varför det är av stor vikt att påbörja en hållbar utveckling inom dessa. En organisations samtliga stödtjänster sammanfattas i termen Facilities Management (FM). Detta arbete är inriktat mot FM-leverantörer och fastighetsbolag samt framställs med intresse för relationen dem emellan. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka befintlig kunskap om outsourcade Facilities Management-tjänster och fastighetsbolags nyttjande av tjänsterna. Vidare är syftet att analysera vilka hinder som idag motverkar ett hållbart arbetssätt inom dessa tjänster samt framställa konkreta förslag till förbättringsåtgärder. En litteraturstudie samt sju intervjuer har legat till grund för de resultat som framställs. Ansvaret för att agera hållbart inom FM anses ligga på var och en gemensamt och intervjuobjekten är eniga om att hållbarhet kommer att bli allt viktigare i dagens samhälle. Hinder hos fastighetsbolagen är bristande kunskap och medvetenhet gällande den ohållbara situation som råder idag. För FM-leverantörerna finns ett hinder i rådande partsrelation, där fastighetsbolagen har sista ordet vid upphandling trots att FM-leverantörerna besitter mest kunskap. Det krävs ett samarbete mellan parterna för att nå ett förbättrat resultat av hållbar utveckling inom FM-tjänsterna. Fem förslag för att utveckla hållbarhetsarbetet inom FM framställs. Det första är en handlingsplan med främsta syfte att marknadsföra hållbarhet och FM. Nästa förslag belyser vikten av att ge personer med kompetens inom området möjlighet att påverka i ett tidigt skede. I det tredje förslaget framställs en möjlighet att certifiera hållbart arbete för att göra hållbarhet mätbart. Vårt fjärde förslag är att införa en lag om hållbarhetsredovisning där organisationer tvingas redovisa hur de arbetat med de tre dimensionerna av hållbarhet under året. Slutligen föreslås en mall som kan vara till stöd vid tecknande av FM-kontrakt. I den bästa av världar kommer ett aktivt arbete med att öka förståelsen och kunskapen gällande hållbarhet inom FM att leda till att fastighetsbolagen aldrig köper ohållbara stödtjänster samtidigt som FM-leverantörerna heller aldrig levererar sådana.

Kontoren har ekat tomma sedan pandemins start och många har blivit tvungna att arbeta hemifrån. Arbetsgivarna står nu därför inför en stor utmaning i att få tillbaka sina anställda till kontoret utan tvångsmedel. Hemarbetet har gett smak för ökad kontroll och frihetsgrad över arbetsplatsen och har därför blivit en mer bekväm och trivsam plats att arbeta på jämfört med kontoret, men de sociala tillfällena med kollegor uteblir hemma i vardagsrummet. Vilken roll kommer kontoren ha i framtiden, blir kontoret det sociala vardagsrummet för de anställda? Enligt Christina Bodin Danielsson påverkar miljön på arbetsplatsen vår hälsa och välbefinnande. Beroende på hur vi utformar kontoren, kan vi påverka hur de anställda trivs, mår och presterar på arbetsplatsen (Arbetsplatsenifokus, 2020). Forskningsfrågorna som arbetet ska ge svar på är (1) På vilket sätt har de utvalda komponenterna betydelse för utformningen av ett kontor för att uppnå ett socialt hållbart och trivsamt kontor? och (2) Hur kan ett befintligt kontors rumsliga design utformas för att öka social hållbarhet och trivsel? Syftet med kandidatarbetet är att utifrån en utredning av arkitektoniska aspekter, belysa huvudkomponenter som är viktiga vid utformningen av kontor. Samt konceptuellt applicera dessa på ett befintligt kontor genom ett gestaltningsförslag. Under arbetets gång kommer vi ha ett nära samarbete med Hitachi Energy, som är stationerat i Landskrona. Genom enkäter, intervjuer och platsbesök får vi förståelse över hur kontoret ser ut idag och vilka önskemål de anställda har på utformningen. Arbetet har landat i ett gestaltningsförslag för hur deras kontor kan utformas för att skapa en mer socialt hållbar och inbjudande arbetsplats. Studien visar på att kontorets utformning har stor betydelse för hur de anställda mår, trivs och presterar på arbetsplatsen. Vi hoppas genom kandidatarbetet kunna bidra med kunskap för att göra kontorsmiljöer mer socialt hållbara. Resultatet av pandemins påverkan på kontoren är ännu obesvarat, men det förväntas landa i en kombination av hemarbete och att arbeta på kontoret. Stor vikt kommer därför behöva läggas på att kontoret blir den sociala knutpunkten för de anställda. Med fler platser för de sociala tillfällena och fokus på samhörighet mellan medarbetare, bidrar vi till högre kreativitet och engagemang. / The offices have been empty since the start of the pandemic and many have been forced to work from home. Employers therefore face a major challenge in getting their employees back to the office without coercive measures. The home office has increased employees’ control and degree of freedom on the layout of the workplace and has therefore been experienced as a more pleasant workplace than the office, but at the same time social interactions with colleagues are lacking in the home office. What role will the office play in the future? Will the office become the social livingroom for employees? According to Christina Bodin Danielsson, the workplace environment affects our health and well being. Depending on how the office is designed, we can influence how the employees feel and perform (Arbetsplatsenifokus, 2020). The research questions are (1) In what way a series of selected components are important for the design of an office in order to achieve a socially sustainable and pleasant office? and (2) How can spatial design of an existing office be developed to increase social sustainability and well-being? The purpose of the bachelor thesis is, on the basis of an investigation of architectural aspects, to highlight the main components that are important in office design and conceptually apply these to an existing office through a design proposal. During the work we have had a collaboration with the company Hitachi Energy, based in Landskrona. Through surveys, interviews and site visits, we gained an understanding of what the office looks like today and the employees’ wishes about the design. The work has landed in a design proposal of how the office can be designed to create a more socially sustainable and inviting workplace. The study shows that the design of the office is of great importance for how employees feel comfortable and perform in the workplace. Through the bachelor thesis, we hope to be able to contribute knowledge to make office environments more socially sustainable. The result of the pandemic’s impact on the office is still to be defined, but it is expected that it will lead to a combination of working from home and working in an office. Great emphasis will need to be put on the office becoming a social hub for the employees. With more places for social interaction and a focus on togetherness between employees, the office could also allow higher creativity and commitment.

With the aim of assessing how to develop a socially sustainable mobility, this thesis applies a method of PPGIS (Public Participation Geographic Information System). The method of PPGIS was conducted through a survey aimed towards people who frequently visit the studied area (e.g., living, working, or studying there). The geographical delimitation of the study is set to Lindholmen, Gothenburg and focuses on the ongoing development of realizing the visions of the River City project (Gothenburg, 2012). Mobility in this work is understood as something more than just movement from point A to B and is mainly approached with support from Kaufmann’s (2002) theory of motility – the capacity to be mobile. Mobility that facilitates individual’s constraints and increases people’s motility is considered as socially sustainable. The concept of public participation is central, highlighting the importance of local knowledge and involvement in decision-making (Berman, 2017). The local knowledge, from contributors, was used as the basis of analysis for assessing mobility development. The participatory approach aims to improve neighbourhood quality, and to strengthen social inclusion. The PPGIS-process generated 173 responses. Recurring themes were suggestions for bicycle infrastructure and expanding the ferry lines. Negative inputs revolved around traffic volumes and construction. Future development in Lindholmen could focus on the attitudes and opinions of the contributors. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the collected data, stating that to improve what contributors complained about or asked for – in terms of traveling to, from, and within the area – is to take a step toward a more inclusive and accessible mobility. The contributions lie in the gathered empirical material, with specific suggestions to the mobility development of Lindholmen. Furthermore, the general debate on considering the needs and wishes of a place’s users highlights benefits with mobility development through public participation that should be considered in future projects or academic works.

Social sustainability is one of the three foundations in the definition of sustainable development. Despite this, there is no common overarching definition of social sustainability. Climate and environmental issues are defined and complemented by global and national agreements. The lack of a common definition of social sustainability is a result of the susceptibility of the experience of social sustainability to the local context and subjective assessments.This study focuses on commercial property companies in Sweden and their strategic work with social sustainability as an integrated part of the business. Existing research indicates that tools for strategic assessment of social sustainability are required. The purpose of this study is to develop a social sustainability framework intended to help property developers and owners to assess and manage social sustainability aspects in a systematic way. By using the framework, the intention is to increase properties social and economic value, as well as the financing opportunities for property companies.The framework is developed through an iterative process inspired by a multi-methodological approach for system development. By analysing two existing sustainability evaluation methods in combination with existing research within the field, 63 aspects for social sustainability are identified and applied into this framework. The identified aspects are divided into five categories (health and well-being, safety and security, climate and ecology, dialogue and relation and flexibility, mobility, and equality). The developed framework is applied on two existing, commercial properties located in northern Sweden. To conclude, the framework can be a strategic instrument for socially sustainable property management and development in this specific region. Further development is suggested. / <p>2023-06-13</p>

The aim of this study was to examine what role citizen dialogs have in the society and its planning of urban development. Also, what relation citizen dialogs have to social sustainability. Furthermore, find out how two municipalities, Boden and Umeå, with different circumstances work with citizen dialogs. This has been done through the studying of documents from the municipalities. The document studies presented several concepts and methods to work with citizen dialogs and stated that they are of importance for the municipalities. One document, “Så star det till!” is a compilation of an extensive work with citizen dialogs in Umeå municipality. Boden municipality presented on their social media several examples of citizen dialogs. That presentation in itself is a way of communicating and in a sense a dialog with the citizens. To find this a few keywords were used when studying the documents. Three semi-structured interviews were performed with people working at the municipalities. The results from the interviews were processed through a coding scheme and finally analyzed with the help of Fungs (2006) Democracy cube.   The interviews showed that the municipalities work alike in many ways and highly value citizen dialogs. The municipalities try out different methods of citizen dialogs and perform them in the preliminary stages of the planning processes. They also aim for the comments, wishes, and needs the citizens voices to have an actual impact on the result of the plans they have taken part in, which contributes to social sustainability. The role of citizen dialogs in the planning process are to some extent dictated in a law but not particularly in detail. Some argue that citizen dialogs give the citizen false power (citizens power which is essential in increasing social sustainability), that they in fact do not have a say in the planning processes. In some cases where the dialogs fail, they instead lead to a decrease in trust for the municipalities and their planners. Another argument is that the citizens should trust the representative democracy.   The whole study also shows that citizen dialogs are complex and difficult to adapt and to then include everyone since there is a lot of variation in the personalities and circumstances among the citizens. But in conclusion the citizen dialogs have a future where they seem to get a bigger roll with new methods and impact the social sustainability, majority in a sense of giving the citizens more power to influence their home and surroundings.

Denna studie är en designbaserad forskning som utforskar frågeställningen: Hur kan en genom design öka medvetenheten kring och underlätta spårningen av menscykelns känslomässiga påverkningar? Tillsammans med underfrågan: Hur kan en produkts design bidra till minskat stigma kopplat till menstruation? Detta görs genom att belysa hur ett användarcentrerat tankesätt och co-design metoder kan användas i syfte att designa för tabubelagda ämnen. Projektets syfte var att undersöka hur produktdesign kan stötta kvinnor i att enklare spåra och förstå sig på sin hälsa ur ett helhetsperspektiv. Detta för att främja ökad kontroll, välbehag och hälsosammare liv för kvinnor; samt i längden bidra till design för social hållbarhet. För att undersöka forskningsfrågan har metoderna expertintervju, marknadsundersökning och co-design workshop använts. Co-design workshopens utformning är ett exempel på hur teorin Troubling design har influerat metodutförandet. Detta eftersom teorin problematiserar tillämpningen av användarcentrerad design i relation till kvinnlig hälsa samt menar att design för kroppsliga upplevelser behöver omprövas i form av att ändra från ett problemlösningsfokus till att fokusera på kvinnans erfarenheter och därmed ej se den menstruerande kroppen som ett problem som går att “lösa”. Utfallet av expertintervjuer, marknadsundersökning och co-design workshop analyserades och utifrån detta skapades en kravspecifikation som blev grunden för designprocessen. Resultatet av designprocessen och därmed även studiens slutgiltiga designförslag som besvarar forskningsfrågan blev en brädspelsinspirerad kalender med tillhörande känslospårare och cykelvisualisering. Slutsatsen blev även att stigma effektivast motverkas genom normalisering av spårning samt ökad kunskap hos icke menstruerande. / This study is a design-based research that explores the question: How can one, through design, increase awareness and facilitate tracking of the emotional effects of the menstrual cycle? Together with the sub-question: How can a product’s design contribute to reduced stigma linked to menstruation? This is done by highlighting how a user-centered mindset and co-design methods can be used in order to design for tabooed topics. The purpose of the project was to investigate how product design can support women to more easily track and understand their health from a holistic perspective. This to promote increased control, well-being, and healthier lives for women; and in the long run contribute to design for social sustainability. To examine the research question, the methods expert interview, market research and co-design workshop have been used. The design of the Co-design workshop is an example of how the theory Troubling design has influenced the method execution. This because the theory problematizes the application of user-centered design in relation to women’s health and emphasizes that design for bodily experiences needs to be reconsidered in the form of changing from a problem-solving focus to focusing on the woman’s experiences and thus not seeing the menstruating body as a problem that can be “solved”. The outcome of expert interviews, market research and co-design workshop was analysed and based on this a requirement specification was created which became a starting point for the design process. The result of the design process and the study’s final design proposal which answers the research question became a board game-inspired calendar with enclosed emotion tracker and cycle visualization. The conclusion was further that stigma is most effectively counteracted through the normalization of tracking and increased knowledge among non-menstruating people.

Denna studie ämnar belysa boendesegregationen i Malmö och vilka strategier och verktyg Malmö stad använder för att minska boendesegregationen. För att få inblick i lokala bostadsprojekt har vi undersökt införandet av hyresrätter i Limhamns Sjöstad samt Mallbomodellen i Hyllie. I Malmö är segregationen påtaglig och stadens områden har varierad socioekonomisk prägel. Vi har genomfört dokumentanalys, policyanalys och intervjuer, vilka tillsammans med utvalda samhällsteorier hjälper oss att besvara studiens frågeställningar. För att motverka uppdelade stadsdelar och uppnå social blandning strävar Malmö stad efter blandade upplåtelseformer. Ett blandat bostadsbestånd är av vikt i såväl befintliga bostadsområden som i uppförandet av nya för att motverka segregation. Utöver bostadsprojekt med fokus på integration och social hållbarhet är allmännyttans handlingsutrymme i Malmö något vi i denna studie undersöker. Allmännyttiga bostäder som godtar ekonomiskt bistånd som inkomst gör det möjligt för fler att bo och om dessa bostäder finns på olika platser i staden skapar det förutsättningar för en socialt blandad stad. Vi påverkas av vår omgivning och hur vi bor och för att ge likvärdiga förutsättningar för alla i staden är det viktigt att bryta boendesegregationen. / This study aims to examine residential segregation in Malmö and which strategies and tools Malmö stad uses to reduce residential segregation. To gain insight into local housing projects, we have examined the new rental apartments in Limhamns Sjöstad and the Mallbo project in Hyllie. In Malmö, segregation is evident and the different areas in the city have a varied socio-economic character. We have done document analysis, policy analysis and interviews, which together with selected theories help us answer the study's issues. Malmö stad strives for mixed forms of housing in order to achieve social mix and to counteract divided districts. Mixed housing is important in both existing housing areas and in the construction of new ones to counter segregation. In addition to housing projects with a focus on integration and social sustainability, we investigate the command of public housing in Malmö stad. Public housing that accepts financial assistance as income makes it possible for more people to reside and if the public housing is located in different places in the city, it creates the conditions for a socially mixed city. We are affected by our surroundings and how we live and to provide equal conditions for everyone in the city, it is important to break the residential segregation.

Developing and building cities in a sustainable way is essential in modern day planning. A huge factor that influences this is the transport sector. The growing discourse of sustainable mobility is transport researchers answer to this but the lack of a social sustainability  perspective motivates research in relation to transport equality. The aim of this thesis is to increase the understanding of transport equality in Scania and contribute with insights primarily of how planning measures can be developed and consequences managed. To investigate the phenomenon, we look at how the sustainable mobility discourse affects transport equality with a focus on Scanias rural areas. We mainly examine cycling and public transport as two sustainable means of transport and how various priorities between and within these modes affect equality. Through interviews with both planners and travellers we establish an understanding of the phenomenon from two different perspectives. The study shows that general goals for increased share of travels by bicycle and public transport are governing traffic planning in Scania. Based on this, we argue that sustainable mobility is considerably more influential than the transport equality perspective. One strategy that clearly shows this is the dominance of the ridership goal in public transport planning. Geographical coverage has a lower priority compared to increasing the share of travels. The study concludes that there is a car dependency in rural Scania. The car is considered the obvious mode of transport due to flexibility, dangerous cycling conditions and the limited range of public transport. The poor public transport service can be seen as a direct result of the ridership goal. Resources from routes with less demand are reallocated to stronger routes and rural traffic is negatively affected as a result. There is also an understanding among travellers that service along rural routes are expensive and therefore not as justified by planners. However, this understanding among travellers is not accepted in the same way when it comes to the limited bicycle infrastructure. There is a strong wish for improved bicycle connections between small towns and cities, however the study reveals legal and organisational obstacles to the construction of bicycle infrastructure outside urban areas.

This study researches the relationship between institutional racism and systemic supervision, highlighting the concept of the Other and how it is created as result of social racism. The project’s goal is to produce a dystopian live-action short film. To expose the danger of misusing technological advances to achieve propaganda set to ensure control over the public. And to closely look into the mentalities and perspectives of the public considering institutional racism.   This project represents the powerful impact of society's issues on the future by filming in the dystopian genre. The project goes through all aspects of scene making and filmmaking as a visual communication technique.   The research shows how deeply the established media is connected to social racism and Othering. As governments, institutions, and corporations are constantly in need to create targets for the viewer/public to fear, making the world seem like it is Us vs Them. Ending with a loop of hate and injustice that keeps spiralling downwards.

The field of urban planning experiences many trends, social sustainability and density being two of them. While density has been on the agenda before, it has lately become synonymous with sustainability, the social dimension included. The relationship between social sustainability and density has however been contested by many scholars claiming that the relationship is unclear due to the vagueness and that policymakers can adapt the concept in a way that favours their intentions or the dominating urban paradigm. Thus, this thesis provides a deeper understanding of the contradictions and dilemmas of social sustainability and density, and in what way this reflects contemporary trends within urban planning in the context of ‘ordinary cities’. A thematic analysis of documents and interviews was conducted to identify how themes of social sustainability and density have been motivated, as well as the relationship between the two. With private interest being influential in urban governance, economic interests tend to define the vague, and shapeable concept of social sustainability. With that we find that dimensions of social sustainability that concern attractiveness are prioritised, while values of integration, affordability, and equity are not. Our findings contribute by linking social sustainability to the idea of a good city while at the same time allowing market interest to define social values as attractiveness and in the end sellability. In that sense, the market has become an indicator of whether the area is socially sustainable or not. Thus, it is important to define social sustainability and its incorporation in the planning process. / Det finns flera trender inom samhällsplanering, två av dem är social hållbarhet och täthet. Täthet har varit på agendan tidigare, men har under senare perioder blivit synonymt med hållbarhet och inkluderat den sociala dimensionen. Förhållandet mellan social hållbarhet och täthet har dock blivit ifrågasatt av flertalet forskare, vilka menat att förhållandet är svårtolkat i och med att det innebär en påtaglig vaghet, därför har också beslutsfattare kunnat anpassa begreppet social hållbarhet efter deras intentioner eller de dominerande paradigmen inom samhällsplanering. Därmed bidrar denna uppsats med en djupare förståelse för motsättningarna och dilemman kring social hållbarhet och täthet och hur detta reflekterar samtida trender inom samhällsplaneringen i ’ordinary cities’. En tematisk analys av dokument och intervjuer gjordes för att identifiera hur sociala hållbarhets- och täthetsteman motiveras, och hur relationen dem emellan tagit form. Då privata intressen har stort inflytande inom planering tenderar ekonomiska intressen att forma det vaga begreppet social hållbarhet. I och med det fann vi att sociala hållbarhetsdimensioner som berör attraktivitet prioriteras, medan värden som integration, bostäder åt alla och rättvisa blivit åsidosatt. Våra fynd bidrar till en bredare kunskapsbild genom att koppla ihop social hållbarhet med idén om en bra stad, där samhällsplanering riskerar att låta marknadsintressen definiera sociala värden som ’attraktivitet’ och i slutändan ’säljbarhet’. På så vis har marknaden blivit en indikator på huruvida ett område är socialt hållbart eller inte. Därför är det viktigt att inom samhällsplaneringen definiera social hållbarhet och hur konceptet används.