In this research report the estate implications for a marriage or civil partnership, entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act, are identified by determining the impact thereof and whether or not there are any differences with regard to the estate implications of a traditional marriage. The Civil Union Act came into effect to give legality to the relationship between homosexual couples by providing the option to conclude a marriage or civil partnership. Both of these institutions thus have the same legal consequences. According to Section 13 of the Civil Union Act the implications of the Marriage Act also apply to the Civil Union Act. The feasibility of this principle is not taken into account regarding estate implications. Since a marriage and civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act differs from a traditional marriage, it leads to uncertainty with regard to the application of this principle. This uncertainty and estate implications are the topic of this study. The total effect of the Civil Union Act is not discussed in the Civil Union Act, but rather consists of references to other legislation. Consequently the specific estate implications for a marriage or civil partnership, entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act, are discussed with specific focus on marriage regimes, maintenance, purchasing of household necessities, donations and tax benefits. Both the position before and after the Civil Union Act are considered. Firstly marriage regimes are discussed since it is the first step in identifying estate implications for the marriage or civil partnership. Maintenance is considered a direct result of a marriage and is referred to in many laws. It is therefore necessary to discuss the content of the legislation and whether or not it is compatible with the Civil Union Act. The buying of household necessities, donations and tax benefits has a unique effect on a marriage and the focus in this study is on the effect it has on a marriage and civil partnership entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act. The conclusion is that this research report will provide clarity on what exactly the estate implications are for parties who have married or concluded a civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

In this research report the estate implications for a marriage or civil partnership, entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act, are identified by determining the impact thereof and whether or not there are any differences with regard to the estate implications of a traditional marriage. The Civil Union Act came into effect to give legality to the relationship between homosexual couples by providing the option to conclude a marriage or civil partnership. Both of these institutions thus have the same legal consequences. According to Section 13 of the Civil Union Act the implications of the Marriage Act also apply to the Civil Union Act. The feasibility of this principle is not taken into account regarding estate implications. Since a marriage and civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act differs from a traditional marriage, it leads to uncertainty with regard to the application of this principle. This uncertainty and estate implications are the topic of this study. The total effect of the Civil Union Act is not discussed in the Civil Union Act, but rather consists of references to other legislation. Consequently the specific estate implications for a marriage or civil partnership, entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act, are discussed with specific focus on marriage regimes, maintenance, purchasing of household necessities, donations and tax benefits. Both the position before and after the Civil Union Act are considered. Firstly marriage regimes are discussed since it is the first step in identifying estate implications for the marriage or civil partnership. Maintenance is considered a direct result of a marriage and is referred to in many laws. It is therefore necessary to discuss the content of the legislation and whether or not it is compatible with the Civil Union Act. The buying of household necessities, donations and tax benefits has a unique effect on a marriage and the focus in this study is on the effect it has on a marriage and civil partnership entered into in terms of the Civil Union Act. The conclusion is that this research report will provide clarity on what exactly the estate implications are for parties who have married or concluded a civil partnership in terms of the Civil Union Act. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The purpose of this research was to describe and explain crimes against women in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was conducted by means of a literature review, followed by empirical research, based on police dockets, against the background of Seligman's theory on learned helplessness. The literature review was used to design a research schedule. The schedule was used for data capturing from police dockets from the Crime Information Analysis Centre (QAQ at their Gauteng Regional office in Johannesburg. From this data, a convenience sample, consisting of 303 cases, was compiled. These cases were reported at the charge offices of Pretoria-Moot Villieria, Pretoria-North, Pretoria-West Eersterust and Hillbrow, for the period between 1 January 1997 and 1 March 1998. Finally, recommendations are made for the design of preventative strategies, and suggestions are made for possible future research. / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om misdade teen vroue in die Gauteng Provinsie van Suid-Afrika te beskryf en te verklaar. Dit is gedoen aan die hand van literatuurstudie, en is uitgebrei met 'n empiriese ondersoek wat op polisiedossiere ebaseer is, teen die agtergrond van Seligman se teorie van aangeleerde hulpeloosheid. Die literatuurstudie is gebruik om 'n skedule te ontwerp. Die navorsingskedule is gebruik vir datavangs uit polisiedossiere. Die polisiedossiere van die Misdaadinligting-Analisesentrum (MIAS) van Gauteng se streekkantoor in Johannesburg is gebruik vir die samestelling van 'n gerieflikheidsteekproef bestaande uit 303 gevalle. Hierdie gevalle kom uit die aanmeldings by die aanklagkantore van Pretoria-Moot/ Villieria, Pretoria-Noord, Pretoria-Wes, Eersterust en Hillbrow, en wel tussen 1 Januarie 1997 en 1 Maart 1998. Ten slotte word aanbevelings vir die ontwerp van voorkomingstrategie gedoen en voorstelle vir moontlike toekomstige navorsing gemaak. / Criminology / M.A. (Criminology)

This qualitatively oriented Practical Theology research journey, informed by postmodernism and social constructionism, was based on a narrative enquiry into the healing and renegotiation of identity of five "faithful spouses" post infidelity and divorce. These conversations occurred within a small group context, where narratives were spoken and witnessed (pastoral therapeutic gatherings), and were aimed at enabling the participants to remember and re-author preferred identities and new ways of being. This dissertation attempts to bring together the narratives of the participants, the literature, narrative therapy and pastoral care. My research curiosity was prompted by my mother's experience of divorce, and by the myriad number of conversations I have had with both "infidels" and "faithful spouses" in my pastoral practice. This research journey examines the process of co-creating, along with my fellow travellers (research participants), a viable model of divorce recovery in the face of infidelity and divorce. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Pastoral Theology)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the cross-cultural adjustment of the expatriate spouse and their level of subjective well-being. Demographic factors were considered to identify life domains that may affect cross-cultural adjustment and subjective well-being respectively. The Spousal Adjustment Scale, Scale of Positive and Negative Experience, Satisfaction with life scale, and Flourishing scale were used in the study. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was used, and a purposive sample which consisted of expatriate spouses currently residing in Germany was approached (N=156). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were applied. The results yielded a statistically significant correlation between cross-cultural adjustment and subjective well-being of expatriate spouses and indicated statistically significant differences between demographic groups including language proficiency, dependents, time spent in host country, nationality, career sacrifice, and support network. It was concluded that there is a positive relationship between the cross-cultural adjustment of the expatriate spouse and their well-being and that various demographic factors can influence both constructs. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Andre de Castro Guerra.pdf: 641515 bytes, checksum: ee219912a83c1db4b0242b77d8dc32a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 / Under the Federal Constitution the concept of spouse, companion and dependents should reflect the contemporary position of the essential right to a social security pension, which is warranted to such beneficiaries of the deceased person covered by social security in the occurrence of death. Accordingly, it should be inquired up to what extent the essentiality of this social right has been receiving the deserved and indispensable attention by the jurists and a fair treatment in the court decisions; starting from the reasons that led the Constitution to distinguish the spouse from the companion and both from dependents in its text, and what arguments justify these legal figures jointly under the single title of dependents in the Constitution, as if the express distinction set out in the Constitution was superfluous and unnecessary; without disregarding other aspects of the family of the person covered by social security and those who survive him/her, needy of means to survive. The evaluation and adjustment of the tension of these and other legal situations to the essentiality of this right should follow the dynamics of the principles of the human being s dignity, solidarity, equality and of the constitutional principles that may be influenced by the stimulations and interferences of the day-to-day, in the dialectic relation that is established with the social fact, with the contribution of legal theory and jurisprudence. Thus, this essay competes with its view, under the constitutional perspective, on the subject concerning the beneficiaries of a pension for death of the person covered by social security / O que se entender por cônjuge, companheiro e dependentes à luz da Constituição da República há de evidenciar a visão contemporânea do direito fundamental a prestações da previdência social assegurado a tais beneficiários do segurado falecido para cobertura do evento morte. Dessa maneira, cumpre indagar até que ponto a fundamentalidade desse direito social tem merecido a indispensável atenção doutrinária e adequado tratamento pela jurisprudência. A começar, portanto, pelas razões que levaram o constituinte a distinguir o cônjuge do companheiro e ambos dos dependentes no texto constitucional, e que argumentos podem justificar essas figuras de direito reunidas sob o título singular de dependentes no texto legal, como se a distinção expressa do texto constitucional fosse supérflua e desnecessária. Sem descurar de outros aspectos da entidade familiar, integrada pelo segurado e pessoas que a ele sobreviveram, necessitados de meios para sobrevivência. Aferir e ajustar a tensão dessas e doutras situações jurídicas à fundamentalidade desse direito obedece à dinâmica dos princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana, da solidariedade, da igualdade e dos valores da Lei Maior, permeáveis aos estímulos e interferências do cotidiano, na relação dialética que se estabelece com o fato social e com a contribuição da doutrina e da jurisprudência. A dissertação concorre com a sua óptica, na perspectiva constitucional, sobre o tema dos beneficiários da pensão por morte

Introdução: Esse estudo investigou a violência de gênero contra mulheres profissionais de enfermagem perpetrada por parceiros íntimos (VPI), familiares e outros agressores. Objetivos: Estimar a ocorrência de violência psicológica, física, sexual; caracterizar os agressores, a busca de ajuda e locais procurados; analisar as diferenças entre enfermeiras e auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem quanto à freqüência da violência de gênero e verificar a nomeação de violência aos atos de agressão identificados. Métodos: Nesse estudo transversal foram entrevistadas 179 profissionais de 20 a 59 anos (50 enfermeiras e 129 auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem), utilizando-se um questionário validado e aplicado face a face por entrevistadoras treinadas. Resultados: A VPI foi a mais freqüente (63,7%; IC95%:55,7-70,4) seguida pela violência por outros (45,8%; IC95%:38,3-53,4) perpetrada por pacientes/acompanhantes, colegas de trabalho da área da saúde, estranhos, chefia de enfermagem e conhecidos. A violência por familiares ocupou o terceiro lugar (41,3%; IC95%: 34,0-48,9) e foi cometida, principalmente, por pai, irmãos (homens), tios e primos. Houve importante sobreposição dos tipos de VPI, sendo a forma exclusiva de violência psicológica a mais comum (19,2%), seguida pelas três formas (17,5%) e violência psicológica conjugada à física (14,7%). Auxiliares/técnicas de enfermagem referiram mais VPI que enfermeiras (p<0,05). As profissionais de enfermagem, de forma geral, buscaram pouca ajuda: 20,3% para a violência por outros, 29,3% para a violência por familiares e 29,7% para a VPI. Não perceberam o vivido como violento, 31,9% das entrevistadas. Conclusões: Os elevados índices de violência de gênero identificados evidenciam a presença dessa forma de violência também entre mulheres profissionais de saúde de alta escolaridade. Propõe-se que essa temática seja foco de atenção das equipes supervisoras nos locais de trabalho, através de uma abordagem acolhedora e ética. Sugere-se que o tema seja abordado para a proteção da saúde das profissionais e para uma melhor prática assistencial. / Background: This study investigated gender violence against female nursing staff perpetrated by male intimate partners (IPV), family members and other aggressors. Objectives: To estimate the occurrence of psychological, physical and sexual violence; characterize the aggressors, as well as the attempt to seek help and where it was sought; analyze the differences between nurses and nursing aides/technicians as to the frequency of gender violence and to verify if the acts of aggression are designated as violence. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 179 professionals, aged 20 to 59 years old, were interviewed (50 nurses and 129 nursing aides / nurse technicians). A validated questionnaire was applied in face to face interviews conducted by trained interviewers. Results: IPV was the most frequent form of violence (63.7%; IC95%:55.7-70.4), followed by violence perpetrated by others (45.8% IC95%: 38.3-53.4) including patients and people accompanying them, colleagues within the field of health, chiefs of the nursing staffs, acquaintances and strangers. Family members occupied the third place as aggressors, (41.3%; IC95%:34.0-48.9), and the majority of these were fathers, brothers, uncles and cousins. There was an important amount of overlap of the types of IPV, being that the most common exclusive form was psychological violence (19.2%), followed by psychological, physical and sexual violence in conjunction (17.5%) and then by both psychological and physical violence (14.7%). Nursing aides/ technicians mentioned the occurrence of IPV more frequently than did the nurses (p<0.05). In general, the nursing staff did not seek help frequently: only 20.3% of those who suffered violence from other aggressors, 29.3% from family members and 29.7% from IPV sought help. Those who did not perceive their experience as a form of violence represented 31.9% of the subjects interviewed. Conclusions: The high rates of gender violence identified in this study are evidence of the occurrence of this form of violence among female health professionals with high levels of education. It is suggested that team supervisors be encouraged to focus on this theme in the workplace, addressing it by means of an ethical and supportive approach. By contributing towards the protection of health professional\'s well being, this could also help improve the quality of assistance for which they are responsible.

本研究的主要抱負旨在，藉著分析實證人口普查資料俾便檢視，受限於某種不利的人口條件之桎梏，復加上對迥然相異的特殊生命歷程之體驗，生活在臺灣地區的不同省籍之住民，其如何受到諸如年齡、性別、教育程度等人口或社會經濟特徵之影響，因此決定了自身在某一個時間點上所歸屬的婚姻狀況，及伴隨而來在整個人口母群中婚姻狀況的非常態之集體分佈模式與深度階層化現象。在實際作法上，本研究乃選擇某一個時間橫斷面（一九九０年）為分析基準，並清楚展現位於該時點之上，臺灣地區十五歲以上人口的婚姻狀況之分佈模式所具有的省籍差異；接著則進一步探討省籍和年齡、性別、教育程度等變項間之互動情形，冀賴此釐清隱身於省籍差異表象其後的形塑機制或成因。至於在本研究的定義中，所謂婚姻狀況的「狀態集合」（state space），乃由「未婚」、「有配偶同居」、「離婚分居」與「喪偶」等四個互斥且週延的類屬所構成。 具體而言，本研究有著兩個主要發現：首先，即所謂的第一代外省籍男性，儘管他們之中絕大多數早已過了知天命之年，卻有著極高比例（約30%）仍然未婚，而此一現象有很大的部分乃肇因於移民人口中男多女少、極端不平衡的性比例組成。同時，我們還發現，一種深刻的婚姻階層化確實存在於第一代外省籍男性身上。理由是他們之中因為教育程度低下而遭排除在婚姻市場以外的情形相當嚴重：低學歷的第一代外省籍男性中有接近三分之一的人半被迫地保持無限期單身，此與高學歷的第一代外省籍男性中的未婚者之比例相差了近20%左右，而我們相信前者的構成主體極有可能就是一般社會意象中的自謀生活老兵。惟值得慶幸的是，此種未婚人口比例偏高及附帶產生的深刻婚姻階層化現象在55歲以下的「外省人」身上已不復見。 其次，則是全體「外省人」，尤以男性為然，似乎也比同年輪的本省籍對應群有著更高的離婚分居者之比例，而且至少在40歲以上的各年齡層中皆無例外。這意謂著離婚人口比例偏高在「外省人」（尤其是男性）中也呈現出一種代間一致性（如果我們將40歲以上的「外省人」以55歲為界分作兩個世代的話）。而在我們大致描繪出第一代外省籍男性離婚分居者有著相較於同輩的「本省人」或外省籍女性稍高的失能比例，而且低教育程度者在其中過度代表等特質後，另一種形式的婚姻階層化業已呼之欲出：我們以為，一般社會意象中所普遍指涉的自謀生活之外省籍老兵，於其年輕之際雖然囿於自身有限的教育程度及所得收入而被排除在競爭激烈的婚姻市場以外，但他們之中仍然有一些人可能不甘願於打一輩子光棍，只好退而求其次地降低標準，在逾半百之年後選擇臺灣社會裡處於邊緣地位的非外省籍婦女作為配偶。但無可諱言的是，這樣的組合幾乎得與所謂的「貧賤夫妻」劃上等號；再加上在如此的配對裡，夫妻之間的籍貫、熟悉的語言，生活背景等差距實在太大，幾乎毫無交集可言，我們因此不難想像該類的異質性婚姻（heterogamy）通常很有可能為時不久即告瓦解。雖然我們沒有很明確的證據來支持上述的推論，但我們以為其相當程度上應該可以比較合理地解釋為何55歲以上的外省籍男性離婚分居者中會以低教育程度者為過度代表，同時失能者比例也偏高的事實。至於55歲以下的第二代外省籍男性中仍有較大比例的離婚分居者之原因，由於久缺更為有力的線索，本文遂以移民特質─其因喪失固有親屬網絡，而後者又為緩衝或調解婚姻衝突的主要支持來源，從而產生降低婚姻品質並提高離婚機會的可能－權充說明，實則臆測成分過高，此乃大有進一步探究的必要。 最後，有關本研究所可能面臨到的重大限制主要皆存在於次級資料的適用性上，這可分三點說明。第一就是1956年的普查資料中，軍人並無入籍的問題，這無疑將會導致，在「外省人」的部份，整體性比例的計算被低估，同時可能也無法突顯出究竟在哪幾個單一年齡組中的性比例特別不均衡。第二，就是在我們欲以家戶為單位，從而挑選出於普查當時仍維持已婚或有配偶同居狀態者以進行夫妻雙方的人口屬性或社經特徵之媒合（match）分析時，這些偏誤的樣本（biased sample）─其偏誤性主要來自於排除掉其他曾經維持過已婚或有配偶同居狀態者，如普查當時的喪偶者及離婚分居者─所傳遞出來的訊息是否仍然具有價值則需要更仔細地加以評估。而最後也是最大的一個限制，無疑就是在大陸早有妻室的第一代外省籍男子可能於接受普查之時卻報告自己的身分為未婚。儘管如此，我們仍以為將反映出婚姻之實（de facto）而非婚姻之名（de jural）的普查資料作為分析對象毋寧更富意義，畢竟上述之人在臺灣的的確確過了四十年以上的非婚生活，吾輩焉能不察。在這種看法之下，本研究更需要注意的或許是所謂「自述偏差」之情況，此即受社會壓力影響而做不實宣稱之現象。 目錄 第一章、前言 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 「婚姻狀況」釋義 7 第三節 研究旨趣－人口的婚姻狀況之分佈 10 第四節 影響人口在婚姻狀況上的分佈之可能機制 13 一、生命歷程 13 二、人口條件 14 三、階層化 14 四、其他 15 第二章、文獻探討 17 第一節 生命歷程與婚姻 17 第二節 婚姻擠壓再探 19 第三節 臺灣歷史上的婚姻擠壓經驗 21 第四節 夫妻差異（spouse difference）與婚姻存續的關聯 23 第三章、研究架構 26 第一節 研究方法與分析資料 26 第二節 分析架構 28 第四章、分析結果 30 第一節 臺灣地區人口之婚姻狀況分佈的省籍差異－整體的初步探討 30 第二節 臺灣地區人口之婚姻狀況分佈的省籍差異－省籍和性別的互動 32 一、未婚 32 二、有配偶同居 34 三、離婚分居 37 四、喪偶 37 第三節 婚姻解組（marital dissolution）模式的省籍差異 40 第四節 第一代「外省人」與婚姻階層化 46 第五章、成因探討 50 第一節 第一代「外省人」的性別組成與婚姻擠壓 50 第二節 「外省」老兵特殊的軍旅生活經驗及其影響 50 第三節 外省籍離婚者的基本人口特徵分析 55 第六章、結論 60 第一節 主要研究發現 68 第二節 研究限制 71 參考書目 74 中文部分 74 英文部分 76 附錄 82 圖表目錄 圖1-1-1：一九九五年美國20歲以上人口的婚姻狀況按年齡組分 5 圖1-1-2：一九九０年臺灣地區20歲以上人口的婚姻狀況按年齡組分 5 圖1-3-1：二次戰後歷年臺灣地區人口的婚姻狀況分佈之變化 12 圖2-4-1：夫妻差異與離婚行為所具有的可能關聯形式 25 圖3-3-1：分析架構 28 圖4-1-1：一九九０年臺灣地區本省籍人口的婚姻狀況按單一年齡分 31 圖4-1-2：一九九０年臺灣地區外省籍人口的婚姻狀況按單一年齡分 31 圖4-1-3：一九九０年臺灣地區15歲以上人口中未婚者所佔比例按單一年齡分 33 圖4-1-4：一九九０年臺灣地區單一年齡人口中未婚者所佔比例按籍別及性別分 33 圖4-1-5：一九九０年臺灣地區15歲以上人口中有配偶同居者所佔比例按單一年齡分 35 圖4-1-6：一九九０年臺灣地區單一年齡人口中有配偶同居者所佔比例按籍別及性別分 35 圖4-1-7：一九九０年臺灣地區15歲以上人口中離婚分居者所佔比例按單一年齡分 36 圖4-1-8：一九九０年臺灣地區單一年齡人口中離婚分居者所佔比例按籍別及性別分 36 圖4-1-9：一九九０年臺灣地區15歲以上人口中喪偶者所佔比例按單一年齡分 39 圖4-1-10：一九九０年臺灣地區單一年齡人口中喪偶者所佔比例按籍別及性別分 39 圖4-2-1：一九九０年臺灣地區本省籍人口之婚姻解組模式按單一年齡分 41 圖4-2-2：一九九０年臺灣地區外省籍人口之婚姻解組模式按單一年齡分 41 圖4-2-3：一九九０年臺灣地區單一年齡人口之婚姻解組模式按籍別及性別分 43 圖4-2-4：一九九０年臺灣地區人口之性比例按年齡與籍別分 45 圖4-2-5：一九九０年台灣地區外省籍人口的年齡金字塔 45 圖4-3-1：一九九０年臺灣地區外省籍人口教育程度按年齡組及婚姻狀況分 47 圖4-3-2：一九九０年臺灣地區本省籍人口教育程度按年齡組及婚姻狀況分 47 圖4-3-3：一九九０年臺灣地區55歲及以上人口的婚姻狀況按籍別、性別與教育程度分 49 圖4-3-4：一九九０年臺灣地區15-54歲人口的婚姻狀況按籍別、性別與教育程度分 49 圖5-1-1：歷年外省籍人口之性比例按單一年齡分 54 表1-3-1：歷年美國人口（18歲及以上者）在四種婚姻狀況中的分佈情形 10 表1-3-2：歷年臺灣地區人口（15歲及以上者）在四種婚姻狀況中的分佈情形 10 表1-3-3：一九九五年美國人口的婚姻狀況分佈按年齡組分 11 表4-2-1：一九九０年臺灣地區結婚人數按新郎新娘婚前狀況及年齡組分 43 表5-1-1：一九四五年以後來臺「外省人」按來臺年分及性別分 51 表5-1-2：歷年外省籍現住人口性比例 52 表5-1-3：歷年外省籍人口之性比例按五歲年齡組分 53 表5-3-1：一九九０年臺灣地區的離婚分居者之年齡分佈按籍別與性別分 60 表5-3-2：一九九０年臺灣地區的離婚分居者之身體狀況按籍別及年齡組分 61 表5-3-3：一九九０年臺灣地區的外省籍離婚分居者之身體狀況按性別及年齡組分 61 表5-3-4：一九九０年臺灣地區的離婚分居者之教育程度按籍別及年齡組分 62 表5-3-5：一九九０年臺灣地區的外省籍離婚分居者之教育程度按性別及年齡組分 62 表5-3-6：一九九０年臺灣地區本省籍全體人口、外省籍全體人口、外省籍男性人口和外省籍女性人口的教育程度按年齡組分 63 表5-3-7：一九九０年臺灣地區本省籍全體、外省籍全體、外省籍男性和外省籍女性中離婚分居者的教育程度之代表性指標按年齡組分 64 附錄表1-1：抽樣之15-29歲的丈夫與其妻子之年齡差距（夫減妻）的次數分佈按夫妻省籍配對模式分 82 附錄表1-2：抽樣之15-29歲的丈夫與其妻子之教育程度的交叉比例分析按夫妻省籍配對模式分 83 附錄表2-1：抽樣之30-54歲的丈夫與其妻子之年齡差距（夫減妻）的次數分佈按夫妻省籍配對模式分 84 附錄表2-2：抽樣之30-54歲的丈夫與其妻子之教育程度的交叉比例分析按夫妻省籍配對模式分 85 附錄表3-1：抽樣之55歲以上的丈夫與其妻子之年齡差距（夫減妻）的次數分佈按夫妻省籍配對模式分 86 附錄表3-2：抽樣之55歲以上的丈夫與其妻子之教育程度的交叉比例分析按夫妻省籍配對模式分 87 / The purpose of this study is to explore the domicile difference-between Mainlanders and Taiwanese（except the Aborigines）-of distribution of marital status for total dwellers older than 15 in Taiwan Area. We argue that, dominated by somewhat disadvantageous population conditions（e.g. unbalanced sex ratio）, one who experienced his own unique life course（like migration event） must belong to some kind of marital status at a certain time according to his other characteristics such as domicile, sex, age and education, which will add up to an abcdrmal collective distribution pattern of marital status for the total population. Accordingly, this study is conducted by employing the 1990 census in Taiwan Area. Results suggest that, compared with female Mainlanders and all Taiwanese of the same cohort, the never-married and the divorced are significantly over-represented in the first-generation male Mainlanders who was older than 55 in 1990. We conclude that it is his socioeconomic status but not his domicile that determines whether the first-generation male Mainlander is never-married, married or unmarried in his late years. In other words, we believe that among the first-generation male Mainlanders does exist severe marriage stratification to some degree.

Dementia of Alzheimer‟s Type is a degenerative neurocognitive disease accounting for majority of Dementia‟s. It affects millions of people worldwide and thousands of people in South Africa. Apart from the economic burden this illness places on the country, it has detrimental effects for those who provide care for individuals with this illness, who are mostly spouses. The spousal caregivers bears great financial, social and emotional burden which worsens as the disease progresses. The aim of this study is to phenomenologically explore and describe the lived experiences of spousal caregivers in caring for the spouses with Dementia of Alzheimer‟s Type. This South African study was therefore qualitative in nature and was conducted in the province of KwaZulu- Natal, in the city of Pietermaritzburg. Eight participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The main findings of this study are the negative emotional affects that the caregiving role creates. Caregiver stress and strain is experienced as well as the experiences of various losses including lack of intimacy and ruined expectations for the future as the disease progresses. The caregiving role also created negative implications for the social lives of caregivers and coping mechanisms were seen to be very important. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

The purpose of this research was to describe and explain crimes against women in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was conducted by means of a literature review, followed by empirical research, based on police dockets, against the background of Seligman's theory on learned helplessness. The literature review was used to design a research schedule. The schedule was used for data capturing from police dockets from the Crime Information Analysis Centre (QAQ at their Gauteng Regional office in Johannesburg. From this data, a convenience sample, consisting of 303 cases, was compiled. These cases were reported at the charge offices of Pretoria-Moot Villieria, Pretoria-North, Pretoria-West Eersterust and Hillbrow, for the period between 1 January 1997 and 1 March 1998. Finally, recommendations are made for the design of preventative strategies, and suggestions are made for possible future research. / Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om misdade teen vroue in die Gauteng Provinsie van Suid-Afrika te beskryf en te verklaar. Dit is gedoen aan die hand van literatuurstudie, en is uitgebrei met 'n empiriese ondersoek wat op polisiedossiere ebaseer is, teen die agtergrond van Seligman se teorie van aangeleerde hulpeloosheid. Die literatuurstudie is gebruik om 'n skedule te ontwerp. Die navorsingskedule is gebruik vir datavangs uit polisiedossiere. Die polisiedossiere van die Misdaadinligting-Analisesentrum (MIAS) van Gauteng se streekkantoor in Johannesburg is gebruik vir die samestelling van 'n gerieflikheidsteekproef bestaande uit 303 gevalle. Hierdie gevalle kom uit die aanmeldings by die aanklagkantore van Pretoria-Moot/ Villieria, Pretoria-Noord, Pretoria-Wes, Eersterust en Hillbrow, en wel tussen 1 Januarie 1997 en 1 Maart 1998. Ten slotte word aanbevelings vir die ontwerp van voorkomingstrategie gedoen en voorstelle vir moontlike toekomstige navorsing gemaak. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)