LAKE SURFACE TEMPERATURE DETERMINED BY SATELLITE IMAGES Abstract The aim of this master thesis is to create a method to determine surface temperature of water in lake Osoyoos (LSWT - Lake Surface Water Temperature). It is necessary to know this temperature in order to make easier decisions in a paradigm of global warming processes. Thanks to LSWT it is possible to make a timeline visualisation of temperature development in years. The first chapter deals with a physical definition of how to get thermal information - the basis of remote thermal sensing is measuring of radiance intensity and it's transformation to brightness temperature. This radiation is not only influenced by atmospheric properties but also by local climatic and meteorological conditions, but it is also influenced by the relief. The thesis seeks to create a method for calculating surface temperature of lake Osoyoos located at Canadian-American border. This calculation is based on data provided by ASTER using a split-window method. The method works with the differences in bands of sensing in order to remove atmospheric influences. This thesis contains several charts, graphs and pictures. The final result of this paper is a map of distribution of lake surface water temperatures. Keywords: Thermal remote sensing, land surface temperature, ASTER, TIR

Consideremos A e B duas álgebras de Artin tais que é uma extensão cindida de A pelo ideal Q, onde é um ideal nilpotente de B. Estudamos algumas propriedades homológicas das categorias modA e modB, tais como dimensão projetiva e injetiva. A partir disso mostramos que se B pertence a uma das seguintes classes: hereditária, laura, fracamente shod, shod, quase inclinada, colada à esquerda, colada à direita ou disfarçada; então A pertence a mesma classe. Além disso, restringindo nosso estudo para álgebras de dimensão finita sobre um corpo algebricamente fechado, comparamos as respectivas aljavas ordinárias, bem como suas apresentações. Finalmente, após caracterizarmos o ideal Q, exibimos alguns exemplos de extensões no contexto de álgebras de caminhos com relações, que mostram que A pode ser de uma das classes citadas sem que B o seja / Let A and B be two Artin algebras such that B is a split-by-nilpotent extension of A by Q, were Q is a nilpotent ideal of B. We study some homological properties of the categories mod A and mod B such that the projetive and the injetive dimensions of their objects. Using this we show that if B belongs to one of this classes: hereditary, laura, weakly shod, shod, quasi-tilted, left glued, right glued or concealed; then A belongs to same class. Moreover restricting our study to finite dimensional algebras over algebraically closed fields, we compare the ordinary quivers and presentations of the corresponding algebras. Finally, after giving a characterization of ideal Q as above, we exhibit some exemples of split extensions in the context of path algebras bounded by relations, which shows that A can be one of the above cited algebras without B so

Ma thèse porte sur l'altérité dans les œuvres de Milan Kundera et Agota Kristof. Leur style opposé est lié par leur méfiance vis-à-vis du lyrisme et de la mimésis. De plus, les auteurs ont une biographie similaire ayant vécu la guerre, le totalitarisme soviétique et l'exil. Dans cette étude comparative, j'interroge l'altérité et son rôle dans la construction des œuvres. Ma recherche se déploie sur quatre axes : l'écriture, le discours, le corps et la création. Je tisse parfois des liens avec la philosophie, la peinture et le cinéma. La philosophie et la linguistique sont les "voies royales" vers une définition de l'altérité et des notions associées. Elles révèlent leurs implications directes dans l'écriture. La fragmentation mêle différents points de vue, niveaux narratifs et types de récits. Une perpétuelle construction/ déconstruction des éléments de la fiction retranscrit l'altérité. L'altérité fait la part belle à la pluralité des discours. L'opposition entre les différents discours (interne/externe, direct/indirect) au sein du Moi expose ainsi son altérité interne. A contrario, le dialogue exprime sa perte. Tandis que la polyphonie et le dialogisme mêlent et/ou opposent plusieurs voix: du moi, de l'autre, de la société et dans le cas de Kristof, le discours officiel. La troisième partie définie ce que je nomme l'écriture corporelle. Différents discours mènent à différentes acceptions et expériences du corps. Il peut alors être l'autre, l'étranger voire l'ennemi possédant d'ailleurs son propre discours révélateur. / The subject of my thesis is the otherness in the work of Agota Kristof and Milan Kundera. Their opposite styles are link by their defiance towards lyricism and mimesis. Moreover, they have a similar biography for they underwent the war, the soviet totalitarianism and exile. In this comparative study I interrogate the notion and its role in the shaping of the authors' writing. My inquiry focuses on four main subjects divided into fourth parts: the writing, the discourse, the body and creation. My method is interdisciplinary for I use the work of critics such as levinas, Lacan or Bakhtine. In the first part, I define and present the implications of the otherness and related notions regarding the construction of the novel. The writing relies on fragmentation by mixing different points of view, levels of narration and narratives (dream sequences, autobiography, anecdotes). Various elements are constructed and deconstructed expressing the split dynamic. The second part deals with the discourse regarding otherness. Seemingly opposite speeches (internal/external, direct/indirect) express that of the self. Paradoxically, the dialogue leads to the loss of otherness. Polyphony intertwines several voices: of the self, of the other, of society and in Kristof's case, of the officials. Does Otherness rely on their equilibrium? Yet, otherness begs the question regarding the link between the body and the discourse. The third part defines a corporal writing. Different discourses invite various understandings and experiences of the body for he can also appear to be the other.

"This work describes the integrated circuit design of a 16-bit, 10Msample/sec, combination ‘split’ interleaved analog to digital converter. Time interleaving of analog to digital converters has been used successfully for many years as a technique to achieve faster speeds using multiple identical converters. However, efforts to achieve higher resolutions with this technique have been difficult due to the precise matching required of the converter channels. The most troublesome errors in these types of converters are gain, offset and timing differences between channels. The ‘split ADC’ is a new concept that allows the use of a deterministic, digital, self calibrating algorithm. In this approach, an ADC is split into two paths, producing two output codes from the same input sample. The difference of these two codes is used as the calibration signal for an LMS error estimation algorithm that drives the difference error to zero. The ADC is calibrated when the codes are equal and the output is taken as the average of the two codes. The ‘split’ ADC concept and interleaved architecture are combined in this IC design to form the core of a high speed, high resolution, and self-calibrating ADC system. The dual outputs are used to drive a digital calibration engine to correct for the channel mismatch errors. This system has the speed benefits of interleaving while maintaining high resolution. The hardware for the algorithm as well as the ADC can be implemented in a standard 0.25um CMOS process, resulting in a relatively inexpensive solution. This work is supported by grants from Analog Devices Incorporated (ADI) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). "

Neste trabalho, estudamos o problema de encontrar grafos extremais com rela c~ao a energia laplaciana sem sinal. Mais especi camente, procuramos grafos com a maior energia laplaciana sem sinal em determinadas classes. Nesse sentido, conjecturamos que o grafo unic clico conexo com a maior energia laplaciana sem sinal e o grafo formado por um tri^angulo com v ertices pendentes distribu dos balanceadamente e provamos parcialmente essa conjectura. Tal resultado foi provado tamb em para a energia laplaciana. Al em disso, conjecturamos que o grafo com a maior energia laplaciana sem sinal dentre todos os grafos com n v ertices e o grafo split completo com uma clique de [n+1/ 3] v ertices e provamos tal conjectura para algumas classes de grafos, em particular, para arvores, grafos unic clicos e bic clicos. / In this work, we study the problem of nding extremal graphs with relation to the signless Laplacian energy. More speci cally, we look for graphs with the largest signless Laplacian energy inside certains classes. In this sense, we conjecture that the connected unicyclic graph with the largest signless Laplacian energy is the graph consisting of a triangle with balanced distributed pendent vertices and we partially prove this conjecture. This result was also proved for the Laplacian energy. Moreover we conjecture that the graph with the largest signless Laplacian energy among all graphs with n vertices is the complete split graph with a clique of [n+1/ 3] vertices and we prove this conjecture for some classes of graphs, in particular, for trees, for unicyclic and bicyclic graphs.

Orientador: Marisa Aparecida Cabrini Gabrielli / Banca: Luis Geraldo Vaz / Banca: Eduardo Hochuli Vieira / Banca: Alexandre Elias Trivelato / Banca: Luciana Asprino / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a resistência ao deslocamento vertical de seis métodos de fixação interna estáveis utilizados na osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular (OSRM) no movimento de avanço mandibular com rotação anti-horária. Foram utilizadas sessenta hemimandíbulas sintéticas, divididas em seis grupos de 10 hemimandíbulas, todas fixadas com sistema de fixação 2,0 mm da seguinte forma: Grupo I - 1 miniplaca reta de quatro furos e quatro parafusos monocorticais de 6,0 mm; Grupo II - 1 miniplaca reta de seis furos e seis parafusos monocorticais de 6,0 mm; Grupo III - 2 miniplacas retas de quatro furos e oito parafusos monocorticais de 6,0 mm; Grupo IV - 1 placa grade de oito furos e oito parafusos monocorticais de 6,0 mm; Grupo V - 1 miniplaca reta de quatro furos com quatro parafusos monocorticais de 6,0 mm e um parafuso bicortical 2,0 x 12 mm; Grupo VI - 1 miniplaca reta de quatro furos, locking e quatro parafusos monocorticais de 6,0 mm locking. O teste mecânico foi realizado por meio da aplicação de uma força linear na região entre o primeiro pré-molar e canino, em uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos (EMIC- DL2000) com célula de carga de 10 kilogramas Newton (kN). As cargas para o deslocamento de 1, 3 e 5 mm foram registados em Newton (N) e os dados foram transmitidos para um computador. Os resultados foram avaliados utilizando a análise de variância ANOVA (p <0,001) e teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos. O sistema de fixação testado nas três condições de deslocamento m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study evaluated the resistance to vertical displacement of six stable fixation methods for the sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in the mandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation. Sixty synthetic hemimandibles were used. They were divided into six groups of 10 hemimandibles, all hemimandibles were fixed with 2.0 mm system as follows: Group I - fixation with a straight four-hole miniplate and four monocortical screws 6.0 mm; Group II - a straight six-hole miniplate and six monocortical screws 6.0 mm; Group III - two straight four-hole miniplates and eight monocortical screws 6.0 mm; Group IV - an eight-hole (grid plate) and eight monocortical screws 6.0 mm; Group V - a four-hole straight miniplate with four monocortical screws 6.0 mm and 2.0 x 12 mm bicortical screw; Group VI - a straight four-hole locking miniplate and four monocortical screws locking 6.0 mm. Biomechanical evaluation was performed by applying a linear force in the region between the canine and first premolar, using a mechanical testing machine (EMIC- DL2000) with loading cell of 10 kN. The loads at 1, 3 and 5 mm of displacement were recorded in N and the data were transmitted from the load cell to a computer. Results were analyzed using the variance analysis ANOVA (p < 0.001) and Tukey post-test for comparison between the groups. For the three displacement conditions fixation with two straight 2.0 mm plates and with the grid plate presented higher load values. / Doutor

Abstract available in the Medicine and Sciences in Sports and Exercise.

One of the least controlled defects in Swiss cheese is development of splits. Split defect is characterized by fissures or cracks in the body of the cheese that can be as short as 1 cm in length or long enough to span a 90-kg block. This defect appears during refrigerated storage after the cheese is removed from the warm room. Swiss cheese with splits is downgraded because it is unsuitable for use on high-speed slicing equipment (up to 1,000 slices per minute). A 2x2x2 factorial experiment was used to determine the effect of different commercial Lactobacillus helveticus starters combined with commercial gas-forming strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii on the occurrence of split defect in Swiss cheese. Two strains of L. helveticus recommended for Swiss cheese manufacture were used along with two strains of P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii. The same strain of Streptococcus thermophilus was used in all treatments. To investigate the influence of seasonal variations in milk supply, eight vats were made in the summer and eight vats were made in the winter, each producing five 90-kg blocks of cheese. Each 90-kg block of cheese was cut into twenty-four 4-kg blocks, and each 4-kg block was graded based on the presence of splits. If splits were present, the cheese was downgraded from A to C grade. Only small variations were found in the composition of cheeses made during the same season. There were no correlations between cheese moisture, pH, fat, protein, calcium, lactose contents, D/L lactate ratio, or protein degradation that could be used to predict the amount of splits present after 90 d of storage. The extent of split formation was influenced by both the L. helveticus and P. freudenreichii ssp. shermanii cultures used. In this study, we were able to show a fivefold reduction in downgraded cheese through proper culture selection from 90% to 14% in the summer cheese. Even though less than 6% of the cheese split in the winter, the culture effect was nonetheless repeatable with a similar reduction through culture selection from 6% to 1% in winter cheese. Split formation also increases with storage time. If a cheese has a tendency to split, there will be a higher percentage of downgraded cheese the longer it is kept in storage.

本研究之研究目的旨在探討國內上市公司進行撤資活動對其股價與未來營運績效所產生的影響。研究期間為民國八十年一月一日至八十六年十二月三十一日，經搜集相關資料後共取得57個符合條件的撤資樣本。本研究以撤資宣告日前31日至宣告日前120日為市場模式之估計期，而以撤資宣告日前300日至宣告日後30日為事件觀察期，採用事件研究法分析撤資賣方公司的撤資宣告效果。除此之外，本研究亦以五日累積異常報酬為依變數，而以公司規模、撤資規模、撤資損益、公司財務狀況、股票市場多空為自變數進行橫斷面複迴歸分析，試圖找出影響累積異常報酬的因素，最後並利用簡單迴歸模型進一步比較公司撤資前後之營運績效是否有顯著差異，經由實證分析後得到以下研究結論： 一、撤資宣告對公司股價的變動具有顯著正面的影響，股東在公司宣告撤資期間可享有超額報酬。 二、我國上市公司在宣告撤資時，其撤資相對處分損益對股價的撤資宣告效果具有顯著正面的影響；至於撤資交易的規模大小則對股價的撤資宣告效果沒有顯著的影響。 三、我國上市公司在宣告撤資時，其撤資後有無清償債務對於股價的撤資宣告效果會有不同的影響。 四、公司進行撤資對其未來的營運績效沒有顯著正面的影響。顯示公司在進行撤資後，其營運績效沒有獲得大幅地改善。 最後，本研究以研究結論，分別針對政府、企業界、投資者及後續研究者提出一些建議，期盼這些建議能夠對於其從事相關決策、學術研究時有所助益。

Le LHC est un collisionneur de protons avec une énergie de 14 TeV dans le centre de masse, situé au CERN (Genève, Suisse). Les premières collisions sont attendues à l'été 2009. L'expérience ATLAS est l'une des deux expériences généralistes installées sur le LHC. L'énergie disponible ainsi que la haute luminosité de celui-ci permettra à l'expérience ATLAS de rechercher le boson de Higgs ainsi que d'autres nouvelles particules prédites par les modèles de physique au-delà du modèle standard.<br /><br />Les électrons occupent une place importante pour la mesure du modèle standard ainsi que la recherche de nouvelle physique. Ils procurent<br />également de nombreux indicateurs des performances du détecteur. D'autre part, avec 10**5 jets hadroniques attendus pour chaque électron, une sévère discrimination du bruit de fond est nécessaire.<br /><br />Dans cette thèse, la reconstruction et l'identification des électrons dans le détecteur ATLAS est présentée. Plusieurs variables sont étudiées pour rejeter le bruit de fond hadronique et électromagnétique tout en optimisant l'efficacité du signal. Les performances d'identification des électrons et de réjection du bruit de fond sont estimés dans un environement de détection potentiellement défavorable.<br /><br />La recherche de la supersymétrie est l'un des objectifs primaires de l'expérience ATLAS. Dans cette thèse, les signatures d'un modèle supersymétrique dans lequel les scalaires sont découplés sont étudiés. Le potentiel de découverte est quantifié. Les mesures réalisables, leurs bruits de fonds et leurs incertitudes sont investigués. Ces observables sont ensuite utilisées pour estimer le potentiel de détermination des paramètres du modèle au LHC.