The purpose of this study is to investigate physics teachers’ (TPCK) and their learners’ achievement in electricity. A purposive sample of 42 Grade 11 physics teachers and 1423 learners participated in the study. An explanatory mixed method research design was employed in the study to collect data. A survey questionnaire (PTTPCKQ), consisting of six-point Likert scale questions, was answered by participating teachers. Similarly, their learners responded to a confirmatory questionnaire (LCPTTPCKQ). The learners also responded to the Electricity Learning Confirmatory Questionnaire (LELCQ) and wrote an achievement test called Learner Electricity Achievement Test (LEAT). The data collected was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, it was found that a positive, statistically significant relationship existed between physics teachers’ experience and their learners’ achievement [Spearman’s rho (42) = .39, p = .011] as well as physics teachers’ TPCK and their qualifications [Spearman’s rho (42) = .33, p = .003]. There was also a positive statistical relationship between physics teachers’ TPCK and learner achievement, yet this was not statistically significant. There were positive, statistically significant relationships between all the constructs of the physics teachers’ TPCK and their TPCK from the analysis of the PTTPCKQ. There were positive statistically significant relationships between all the constructs of the physics teachers’ TPCK and their TPCK, according to the analysis of the LCPTTPCKQ. Furthermore, comparing the learners’ responses on the LCTTPCKQ and their teachers’ responses on the PTTPCKQ, it was found that both learners and teachers provided similar responses for all the constructs of TPCK except TCK. Qualitative data analysis further revealed that the technologies used by these teachers were PhET Simulations, YouTube Videos, Power Point Presentations, Interactive White Boards, and Mindset Videos. Finally, between 12.9% and 5.2% of the learners reported that their teachers had neglected to teach some sections of the electricity in the curriculum. / Mathematical Sciences / Ph. D. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar os fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias em pacientes laringectomizados por carcinoma espinocelular de laringe, assim como os fatores de risco para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e os fatores de risco para apresentação de segundo tumores primários em pulmão destes pacientes no período de 1985 a 1996. O estudo consistiu em uma análise retrospectiva de 291 pacientes admitidos no Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, no período de 1985 a 1996, portadores de carcinoma espinocelular de laringe, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico com intenção curativa seguido ou não de radioterapia. Foram analisados as variáveis demográficas, as comorbidades, a localização do sítio primário, o estadiamento clínico, o tratamento do tumor primário e do pescoço, o tratamento radioterápico, a diferenciação celular, as margens cirúrgicas, as recidivas locais, as recidivas regionais, a presença de complicações maiores, de complicações menores, as metástases pulmonares e a presença de múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares. O teste de associação do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para análise univariada descritiva das diversas variáveis comparando-se os grupos com complicação pulmonar e sem complicação pulmonar. A análise multivariada através da regressão logística foi utilizada na determinação dos fatores de risco para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores primário pulmonares. A incidência de complicações pulmonares foi de 31,3%, foram identificados como fatores de risco para complicações pulmonares somente a epiglote (p=0,004; RR 2,1), tendo a variável gênero associação marginal (p=0,081; RR 2,8). As metástases pulmonares tiveram incidência de 7,2%, na análise univariada foram identificados como fatores de risco o estadiamento N (p=0,032), diferenciação histológica (p=0,004), margens cirúrgicas (p=0,017) e recidivas locoregionais (0,002). Os múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares apresentaram incidência de 3,1% e na análise univariada foram identificados como fatores de risco o estadiamento N (p=0,048) e sítio aritenóide (p=0,001). Na análise multivariada foram significativos somente a diferenciação histológica: moderamente diferenciado (p=0,007; RR 2,9) e pouco diferenciado (p=0,032; RR 4,0); e as margens cirúrgicas: exíguas (p=0,003; RR 6,4) para apresentação de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores pulmonares. Este estudo demonstra a importância do estadiamento clínico como fator de risco para complicações pulmonares, metástases à distância e múltiplos tumores primário em pulmão. Os fatores de risco determinantes para aparecimento de metástases pulmonares e múltiplos tumores primários pulmonares foram a diferenciação histológica e as margens cirúrgicas / Objective: To identify the risk factors to postoperative pulmonary complications in laryngeal cancer patients submitted to surgical treatment, the risk factors to development of lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of a cohort of 291 patients admitted at Hospital do Câncer A.C.Camargo from January, 1985 to December 1996. All patients were submitted to some kind of laryngectomy with curative intent as part of treatment of a proven laryngeal cancer, followed or not by radiotherapy. The following variables were analized: demographic, comorbidities, primary site, clinical stage, primary and neck surgical treatment, histopathologic differentiation grade, surgical margins, recurrences, postoperative pulmonary complications, lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. The univariate and multivariate analysis were utilized to built the model to predict the risks factors and the factors of prognostic significance. Results: The overall pulmonary complications incidence were 31,3%, epiglottis were identified as significant single risk factor to pulmonary complications (p=0.004; RR 2,1). Lung metastasis had 7,2% incidence to this, the risk factors were N stage (p=0.032 ), histopathologic differentiation grade (p=0.004), surgical margins (p=0.017) and locoregional recurrence (p=0.002). The second lung primary tumor incidence were 3,1%, univariate analysis showed N stage (p=0,048) and arithenoid site (p=0,001) as significant risk factors. The multivariate analysis showed the histopathologic differentiation: moderate grade (p=0.007 RR 2,9) and poor grade (p=0.032 RR 4,0) and surgical margins: close (p=0.003 RR 6,4) as prognostic factors to deveopment of lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor. Conclusions: This study showed the clinical stage importance as risk factor to development of postoperative pulmonary complication, lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor in laryngectomy cancer patients. The prognostic factors associated with lung metastasis and second lung primary tumor were the histopathologic differentiation and the surgical margins

在資料分析上，調查者通常需要決定，不同的樣本是否可被視為來自相同的母體。一般最常使用的統計量為Pearson’s 統計量。然而，傳統的統計方法皆是利用二元邏輯觀念來呈現。如果我們想要用模糊邏輯的概念來做樣本調查，此時，使用傳統 檢定來分析這些模糊樣本資料是否仍然適當？透過這樣的觀念，我們使用傳統統計方法，找出一個能處理這些模糊樣本資料的公式，稱之為模糊 。結果顯示，此公式可用來檢定，模糊樣本資料在不同母體下機率的一致性。 / In the analysis of research data, the investigator often needs to decide whether several independent samples may be regarded as having come from the same population. The most commonly used statistic is Pearson’s statistic. However, traditional statistics reflect the result from a two-valued logic concept. If we want to survey sampling with fuzzy logic concept, is it still appropriate to use the traditional -test for analysing those fuzzy sample data? Through this concept, we try to use a traditional statistic method to find out a formula, called fuzzy , that enables us to deal with those fuzzy sample data. The result shows that we can use the formula to test hypotheses about probabilities of various outcomes in fuzzy sample data.

Le concept d’automate, central en théorie des langages, est l’outil d’appréhension naturel et efficace de nombreux problèmes concrets. L’usage intensif des automates finis dans un cadre algorithmique s ’illustre par de nombreux travaux de recherche. La correction et l’ évaluation sont les deux questions fondamentales de l’algorithmique. Une méthode classique d’ évaluation s’appuie sur la génération aléatoire contrôlée d’instances d’entrée. Les travaux d´écrits dans cette thèse s’inscrivent dans ce cadre et plus particulièrement dans le domaine de la génération aléatoire uniforme d’automates finis.L’exposé qui suit propose d’abord la construction d’un générateur aléatoire d’automates à pile déterministes, real time. Cette construction s’appuie sur la méthode symbolique. Des résultats théoriques et une étude expérimentale sont exposés.Un générateur aléatoire d’automates non-déterministes illustre ensuite la souplesse d’utilisation de la méthode de Monte-Carlo par Chaînes de Markov (MCMC) ainsi que la mise en œuvre de l’algorithme de Metropolis - Hastings pour l’ échantillonnage à isomorphisme près. Un résultat sur le temps de mélange est donné dans le cadre général .L’ échantillonnage par méthode MCMC pose le problème de l’évaluation du temps de mélange dans la chaîne. En s’inspirant de travaux antérieurs pour construire un générateur d’automates partiellement ordonnés, on montre comment différents outils statistiques permettent de s’attaquer à ce problème. / The concept of automata, central to language theory, is the natural and efficient tool to apprehendvarious practical problems.The intensive use of finite automata in an algorithmic framework is illustrated by numerous researchworks.The correctness and the evaluation of performance are the two fundamental issues of algorithmics.A classic method to evaluate an algorithm is based on the controlled random generation of inputs.The work described in this thesis lies within this context and more specifically in the field of theuniform random generation of finite automata.The following presentation first proposes to design a deterministic, real time, pushdown automatagenerator. This design builds on the symbolic method. Theoretical results and an experimental studyare given.This design builds on the symbolic method. Theoretical results and an experimental study are given.A random generator of non deterministic automata then illustrates the flexibility of the Markov ChainMonte Carlo methods (MCMC) as well as the implementation of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm tosample up to isomorphism. A result about the mixing time in the general framework is given.The MCMC sampling methods raise the problem of the mixing time in the chain. By drawing on worksalready completed to design a random generator of partially ordered automata, this work shows howvarious statistical tools can form a basis to address this issue.

A tendência à implantação e certificação de Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ) tem sido estudada pelo mundo, pois há diversos autores que citam como uma das maiores influências para a implantação desse sistema a melhora do relacionamento com o cliente. Porém, apesar da crença na relação entre a qualidade, satisfação do cliente e retorno econômico, é preciso uma melhor compreensão nesta área. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a relação entre a implantação de SGQ e a satisfação dos clientes de empreendimentos imobiliários novos na cidade de Curitiba. Para a obtenção de dados, a fim de sustentar este trabalho, realizou-se um estudo preliminar e um trabalho de levantamento quantitativo de dados. A primeira etapa buscou informações relevantes para a construção e a validação do questionário utilizado na segunda parte, a qual se destinou à captação da percepção do cliente final. Foram obtidos 386 questionários respondidos no período de março a novembro de 2013. Por meio de Análises Descritivas dos dados, verifica-se que amostra demonstra ser fiel ao universo da pesquisa, sem haver discrepâncias significativas. Para a realização da análise da amostra, considerou-se a abordagem definida pelos autores Hair et al. (2010), em que um modelo de satisfação do cliente só é plenamente compreendido quando se estuda: a variável, os construtos e os relacionamentos entre duas ou mais variáveis. Portanto, realizaram-se diversas Análises Descritivas, bem como os testes estatísticos Qui-Quadrado e Análise Discriminante, a fim de estudar as variáveis componentes da satisfação. Em seguida os constructos, os quais foram obtidos por meio da Análise Fatorial. Foram estudados por fim, a relação entre as variáveis através da Regressão Linear Múltipla dos dados. Como resultado desta pesquisa, percebeu-se que não é possível basear a conclusão final do estudo somente pela média da satisfação global, pois esta pode encobrir outros resultados. Além disso, verificou-se que as variáveis padrão do imóvel e tipo de gestão (com ou sem SGQ) podem influenciar na satisfação do cliente. Como exemplo, os participantes de empreendimentos construídos sem SGQ mostraram-se mais satisfeitos do que os daqueles construídos com SGQ e o grupo dos participantes de empreendimentos com padrão baixo, os mais insatisfeitos dentre todos os padrões. Por meio da Análise Fatorial, foram encontrados 4 fatores: a) comunicação com a empresa, b) produto, c) localização, d) projeto, bem como um fator geral, a satisfação global. Em relação à insatisfação, esta é evidente nos fatores que apresentaram maior importância, comunicação com a empresa e produto. Acredita-se que embora este estudo seja válido apenas para Curitiba, o desenvolvimento e a estrutura deste modelo oferecem uma referência consistente para a avaliação da satisfação do cliente na construção civil em outros contextos. / The tendency to implementation and certification of quality management systems have been studied around the world, many authors cite as one of the biggest influences the improve the customer relationship. Despite the belief in the link between quality, customer satisfaction and economic returns, we need to learn more about this area. The propose of this study is to evaluate customer satisfaction of new buildings in the city of Curitiba. To get the data, we conducted a preliminary study and a quantitative survey. The first step searched for information to the construction and validation of the questionnaire used in the second part, which was destined to final customer. We obtained 386 questionnaires during March to November 2013. And through descriptive data analysis, we found that sample is true to the universe studied, because there are not significant differences. To perform the analysis of the sample, we considered the approach defined by the authors Hair et al. (2010), where a model of customer satisfaction is completely understood only when we studied: the variable, constructs, and relationships between two or more variables. Therefore, we performed several descriptive analyzes and the chi-square test in order to study the variable components of satisfaction. Next the constructs, which were obtained from through factor analysis. And last, we check the relationship between variables through multiple linear regressions of the data. As a result of this work, we noticed that it is not possible to rely only on the average overall satisfaction, because it may mask other results. In addition, we found that the variables: the default of the building and type of management (with or without TQM), can influence customer satisfaction. For example, participants of buildings built without TQM are more satisfied than those built with TQM, and the group of participants of buildings of low default is the most unhappy of all the defaults. Through factor analysis, we found four factors, communication with the company, product, location, design, as well as a general factor, overall satisfaction. The dissatisfaction is evident in the two most important factors: communication with the company and product. It is believed that, although our study is valid only for Curitiba, the development and structure of this model provide a great reference for the evaluation of customer satisfaction in other settings of the construction industry. / 5000

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Background: Online courses in healthcare programs like Dietetics have increased in availability and popularity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the connections between online learning environments and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) dimensions among Nutrition Professionals. This research will add to the knowledge base of educators responsible for the design and development of online nutrition courses and will enhance Nutrition Professionals’ academic and professional outcomes. Design: Semi-experimental study design. Subjects/Setting: Thirty-one Nutrition Professionals with mean age of 29 years old. All elements of the study were done online. Statistical Analysis: MBTI dimension summaries were done for descriptive statistics. Fisher’s Exact Test was used to compare frequency of MBTI dimensions in the learning modules (LM) and to analyze learning modality preference based on MBTI dimensions. Two-Sample T-Tests compared test scores for LM groups and test scores for extraverts and introverts. Paired T-Test assessed improvement in test scores related to LM preference. Chi-Square Test compared preferences for the second learning module for both LM groups. Results: The majority of participants’ MBTIs were ESFJ at 35% or ISFJ at 19%. There were more extraverts (71%) compared to introverts (29%). Both LM groups had similar MBTI dimensions. Extraverts and introverts had similar improvements in scores and LM preferences. LM groups performed similarly and in general participants preferred the second learning module they were assigned. Preference for the second LM could be because participants enjoyed the first LM and wanted to learn more information. Both LM groups significantly improved their scores (P=<.0001) in their first and second learning modules regardless of learning module design. Participants were highly motivated to learn as evidenced by their enrollment in this study and completion of 10 hours of learning modules. Motivation to learn may have been the strongest reason performance significantly improved. Conclusion: LM groups significantly improved their LM scores and learned similar amounts. MBTI dimensions extravert and introvert and preferred learning modality had limited impact on performance for this sample of Nutrition Professionals. These results indicate that motivation may be the key to increasing performance in online nutrition courses.

No description available.

The implementation of the IFRS framework in 2005 had a significant impact on the listed companies, as they became obligated to adhere to the new standard in preparing their consolidated financial statements. The new framework replaced annual amortization with regular impairment tests for goodwill. This shift provided management with the opportunity to influence the reporting to their advantage. The aim of this study is to examine the underlying factors that influence companies' decisions regarding goodwill impairments. Among the various factors that can affect goodwill impairments, four specific factors have been chosen for closer investigation in this study: CEO turnover, economic conditions, company size, and low profitability. In the present study, a quantitative method has been used to examine and analyze the research questions. Additionally, a deductive approach has been applied in the study. The data collected is based on annual reports from publicly traded companies listed on the OMX 30, OMXC25, OMXH25, and OSEBX 25 Oslo indexes between the years 2020-2022. The results of the study indicated that factors such as CEO turnover, economic downturn, or low profits did not have a significant impact on firms' decisions to write down goodwill. However, the results were more varied when it came to the factor of firm size. Two out of three statistical tests showed no significant relationship between firm size and goodwill impairments. However, the regression analysis suggested a possible significant relationship between the variables. / Införande av IFRS regelverk år 2005 hade en betydande påverkan på de börsnoterade företagen eftersom från denna tidpunkt blev de skyldiga att följa den nya standarden vid upprättandet av sin koncernredovisning. Det nya regelverket ersatte årliga avskrivningar med regelbundna tester för nedskrivning av goodwill. Detta innebar att företagsledningen fick möjlighet att påverka rapporteringen för sin egen fördel. Syfte med denna studie är att undersöka de bakomliggande faktorerna som påverkar företagens val av goodwillnedskrivningar. Av de olika faktorer som kan påverka goodwillnedskrivningar har fyra faktorer valts för att undersökas närmare i detta arbete. De faktorerna som ska undersökas är: VD-byte, konjunkturläge, företagets storlek samt lågt resultat.  I föreliggande studie har en kvantitativ metod använts för att undersöka och analysera forskningsfrågorna. Dessutom har en deduktiv ansats tillämpats i studien. Data som har samlats in baseras på årsredovisningar från börsnoterade företag på listor OMX 30, OMXC25, OMXH25 samt OSEBX 25 Oslo mellan åren 2020–2022. Resultaten från studier indikerade att faktorer som VD-byte, lågkonjunktur eller lågaresultat inte hade någon signifikant påverkan på förtegens beslut att skriva ned goodwill. Däremot var resultaten mer varierade när det gällde faktorn företagets storlek. Två av tre statistiska tester visat inget signifikant samband mellan företagens storlek och goodwillnedskrivningar. Dock visade regressionsanalysen på ett möjligt signifikant samband mellan variablerna

En fiabilité et en analyse de survie, les distributions qui ont une fonction de hasard unimodale ne sont pas nombreuses, qu'on peut citer: Gaussienne inverse ,log-normale, log-logistique, de Birnbaum-Saunders, de Weibull exponentielle et de Weibullgénéralisée. Dans cette thèse, nous développons les tests modifiés du Chi-deux pour ces distributions tout en comparant la distribution Gaussienne inverse avec les autres. Ensuite nousconstruisons le modèle AFT basé sur la distribution Gaussienne inverse et les systèmes redondants basés sur les distributions de fonction de hasard unimodale. / In reliability and survival analysis, distributions that have a unimodalor $\cap-$shape hazard rate function are not too many, they include: the inverse Gaussian,log-normal, log-logistic, Birnbaum-Saunders, exponential Weibull and power generalized Weibulldistributions. In this thesis, we develop the modified Chi-squared tests for these distributions,and we give a comparative study between the inverse Gaussian distribution and the otherdistributions, then we realize simulations. We also construct the AFT model based on the inverseGaussian distribution and redundant systems based on distributions having a unimodal hazard ratefunction.

The aim of the dissertation is to compare the psychosocial climate of the classes between the 5th and 6th grades of Czech elementary school. In the train of pupils' leaving into the high- tracked schools there are significant organizational changes in the classes of the 6th grade. This theme includes the phenomenon of the early tracking, when some pupils can leave the mainstream of education (elementary school) and start attending the high-tracked schools (multi-year gymnasium). The aim of our study is to contribute to the research, that with the departure of students into high-tracked schools the psychosocial climate in the classes of the 6th grade unequivocally exacerbates. We are also interested in which specific students are accepted into high-tracked schools, and whether they are effective classroom leaders and socio- metric stars. In our study, we also find out the classroom positions of students who are continuously educated in the 5th and 6th grades of the elementary schools and their classmates, who have come as new students into the classes of the 6th grade. In the theoretical section we introduce the foreign and domestic researches which were conducted on the association between tracking and classroom climate. The empirical part inquiries into a detailed analysis of quantitative research...