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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Revis?o sistem?tica e meta-an?lise de tomografia por emiss?o de p?sitrons (PET) com ant?geno da membrana espec?fica da pr?stata (PSMA) marcado com 68GA, no c?ncer de pr?stata

Matushita, Cristina Sebasti?o 27 June 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-10T18:14:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissera??o CRIS rev_VFinal.pdf: 2998966 bytes, checksum: fef2ba937c2e3faa8a245d6da4b908ae (MD5) / Rejected by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido ? data de defesa cadastrada na publica??o (27/07/2018) estar diferente da data de defesa que consta na folha de aprova??o da banca (28/06/2018) no arquivo PDF. on 2018-10-16T17:23:19Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-17T18:39:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o_Cristina_Sebastiao_Matushita rev_VFinal_corrigida.pdf: 2373644 bytes, checksum: 8a866e5c464e92b65ce80b925e027963 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-10-19T11:20:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o_Cristina_Sebastiao_Matushita rev_VFinal_corrigida.pdf: 2373644 bytes, checksum: 8a866e5c464e92b65ce80b925e027963 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-19T11:26:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o_Cristina_Sebastiao_Matushita rev_VFinal_corrigida.pdf: 2373644 bytes, checksum: 8a866e5c464e92b65ce80b925e027963 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of 68Ga?Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for detection of prostate cancer and recurrent prostate cancer. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane and Embase to identify relevant published studies reporting on the performance of 68Ga?Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET in patients with suspected, confirmed, untreated or recurrent Prostate Cancer. A composite standard included changing in PSA values, clinical follow?up and histopathological findings as reference standard. Results: Thirty-five studies including in total 3532 patients who underwent a 68Ga-PSMA PET met our inclusion criteria. We obtained a pooled positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 1.81 (0.75 to 4.36) with 0% heterogeneity. For patients with PSA <0.5ng/mL, the positive LR pooled estimate was 1.17 (0.37-3.73) and the sensitivity was 56% (0.42-0.68). Conclusion: This meta-analysis of available studies demonstrates that 68Ga-PSMA PET appears to provide good sensitivity and specificity. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho diagn?stico da tomografia por emiss?o de p?sitrons (PET) com ant?geno de membrana espec?fico da Pr?stata (PSMA) para detec??o de c?ncer de pr?stata e c?ncer de pr?stata recorrente. M?todos: uma pesquisa sistem?tica foi realizada em PubMed, Cochrane e Embase para identificar estudos relevantes publicados que relatam o desempenho do PSMA PET marcado com 68Ga em pacientes com c?ncer de pr?stata suspeito, confirmado, n?o tratado ou recorrente. Um composto padronizado incluiu altera??o nos valores de PSA, acompanhamento cl?nico e achados histopatol?gicos como padr?o de refer?ncia. Resultados: trinta e cinco estudos, que inclu?ram no total 3532 pacientes submetidos a um PET de 68Ga-PSMA, atendiam aos crit?rios de inclus?o. Obtivemos uma raz?o de verossimilhan?a positiva combinada (LR) de 1,81 (0,75 a 4,36) com 0% de heterogeneidade. Para pacientes com PSA <0,5ng/mL, a estimativa de LR combinada positiva foi de 1,17 (0,37-3,73) e a sensibilidade foi de 56% (0,42-0,68). Conclus?o: Esta meta-an?lise de estudos dispon?veis demonstra que o PET de 68Ga-PSMA parece fornecer boa sensibilidade e especificidade.
12

Construction d'échelles d'items unidimensionnelles en qualité de vie

Hardouin, Jean-Benoit 14 November 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Une échelle de qualité de vie doit vérifier différentes propriétés. L'unidimensionnalité est aujourd'hui communément admise : une échelle doit mesurer un concept unique. La simplicité d'utilisation de l'instrument de mesure est, elle aussi, importante. A ce titre le Rasch est intéressant puisque ce modèle est sous-jacent à toute notion de score non pondéré. Ce travail s'inscrit donc dans le cadre de la sélection d'items vérifiant un modèle de Rasch. Un modèle multidimensionnel est proposé : le modèle marginalement exhaustif de Rasch (MMSRM), pour lequel, chaque dimension garde les propriétés psychométriques du modèle de Rasch. Trois méthodes basées sur l'adéquation d'un tel modèle aux données sont proposées, et comparées par simulations à des procédures existantes. Une seconde partie du travail concerne le développement de programmes pour utiliser des modèles psychométriques sous deux logiciels statistiques : SAS et Stata.
13

Understanding the extent of poverty in rural Scotland

Wilson, Michael Drummond January 2016 (has links)
This thesis, motivated by the paucity of previous research in this subject area, describes an attempt to better understand the extent of poverty in rural Scotland and how the factors associated with that poverty may differ in the rest of the country. By identifying factors showing association uniquely with rural as opposed to urban poverty so policy decisions on targeted rural poverty alleviation could be made. Few such factors appear to have been tested formally for their association with poverty in rural Scotland. Using data from British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) datasets I create an income-based measure to compare levels of poverty across the rurality domain for the general population and several sub-populations. I also test the levels of association that factors found in the literature exhibit with households being in poverty, entering poverty and exiting poverty in both rural and non-rural Scotland. In so doing I highlight some of the data limitations within BHPS, particularly in the number of households in the remote and rural categories of the Scottish Government rural classification system. Under the current Scottish Government rural classification system it is evident that poverty in rural Scotland is lower than in the rest of the country. However, in-work poverty and fuel poverty are significantly higher in rural Scotland, where fluctuations in household fuel prices also appear to have a much quicker impact on poverty levels and levels of workless households than in the rest of the country. This thesis identifies evidence that the current definition of rural Scotland excludes parts of Scotland typically described as rural, with the result that the high levels of poverty in these areas goes unreported in most rural poverty analysis. Areas for further research are suggested, as is an alternative regional typology that may better reflect differences in poverty related factors across Scotland.
14

Melhoria da qualidade do registro m?dico de pacientes com c?ncer de pr?stata em hospitais de refer?ncia em oncologia

Silva J?nior, Luciano Luiz da 23 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T15:02:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianoLuizDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 2133997 bytes, checksum: 0cac4f4fc4430aae598b37a984f70b9b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-14T15:04:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianoLuizDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 2133997 bytes, checksum: 0cac4f4fc4430aae598b37a984f70b9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T15:04:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianoLuizDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 2133997 bytes, checksum: 0cac4f4fc4430aae598b37a984f70b9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / A aten??o ao c?ncer ? uma prioridade da sa?de p?blica mundial, por?m, ainda nos dias de hoje, persistem falhas simples capazes de repercutir em aumento da morbimortalidade dos pacientes. O registro inadequado de informa??es cl?nicas leva ? repeti??o de exames, erros de diagn?stico e tratamento, perda de tempo e custos desnecess?rios.Este trabalhoobjetivou verificara efic?cia de um ciclo de melhoria nos registros m?dicosde um hospital de refer?ncia em oncologia, avaliando o n?vel de qualidade no preenchimento dos prontu?rios, identificando os crit?rios de qualidade que mais apresentaram erros e analisando a efetividade dos ciclos de avalia??o cont?nua na melhoria da qualidade do preenchimento dos prontu?rios. Para tanto, dez crit?rios de qualidade em prontu?rios de pacientescom diagn?stico de c?ncer de pr?stata foram examinados. A partir de amostragens aleat?rias simples, procedeu-se ?aprecia??o desses crit?rios, antes e depois das interven??es propostas. Tais a??es envolveram administradores e m?dicos, sendo direcionadas especialmente ? conscientiza??o m?dica e reestrutura??o do prontu?rio por interm?dio de um checklist.No intuito de identificar o n?vel de qualidade, selecionaram-se a estimativa pontual e o intervalo de confian?a (95%) do cumprimento dos crit?rios. Para comprovar a efetividade das interven??es, foram calculadas as melhorias absoluta e relativa entre a primeira e ?ltima avalia??o, assim como a sua significa??o estat?stica (p<0,05). Na medi??o inicial, verificaram-se ?ndices de cumprimento de 66,4% na m?dia e um total de 411 de n?o conformidades, significando 34,2% de n?o cumprimento. Destacaram-se, como maior e menor percentual de n?o cumprimento, os crit?rios patologias associadas, 81,9%, e estadiamento?TNM, 9,5%. J?, na segunda medi??o, notou-se uma redu??o do n?mero total de defeitos em 49,4%. Em suma, a avalia??o baseada em crit?rios possibilitou a identifica??o de defeitos de qualidade no preenchimento dos prontu?rios levantados, o que, por sua vez, direcionou as interven??es propostas. Considerando as melhorias alcan?adas, percebe-se que o ciclo de melhoria foi efetivo na diminui??o dos defeitos observados, al?m de auxiliar expressivamente no progresso da qualidade do registro m?dico. / In spite of the fact that attention to cancer is a global public health priority, simple failures capable of resonating in the increase of morbidity and mortality of patients still persist nowadays. The Inadequate recording of clinical information leads to the repetition of tests, diagnostic and treatment errors, waste of time and unnecessary costs. This study aims at verifying the effectiveness of a cycle of improvement of medical records in a referral hospital in oncology, by evaluating the level of quality in filling in the patient?s medical records, identifying the quality criteria that presents the greater amount of errors and analyzing the effectiveness of the continuous evaluation cycles that contributed to the improvement of the quality of filling in the patient?s medical records. To this end, ten quality criteria in medical records of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer were examined. From simple random sampling, these criteria were assessed before and after the proposed interventions. Such actions involved administrators and doctors, being directed especially at medical awareness and restructuring of the patient?s medical records via a checklist. In order to identify the level of quality, the point-in-time estimate and confidence interval (95%) of the criteria compliance were selected. In order to prove the effectiveness of interventions, the absolute and relative improvements between the first and the final evaluation, as well as its statistical significance (p < 0.05) were calculated. Compliance rates of 66.4%, on average, and a total of 411 nonconformities, meaning 34.2% of non-compliance were verified in the initial measurement. The associated pathologies criteria, 81.9%, and staging - TNM, 9.5%, stood out as the highest and lowest percentage of non-compliance. In the second measurement, a reduction in the total number of defects of 49.4% was observed. In short, the criteria-based evaluation made possible the identification of quality defects in filling in the surveyed patient?s medical records, which, in turn, directed the proposed interventions. Considering the improvements achieved, it is reasonable to assume that the cycle of improvement was effective in decreasing the defects observed, besides contributing significantly to the progress of quality of the medical record.
15

O estudo da acur?cia da resson?ncia magn?tica multiparam?trica no diagn?stico do c?ncer de pr?stata

Moraes, M?rcia Cristina Gon?alves de Oliveira 30 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-20T19:52:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 M?RCIA_CRISTINA_GON?ALVES_DE_OLIVEIRA_MARAES.pdf: 3458644 bytes, checksum: 005c22fed45246220ed1f2e0de9490a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-30T12:47:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 M?RCIA_CRISTINA_GON?ALVES_DE_OLIVEIRA_MARAES.pdf: 3458644 bytes, checksum: 005c22fed45246220ed1f2e0de9490a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T12:58:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 M?RCIA_CRISTINA_GON?ALVES_DE_OLIVEIRA_MARAES.pdf: 3458644 bytes, checksum: 005c22fed45246220ed1f2e0de9490a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Abstract: Today, the incidence of prostate cancer is considered high, however, unlike other malignant tumours, there is an expressive number of cases in which prostate cancer does not progress to clinical disease. The management of patients with prostate cancer should be individually fitted due to the broad behaviour spectrum of this cancer, ranging from low grade tumours with low aggressive biological characteristics to high grade tumours with metastatic capacity. The possibility of predicting the future behavior of the disease allows the selection of the most appropriate conduct for each case. Studies have shown that mpMRI (multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has a high negative predictive value for clinically significant prostate cancer, indicating that its application as a screening method and as assessment method of disease progression is promising. To standardize the protocols and reports of prostate mpMRI, the PI-RADS v2 (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2) was launched in 2015. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging standardized by PI-RADSv2 has been taking a prominent place in the management of prostate cancer, but the specificity and positive predictive value still need to be improved. Purpose: To assess whether the ADC (Apparent diffusion coefficient) value and tumour ADC ratio associated with PI-RADS v2 may increase accuracy in predicting clinically significant prostate cancer. Materials and methods: 91 individuals with suspected prostate cancer were retrospectively studied through mpMRI imaging standardized by PI-RADS v2, obtaining the ADC value from the tumour and the contralateral tissue. The findings were correlated to anatomopathological study (biopsy, prostatectomy or transurethral resection). Results: Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the consensus between the two reviewers using PI-RADS v2, category 3 associated with categories 4 and 5 for the detection of clinically significant cancer were 70.3%, 97.4%, 50.9%, 58.7% and 96.4% (p <0.001), respectively. The association of the ADC value (<0.795x10-3) to categories 3, 4 and 5 of the PI-RADSv2, in turn, demonstrated accuracy, specificity and positive predictive value of 78.9%, 84.9% and 76.5%; and the association with the tumour ADC ratio (<0.62) presented 77.5%, 86.5% and 77.4% of accuracy, specificity and positive predictive value, respectively. Conclusion: The association of the ADC value and the tumour ADC ratio to the PI-RADS v2 in mpMRI increases the accuracy, specificity and positive predictive value in the detection of aggressive prostate cancer, and may help in the screening of individuals who would undergo invasive procedures and radical therapy, or conservative management, as active surveillance or watchful waiting. / Introdu??o: ? considerada alta a incid?ncia de c?ncer de pr?stata na atualidade, contudo, diferentemente de outras neoplasias, existe um n?mero expressivo de casos em que o c?ncer de pr?stata n?o evolui para a doen?a cl?nica. Por este motivo, o manejo dos pacientes com neoplasia prost?tica deve ser moldado individualmente face ao amplo espectro que varia desde tumores de baixo grau, com caracter?sticas biol?gicas de baixa agressividade, a tumores de alto grau, com capacidade metast?tica. A possibilidade de prever o comportamento futuro da doen?a permite a sele??o da conduta mais adequada para cada caso. Estudos vem comprovando que a Resson?ncia Magn?tica multiparam?trica (RMmp) apresenta um alto valor preditivo negativo para o c?ncer de pr?stata com signific?ncia cl?nica, indicando que sua aplica??o como m?todo de triagem e na avalia??o da progress?o da doen?a ? promissora. Para padronizar os protocolos e os relat?rios da RMmp da pr?stata foi lan?ado em 2015 o PI-RADS v2 (?Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System? vers?o 2). A RMmp padronizada pelo PI-RADS v2 vem assumindo um lugar de destaque no manejo do c?ncer de pr?stata, contudo, ainda s?o considerados baixos a Especificidade e o Valor Preditivo Positivo. Objetivos: Avaliar se o valor de ADC (?Apparent diffusion coefficient? = Coeficiente de Difus?o Aparente) e a raz?o tumoral do ADC associados ao PI-RADS v2 podem aumentar a acur?cia da RMmp na predi??o do c?ncer de pr?stata com signific?ncia clinica. Materiais e m?todos: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 91 indiv?duos com suspeita de c?ncer de pr?stata, submetidos a RMmp padronizada pelo PI-RADS v2, obtendo-se o ADC quantitativo da les?o e do tecido contralateral. Os achados foram correlacionados ao estudo anatomopatol?gico (bi?psia, prostatectomia ou ressec??o transuretral). Resultados: A acur?cia, sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo para o consenso entre os dois avaliadores utilizando a RMmp padronizada pelo PI-RADS v2, com a categoria 3 associada as categorias 4 e 5 para a detec??o do c?ncer com signific?ncia cl?nica foram 70,3%; 97,4%; 50,9%; 58,7% e 96,4% (p<0,001), respectivamente. A associa??o do valor do ADC (<0,795x10-3) ?s categorias 3, 4 e 5 do PI-RADS v2, por sua vez, demonstrou acur?cia, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo de 78,9%; 84,9% e 76,5%; e a associa??o com a raz?o tumoral do ADC (< 0,62), apresentou 77,5%; 86,5% e 77,4% de acur?cia, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo, respectivamente. Conclus?o: A associa??o do valor do ADC e da raz?o tumoral do ADC ao PI-RADS v2 na RMmp aumenta a acur?cia, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo na detec??o do c?ncer agressivo da pr?stata, podendo auxiliar na triagem dos indiv?duos e na decis?o entre a conduta agressiva, com procedimentos invasivos e terapia radical, ou a conduta conservadora, com vigil?ncia ativa ou observa??o.
16

Associa??o da Radioterapia externa (RTe) com braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose (BTATD), no tratamento do c?ncer de pr?stata (CaP). / Association of External Radiotherapy (RTe) with high dose rate brachytherapy (BTATD) in the treatment of prostate cancer (CaP).

Jos? Junior, Vanderlei 15 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-02-15T12:50:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VANDERLEI JOSE JUNIOR.pdf: 1351825 bytes, checksum: 599d050ec951a6a8e7497a0cea5d2e17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-15T12:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VANDERLEI JOSE JUNIOR.pdf: 1351825 bytes, checksum: 599d050ec951a6a8e7497a0cea5d2e17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in the male population, occupying the second position among malignant neoplasms. There are several therapeutic options for the treatment of localized prostate cancer, ranging from conservative behaviors to interventional treatments such as radical prostatectomy or external radiotherapy, associated or not with brachytherapy. Objective: To identify the factors that can predict biochemical recurrence and to evaluate treatment toxicity. METHOD: This is a retrospective and longitudinal study of 162 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer treated with conformational external radiotherapy associated with high dose rate brachytherapy (BTATD) between 2005 and 2014. The database was used of the Radium ? Campinas Oncology Institute, collected prospectively. Results: The mean follow-up time was 57 months. No grade 3 late toxicity was observed in the gastrointestinal tract, with only 1 patient (0.6%) genitourinary tract. The only categorical variable that presented statistical significance for biochemical relapse was the Nadir PSA <1 ng / ml (p = 0.018). The biochemical recurrence rate found was 96.3%, based on the Phoenix criteria (PSA nadir + 2 ng / ml). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that in the treatment of localized prostate cancer, the association of external radiotherapy with BATD is a safe therapeutic option, with a low degree 3 late toxicity and a biochemical recurrence of only 3.7% (with HF = 95 %). / Introdu??o: O c?ncer de pr?stata ? uma das doen?as mais prevalentes na popula??o masculina, ocupando a segunda posi??o entre as neoplasias malignas. H? v?rias op??es terap?uticas para o tratamento do c?ncer de pr?stata localizado, podendo variar de condutas conservadoras ? tratamentos intervencionistas como a prostatectomia radical ou a radioterapia externa, associada ou n?o ? braquiterapia. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que possam predizer recidiva bioqu?mica e avaliar a toxicidade do tratamento. M?todo: Tratase de um estudo retrospectivo e longitudinal, com 162 pacientes diagnosticados com c?ncer de pr?stata, tratados com radioterapia externa conformacional associada ? braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose (BATD), entre 2005 e 2014. Utilizou-se o banco de dados do Radium - Instituto de Oncologia de Campinas, coletados prospectivamente. Resultados: O tempo m?dio de seguimento foi de 57 meses. N?o foi observada toxicidade tardia grau 3 no trato gastrointestinal, sendo apenas 1 paciente (0,6%) trato genitourin?rio. A ?nica vari?vel categ?rica que apresentou signific?ncia estat?stica para recidiva bioqu?mica foi o PSA Nadir <1 ng/ ml (p = 0,018). A taxa de recidiva bioqu?mica encontrada foi de 96,3%, baseando-se nos crit?rios de Phoenix (PSA nadir + 2 ng/ml). Conclus?es: Esse estudo demonstrou que, no tratamento de c?ncer de pr?stata localizado, a associa??o de radioterapia externa com BATD ? uma op??o terap?utica segura, com baixa taxa de toxicidade tardia grau 3 e recidiva bioqu?mica de apenas 3,7% (com I.C = 95%).
17

Tend?ncias e proje??es da mortalidade pelos c?nceres espec?ficos ao g?nero no Brasil

Barbosa, Isabelle Ribeiro 30 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-29T23:04:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelleRibeiroBarbosa_TESE.pdf: 2469240 bytes, checksum: 9250242c7a43a110081c54313058a7b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-02T20:25:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelleRibeiroBarbosa_TESE.pdf: 2469240 bytes, checksum: 9250242c7a43a110081c54313058a7b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T20:25:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsabelleRibeiroBarbosa_TESE.pdf: 2469240 bytes, checksum: 9250242c7a43a110081c54313058a7b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Os c?nceres que acometem os ?rg?os genitais masculinos e femininos, em conjunto com o c?ncer de mama, s?o respons?veis por cerca de 20% dos ?bitos por c?ncer no mundo. Conhecer os padr?es de mortalidade por esses c?nceres no Brasil, as mudan?as que se produziram ao longo do tempo, os grupos mais vulner?veis e a carga de mortalidade que se apresentar? no futuro s?o elementos b?sicos para a estrutura??o das a??es assistenciais e de vigil?ncia do c?ncer. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as tend?ncias de mortalidade pelos c?nceres que acometem ?rg?os que s?o espec?ficos a cada g?nero e projetar a mortalidade por esses c?nceres at? o ano de 2030, para o Brasil, regi?es e estados da federa??o. Trata-se de um estudo ecol?gico de base populacional que analisou os ?bitos, ocorridos no per?odo 1996 a 2010, decorrentes dos c?nceres de colo do ?tero, corpo do ?tero, mama feminina, ov?rios, vulva, vagina, pr?stata, p?nis e test?culos, registrados no Sistema de Informa??o sobre Mortalidade; as informa??es sobre popula??o foram obtidas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica. Foi aplicada a Regress?o loglineal (Joinpoint regression) com taxas padronizadas (popula??o mundial: ASR-W) para estimar o Annual Percentage Change (APC), o Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC), o intervalo de confian?a 95% e os pontos de inflex?o da curva; as proje??es foram calculadas atrav?s do programa Nordpred, inscrito no programa R, utilizando o modelo idade-per?odo-coorte, analisando posteriormente se as mudan?as que se produzir?o no futuro ser?o decorrentes da exposi??o aos fatores de risco e/ou da estrutura da popula??o exposta ao risco. Todas as an?lises tamb?m foram aplicadas para o conjunto de todos os ?bitos por c?ncer (com exce??o dos c?nceres de pele n?o-melanoma). Para o Brasil, a mortalidade pelos c?nceres de p?nis (APC=1,5% IC95% 0,7;2,3 p<0,05), test?culos (APC=1,6% IC95% 0,5;2,8 p<0,05) e ov?rios (APC=0,8% IC95% 0,1; 1,5 p<0,05), mostraram tend?ncia de aumento, enquanto os c?nceres de vulva e vagina (APC=-0,1% IC95% -0,9; 0,7 p=0,8), corpo de ?tero (APC= -0,3 IC95% -1,0; 0,5 p=0,4), mama (APC=0,4% IC95% -0,2;1,0 p=0,2) e de pr?stata (AAPC= 1,1% IC95% -0,2; 2,4 p=0,1) apresentaram tend?ncia de estabilidade. A mortalidade por c?ncer de colo de ?tero apresentou tend?ncia de redu??o (APC=-1,7% IC95%-2,2; -1,1 p<0,05). A an?lise do agrupamento de todos os ?bitos por c?ncer observou tend?ncia de aumento na mortalidade para o sexo masculino at? o ano de 2006 (APC= 1,2% IC95% 0,6;1,8 p<0,01), seguido de um per?odo de estabilidade. Para o sexo feminino, a tend?ncia ? de estabilidade (APC=0,4% IC95% -0,2;-1,8 p=0,2). As taxas de mortalidade para todos os c?nceres analisados mostraram, de maneira geral, tend?ncia de redu??o nas regi?es sul e sudeste, tend?ncia de aumento nas regi?es norte e nordeste, e estabilidade para a regi?o centro oeste. Na proje??o da mortalidade para o ano 2030, as regi?es norte e nordeste responder?o pelas maiores taxas de mortalidade para os c?nceres analisados; todavia, para as demais regi?es, ser? observada redu??o nas taxas em compara??o com o ?ltimo per?odo observado. Destacase o c?ncer de test?culo, para o qual ser? observado aumento de 33% na carga da mortalidade at? o ano 2030. Para os demais c?nceres, n?o ser?o observadas varia??es consider?veis nas taxas de mortalidade para o Brasil entre o ?ltimo per?odo observado e o ?ltimo per?odo projetado. A estrutura e o tamanho da popula??o brasileira ser?o os fatores que explicar?o os padr?es de mortalidade por esses c?nceres no futuro, embora para a regi?o nordeste, as varia??es ser?o explicadas, em maior medida, pelo aumento do risco para esses c?nceres. Conclui-se, portanto, que existe uma marcante desigualdade na distribui??o da mortalidade pelos c?nceres espec?ficos ao g?nero no Brasil, onde as regi?es mais pobres apresentam um quadro de aumento significativo do n?mero de ?bitos ao longo de uma s?rie hist?rica, e que em 2030, essas regi?es responder?o pelas maiores taxas de mortalidade no pa?s, com ?nfase para os c?nceres de p?nis, test?culos e ov?rios.
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Unemployment among rural youth in South Africa : A case study of Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Dagume, Mbulaheni Albert 09 1900 (has links)
PhD (Economics) / Department of Economics / See the attached abstract below
19

Counter-Terrorism: When Do states Adopt New Anti-Terror Legislation?

Clesca, Princelee 01 August 2015 (has links)
The intent of this thesis is to research the anti-terror legislation of 15 countries and the history of terrorist incidents within those countries. Both the anti-terror legislation and the history of terrorist incidents will be researched within the time period of 1980 to 2009, a 30 year span. This thesis will seek to establish a relationship between the occurrence of terrorist events and when states change their anti-terror legislation. Legislation enacted can vary greatly. Common changes in legislation seek to undercut the financing of terrorist organizations, criminalize behaviors, or empower state surveillance capabilities. A quantitative analysis will be performed to establish a relationship between terrorist attacks and legislative changes. A qualitative discussion will follow to analyze specific anti-terror legislation passed by states in response to terrorist events.
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Importancia de los receptores estrog��nicos en el estr��s oxidativo y el c��ncer. Funci��n, biog��nesis y din��mica mitocondrial

Sastre Serra, Jorge 27 July 2012 (has links)
El 17��-estradiol (E2) es un factor de riesgo tanto en la iniciaci��n como en la progresi��n de c��nceres hormonodependientes. El E2 modula el estr��s oxidativo afectando, entre otras, a la proliferaci��n celular y por tanto en el proceso tumorig��nico. Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron, estudiar la acci��n de las hormonas sexuales en la modulaci��n del estr��s oxidativo en las c��lulas cancerosas, y el estudio de la importancia del balance de los receptores estrog��nicos alfa y beta (ER�� y ER��) en la acci��n del E2 en la funci��n, la biog��nesis y la din��mica mitocondrial, as�� como en el control del estr��s oxidativo. Los resultados obtenidos en la presente tesis la importancia de la acci��n de E2 a trav��s de los diferentes receptores sobre el estr��s oxidativo, la funci��n, la din��mica y la biog��nesis mitocondrial, tanto en l��neas celulares como en tumores de mama.

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