This article considers the nature of interpretation as important question in constitutional interpretation from a theonomic epistemological perspective. Theonomic epistemology is summarily described. The modem language philosophy's view of the nature of interpretation is then investigated, after which a theonomic definition of interpretation and hermeneutics is suggested. Different approaches to interpretation commonly found in legal practice are evaluated on the basis of the suggested definition. The theonomic approach is then applied to another issue in constitutional interpretation, the nature of the judicial function, and broad guidelines are given for the practical application of theonomic epistemological considerations. / Hierdie artikel ondersoek die wese van interpretasie as belangrike vraagstuk by grondwetuitleg vanuit die perspektief van die teonome epistemologie. Die teonome epistemologie word oorsigtelik beskryf. Die modeme taalfilosofie se beskouing van interpretasie word dan behandel, waama 'n teonome definisie van interpretasie en hermeneutiek voorgestel word. Die verskillende uitlegbenaderings wat algemeen in die praktyk voorkom, word aan die hand van die voorgestelde definisie geevalueer. Vervolgens word die teonome benadering op 'n ander vraagstuk van grondwetuitleg - die aard van die regterlike funksie - toegepas, en word bree riglyne vir toepassing van teonome epistemologiese oorwegings in die praktyk van regspraak gegee. / Department of Constitutional International and Indigenous Law / LL.M.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-06-01T18:31:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCS.pdf: 3286635 bytes, checksum: 9ad7674eb60e2085162160c99ca34e27 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-01T20:12:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCS.pdf: 3286635 bytes, checksum: 9ad7674eb60e2085162160c99ca34e27 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-01T20:12:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCS.pdf: 3286635 bytes, checksum: 9ad7674eb60e2085162160c99ca34e27 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T20:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseCS.pdf: 3286635 bytes, checksum: 9ad7674eb60e2085162160c99ca34e27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The research in question was conducted in the Zona da Mata Canavieira of Alagoas, Brazil, a region that is characterized by the expressive presence of sugarcane agribusiness and poverty, which is manifested in critical indicators of human and social development. The study is an analysis of the living conditions of sugarcane workers in two cities located in this territory – Branquinha and União dos Palmares – as well as of the means accessed by these men and women and their relatives to ensure family survival. The study, which is eminently qualitative, was carried out based on the bibliographical research and the accomplishment of open and semi-structured interviews with men and women of the cities mentioned above that were at the intersection of the experience as workers in sugarcane sector and the experience as beneficiaries of Bolsa Família Program. The theoretical approach that guided the research is that which deals with the precariat, this fraction of class that according to the Brazilian sociologist Ruy Braga lives squeezed between the threat of socioeconomic exclusion and the increase of the exploitation of its workforce by economic sectors; and is also, according to the British economist Guy Standing, the social segment that most suffers from the insecurity about the rights. The study showed that sugarcane workers in Branquinha and União dos Palmares oscillated between formal work and informal work, but both of which were carried out in precarious conditions. The first is related to those activities that despite be registered are extremely painful and hurtful to the physical and mental health of the worker. Some examples are sugarcane cutting, herbicide application in cane fields, and cane scrolling on slopes. The second refers to the activities done without any social protection and which are equally heavy and painful. The exploration of sand in rivers and the work in quarries are some cases. It was also seen that even the workers who were beneficiaries of a monetary transfer program such as Bolsa Família continued to accomplish precarious works and were paid well below their basic consumption needs. This leads one to believe that the program puts away the workers from the risks of complete socioeconomic exclusion, but does not give them the conditions to get rid of the need to accomplish dirty, heavy, seasonal and poorly paid jobs, such as those in the cane field. The meia sola of the title, therefore, refers to these workers, since in the region where the empirical immersion has taken place the expression has to do with precariousness, indefinition and incompleteness. The meia sola is the precarious worker of the socio-geographic space known as the Zona da Mata Canavieira of Alagoas, that is a region with huge sugar cane fields and big sugar cane mills. / A pesquisa em questão foi desenvolvida na Zona da Mata Canavieira do estado de Alagoas, uma região que é caracterizada pela marcante presença do agronegócio canavieiro e ainda pela pobreza, manifesta em recorrentes índices críticos de desenvolvimento humano e social. A obra consiste na análise das condições de vida de trabalhadores agrícolas do setor canavieiro em duas cidades situadas nesse território – Branquinha e União dos Palmares –, bem como dos meios acessados por esses sujeitos e seus parentes para garantir a sobrevivência familiar. O estudo, de caráter eminentemente qualitativo, foi feito com base na pesquisa em fontes bibliográficas e na realização de entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas com homens e mulheres das cidades acima referidas que se encontravam na intersecção da experiência com o trabalho no setor canavieiro e a experiência como beneficiários do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). A abordagem teórica que orientou a pesquisa é aquela que trata do precariado, essa fração de classe que segundo o sociólogo brasileiro Ruy Braga vive espremida entre a ameaça da exclusão socioeconômica e a incrementação da exploração de sua força de trabalho por setores econômicos, e que, na concepção do economista britânico Guy Standing, é o segmento social que mais sofre com a insegurança frente aos direitos. O estudo mostrou que os trabalhadores canavieiros dos municípios de Branquinha e União dos Palmares oscilavam entre o trabalho formal e o trabalho informal, porém, ambos realizados em condições precárias. O primeiro está relacionado àquelas atividades que, apesar de “fichar a carteira”, são extremamente penosas e nocivas à saúde física e mental do trabalhador. Alguns exemplos são o corte de cana, a aplicação de herbicida nos canaviais e o embolamento de cana em encostas. Já o segundo referese às atividades feitas sem nenhuma proteção social e que são igualmente pesadas e estropiantes. A retirada de areia em rios e o trabalho em pedreiras são alguns casos. Foi visto também que mesmo as trabalhadoras e os trabalhadores beneficiários de um programa de transferência monetária como o PBF seguiam realizando trabalhos precários e sendo remunerados bem abaixo das suas necessidades básicas de consumo. Isso leva a crer que o programa afasta os sujeitos dos riscos da completa exclusão socioeconômica, mas não lhes dá condições de se livrarem da necessidade de realizar trabalhos sujos, pesados, sazonais e que pagam mal, como aqueles do canavial. O meia sola do título, portanto, refere-se a esses sujeitos, já que na região onde foi realizada a imersão empírica a expressão tem a ver com precariedade, indefinição e incompletude. O meia sola é o trabalhador precário do espaço sociogeográfico conhecido como a Zona da Mata Canavieira de Alagoas.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:20:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Kummer.pdf: 2367341 bytes, checksum: 1280ab41639b98c8a6df5d9c13d67745 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research analyzes the social factors related to the process and the dynamics that are established with the rural youth from going out and getting the / in the countryside. The discussion is based on a study among young rural community of Cerro Azul in the municipality of Palma Sola, confined to the western region of the state of Santa Catarina. This community, made from the 1940s, had historically its economic base in agriculture and demographic guided. However, currently there is an intermittent decrease of its population, being predominantly young population that is decreasing. This change is justified by the large number of young people who have left the countryside and agricultural activities to reside in urban areas. But not all young people who choose to leave the field. Some remain in the community and are directly involved with farming and agriculture. However these are not decisions of no return. As far as getting out are provisional and procedural decisions. Are phenomena that occur as related behaviors, fluids and not necessarily defined. Speaking generally references the expression "seeing how it goes", that is, even if there is the intention to remain there sure between going and staying. Stay is a temporary decision and subject to change, given the sense of life course and social conditions made available and achievable. There is an expectation and a desire to see themselves embodied improvements in rural areas that are described as "opportunities" - which reads: job opportunities in the field and take the actual conditions of agricultural activity. We discuss, in summary, the factors related to the decision to leave and to stay as well as the dynamics that young people who are in rural areas are in life that play. / Esta pesquisa analisa os fatores sociais relacionados ao processo e às dinâmicas que se estabelecem com os jovens rurais entre sair e ficar do/no meio rural. A discussão baseia-se num estudo entre jovens da comunidade rural de Cerro Azul localizada no município de Palma Sola, circunscrito a região Oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Esta comunidade, constituída a partir da década de 1940, teve historicamente sua base econômica e demográfica pautada na agricultura. Entretanto, atualmente verifica-se uma intermitente diminuição de sua população, sendo predominantemente a população jovem que vem decrescendo. Essa alteração se justifica pelo grande número de jovens que tem abandonado o campo e as atividades agrícolas para residir no meio urbano. Todavia não são todos os jovens que optam por abandonar o campo. Alguns permanecem na comunidade e estão envolvidos diretamente com a atividade agrícola e agropecuária. No entanto, essas não são decisões sem volta. Tanto sair quanto ficar são decisões provisórias e processuais. São fenômenos que se verificam como comportamentos relativos, fluídos e não necessariamente definidos. O discurso em geral referencia a expressão: vendo no que vai dar , isto é, mesmo que há a intenção de permanecer não há certeza entre ir e ficar. Ficar é uma decisão temporária e passível de mudança, dado o sentido de trajetória de vida assumido e as condições sociais disponíveis e alcançáveis. Existe uma expectativa e um desejo de verem-se consubstanciadas melhorias no meio rural que são descritas como oportunidades onde se lê: oferta de empregos no campo e condições efetivas de assumir a atividade agrícola. Discutem-se, em síntese, os fatores relacionados à decisão de partir e de permanecer, bem como as dinâmicas que os jovens que estão no meio rural constituem na vida que desempenham.

In dieser Forschungsarbeit wurde die Auswirkung von christlicher Freizeitarbeit auf die Glaubensgenese von Jugendlichen erforscht. Die Umsetzung erfolgte mithilfe einer empirisch-theologischen Untersuchung am Beispiel eines SOLAs. Es wurden qualitative Interviews mit Jugendlichen durchgefuhrt, die uber die SOLA-Arbeit eine Glaubensgenese erlebt haben. Die erhobenen Daten wurden mit der Grounded-Theory-Methodik nach Breuer (2009) ausgewertet und mit den Theorien zur Glaubensgenese von Engel (1989), Grom (1992) und Zulehner (2008) in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse wurden auf die einzelnen Elemente angewendet, die bei der Gestaltung einer Freizeit zur Verfugung stehen. Damit ist eine Hilfestellung entstanden, die Veranstaltern von Freizeiten eine Orientierung geben kann, auf welche Elemente einer Freizeit besonders zu achten ist, wenn eine Glaubensgenese erwunscht ist. / This research paper analyzes the impact Christian recreational activities have on the emergence of young people’s faith. Using the example of SOLA, the analysis is based on empiric-theological research. Young people, whose faith has emerged through SOLA were interviewed qualitatively. The data retrieved was analyzed using the grounded theory method by Breuer (2009) and put into relation to the theories of Engel (1989), Grom (1992) and Zulehner (2008) about how faith emerges. Furthermore, these results were applied to the individual elements available through the organization of camps. The outcomes the author has established are of assistance to all parties involved in the organization of christian recreational activities, who want to improve their programs toward impacting the emergence of faith in their participants. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-01-20T13:43:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Moraes Assis - 2015.pdf: 6677163 bytes, checksum: a2704584ebce8e9d25969d79a0fc639e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-01-21T07:11:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Moraes Assis - 2015.pdf: 6677163 bytes, checksum: a2704584ebce8e9d25969d79a0fc639e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-21T07:11:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Moraes Assis - 2015.pdf: 6677163 bytes, checksum: a2704584ebce8e9d25969d79a0fc639e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Despite not being a common subject of studies about buffalo, the incidence of hulls diseases has important scientific aspects as these animals, as they are breeded in adverse conditions, have different resistance for the occurrence of podais diseases when compared to cattle, especially dairy cattle. The knowledge about microstructural structures of buffalo’s hoof generated important information for understanding of the intrinsic resistance of buffaloes foot diseases. This study aimed to investigate the microstructure of adult Jafarabadi buffaloes, through histomorphometric ratings, two-dimensional microtomography, three-dimensional, nanohardness test and biochemical composition. Histomorphometric ratings revealed important features not yet investigated by other researchers, highlighting the structural behavior of epidermal papillae in different regions of corneal layer, the morphology and disposition of the horn tubules, the architecture of extratubular and intratubular keratin and even organization of melanosomes . It was observed that the average length of buds, thickness and spacing in pelvic and thoracic digit did not show statistically significant differences. However, an increase in thickness of the laminar corium papillae of the wall and spacing was observed when comparing the average of the coronary corium and wall and sole laminar corium. When compared to the findings of other researchers, this study have shown that the epidermal papillae on the hulls of these animals are presented larger than the epidermal papillae of Holstein and Gir animals, suggesting that the buffalo’s has greater keratin production and better epidermis and horny case fixing. It can be conjectured that such characteristics are associate with greater resistance to foot diseases of this animals, although additional studies are needed. Analysis of microtomography and nanohardness test showed increased medial digit of forelimbs and side-digit of hindlimbs exhibit increased horn tubules with larger diameters. But the abaxial wall of forelimbs digit showed higher values than hindlimbs digit. Even there was not significant difference between the digits analyzed, this study could clarify important aspects of the nanohardness of different regions of the corneal case of buffalo’s digits. 3D microtomography analysis revealed that the dorsal wall presents a greater hardness compared to the abaxial wall of intermediate hardness, and with the sole of the hoof, that showed the lowest hardness among the evaluated areas. It was inferred that tridimensional microtomography testing is more specific than Vickers nanohardness test for this structure. However, further research are required. Biochemical tests generated parameters about structural elements of the corneal case, which showed different concentrations in relation to the region and anatomical position of the hull. These differences are related to the digits wich recive higher load of body weight and impact. This study generated knowledge and parameters to be used in further researches on different bovine species and breeds. / As enfermidades de cascos, apesar de ser alvo de poucos estudos na espécie bubalina, apresentam aspectos científicos importantes uma vez que estes animais, mesmo criados em condições adversas, apresentam resistência diferenciada quanto à ocorrência de doenças podais, quando comparados aos bovinos, com destaque para os de aptidão leiteira. Acredita-se que o conhecimento microestrutural do casco de bubalinos gerou informações importantes para melhor entendimento da resistência podal intrínseca dos bubalinos às enfermidades podais. O presente estudo teve por finalidade pesquisar a microestrutura do estojo córneo de búfalas adultas, raça Jafarabadi, por meio de avaliações histomorfométricas, microtomografia bidimensional, tridimensional, teste de nanodureza e composição bioquímica. As avaliações histomorfométricas em bubalinos revelaram características importantes ainda não investigadas por outros pesquisadores, destacando o comportamento estrutural das papilas epidérmicas nas diferentes regiões do estojo córneo, a morfologia e disposição dos túbulos córneos, a arquitetura da queratina extratubular e intratubular e ainda organização dos melanossomas. Pode-se observar nessas avaliações que as médias de comprimento das papilas, espessura e espaçamento nos dígitos dos membros pélvicos e torácicos não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas entre si. Todavia, ao comparar as médias do córion coronário, córion laminar da muralha e sola, observou-se entre as regiões do estojo córneo, um aumento da espessura das papilas do córion laminar da muralha e do espaçamento comparando-se as demais regiões. Os achados dessa pesquisa quando comparados aos achados de outros pesquisadores, demonstraram que as papilas epidérmicas nos cascos desses animais, apresentam-se maiores que as papilas epidérmicas de bovinos das raças, Holandesa e Gir, sugerindo que possuem maior capacidade de produção de queratina e melhor fixação da epiderme ao estojo córneo. Contudo, pôde-se conjecturar tais características com a maior resistência desses animais as enfermidades podais, embora haja a necessidade de estudos adicionais. Por meio das análises de microtomografia e teste de nanodureza, pode-se verificar que os dígitos mediais dos membros torácicos e os dígitos laterais dos membros pélvicos apresentaram maior quantidade de túbulos córneos com diâmetros maiores. Porém, a muralha abaxial dos dígitos dos membros torácicos apresentaram valores superiores aos dígitos dos membros pélvicos. Apesar de não ter sido observada diferença significativa entre os dígitos estudados, o presente estudo pôde esclarecer, ainda, aspectos importantes sobre a nanodureza das diferentes regiões do estojo córneo dos dígitos de bubalinos. A análise de microtomografia 3D revelou que a muralha dorsal apresenta maior dureza quando comparada com a muralha abaxial, de dureza intermediária, bem como, com a sola do casco, que apresentou menor dureza entre as regiões avaliadas. Inferiu-se assim que o teste de microtomografia tridimensional seja mais específico que o teste de nanodureza de Vickers para a estrutura considerada. No entanto, tal afirmação requer pesquisas adicionais. Os testes bioquímicos geraram parâmetros quanto aos elementos estruturais do estojo córneo, que demonstraram diferentes concentrações em relação à região e posição anatômica do casco, sendo essas diferenças associadas aos dígitos que recebem maior sobrecarga de massa corporal e impacto. O presente estudo gerou conhecimento e parâmetros a serem utilizados em outras investigações científicas, em outras espécies e raças de bovídeos.

Theological divisions are threatening the Seventh-day Adventist Church’s unity and focus on mission. Some Adventist theologians suggest that the cause of these divisions is a departure by other Adventist theologians from adhering to and applying the sola Scriptura principle. This study analyzes this problem. Chapter one presents reasons for a call during the 16th century, to reform the church to its apostolic purity. Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers argued against the medieval church, popes, and church councils’ claim for authority to properly interpret and teach Scripture and Tradition. Differing views of reforming the church sparked divisions among the Protestant Reformers, creating two main streams, the magisterial and the radical Reformers. The Roman Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformations with a Counter-Reformation. Chapter two discusses Seventh-day Adventism’s application of the sola Scriptura principle. Although Adventism claims to descend from the radical wing of the Protestant Reformations, its acceptance of Ellen G. White’s prophetic ministry and her non-canonical inspired writings departs from a radical application of the sola Scriptura principle. Chapter three presents Biblical evidences for God’s use of multiple media of communication beside the Bible. Therefore Adventism needs to clearly define its understanding and application of the sola Scriptura principle to accommodate other theological sources in addition to the Bible. Chapter four presents Scripture in Zambian Adventist context, tracing Adventism’s use of the Bible in evangelization. Adventism’s responses to changing socio-political and religiopluralistic trends which threatened to marginalize Bible Instructions, and the development of, but failed attempt to implement an Adventist Bible-based Religious Education syllabus at Rusangu Secondary School are presented. Chapter five gives the general summary, conclusion and recommendations. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)

Une question demeure récurrente : les divisions qui subsistent depuis le XVIè siècle entre Catholiques, Luthériens et Réformés sont-elles autant d’ordre anthropologique que théologique ? Cette problématique paraissant pouvoir être soutenue, il convenait alors de déterminer les différends anthropologiques, de les analyser et de se demander s’ils sont une entrave à la Κοινωνία. L’étude de la situation au XVIè siècle a permis de conclure que les concepts anthropologiques portés par une philosophie existentielle ont joué un rôle important dans la rupture au sein de l’Église d’Occident. Le retour sur la pensée de Pannenberg, Moltmann, Rahner, théologiens de trois confessions différentes, autorise à dire qu’au XXè siècle la vision de l’homme a toujours une incidence sur les concepts théologiques, mais les différences sont de moins en moins séparatrices et deviennent souvent des dons à partager. L’analyse de dialogues œcuméniques a mis en évidence que les différends anthropothéologiques ont été partiellement réconciliés et font l’objet d’accords, voire d’une déclaration commune sur la Doctrine de la Justification. Aujourd’hui, un défi reste à relever celui d’une déclaration sur le Ministère en vue du partage à la même table eucharistique. Une démarche de consensus différencié serait une aide à la recherche d’une pleine communion. / An issue has been ever recurring : are the discords which have been going on since sixteenth century between Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists as much anthropological as theological ? As this question can be supported it seems suitable to determine these anthropological disagreements, analyse them and wonder whether or not they are obstacle to the Κοινωνία. A study concerning the situation during the XVIth century has allowed to conclude that the anthropological concepts conveyed by an existential philosophy have played a mojor role in the severing within the Western Church. The return on the thoughts developed by Pannenberg, Moltmann and Rahner, theologians of three different confessions, allows us to tell that in the XXth. century man’s vision has always an incidence on the theological concepts but are less and less separative and are often gifts to be shared. The analysis of ecumenical dialogues have clearly shown that theanthropological disagreements have been partly reconciled and are now subject to consensus, even a joint declaration on the doctrine of justification. Today we have to take up a challenge about a declaration on the ministry in order to share the body of Christ at the same table. A differing consensus method could be a help to find a complete communion.

Theological divisions are threatening the Seventh-day Adventist Church’s unity and focus on mission. Some Adventist theologians suggest that the cause of these divisions is a departure by other Adventist theologians from adhering to and applying the sola Scriptura principle. This study analyzes this problem. Chapter one presents reasons for a call during the 16th century, to reform the church to its apostolic purity. Martin Luther and other Protestant Reformers argued against the medieval church, popes, and church councils’ claim for authority to properly interpret and teach Scripture and Tradition. Differing views of reforming the church sparked divisions among the Protestant Reformers, creating two main streams, the magisterial and the radical Reformers. The Roman Catholic Church responded to the Protestant Reformations with a Counter-Reformation. Chapter two discusses Seventh-day Adventism’s application of the sola Scriptura principle. Although Adventism claims to descend from the radical wing of the Protestant Reformations, its acceptance of Ellen G. White’s prophetic ministry and her non-canonical inspired writings departs from a radical application of the sola Scriptura principle. Chapter three presents Biblical evidences for God’s use of multiple media of communication beside the Bible. Therefore Adventism needs to clearly define its understanding and application of the sola Scriptura principle to accommodate other theological sources in addition to the Bible. Chapter four presents Scripture in Zambian Adventist context, tracing Adventism’s use of the Bible in evangelization. Adventism’s responses to changing socio-political and religiopluralistic trends which threatened to marginalize Bible Instructions, and the development of, but failed attempt to implement an Adventist Bible-based Religious Education syllabus at Rusangu Secondary School are presented. Chapter five gives the general summary, conclusion and recommendations. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)