The submitted diploma thesis summarizes knowledge and findings concerning the issues of gender and social inequality with a focus on leadership in organizations. The target of the thesis is to found out if there are any different characteristics in the way males and females perform in management posts. The theoretical point of view is gender theory, through which tries to determine the causes and context of the unequal status men and women in society and in educational system to the labour market where women face a number of barriers that are causing the lower representation of women in management. Within the framework of the theory of organization and management or in the context of leadership styles looks for the optimal leadership style regardless of gender. Keywords equal opportunities, gender roles, gender stereotypes, labour market, leadership, management

The subject of this diploma thesis is to map the media presentation development of handicapped sportsmen in years 1992-2012. The thesis focuses on sportsmen media impression in journals Právo (also Rudé právo) and Sport (also Československý sport). The objective of this analysis is to find out, whether the impression of handicapped sportsmen corresponds with the impression of so-called normal sportsmen. The analytical part includes qualitative comparative analysis of articles about paralympic and olympic athletes at the time of Olympic and Paralympic Games. The thesis also analyse articles, that were published one week before or after the Games. The first chapter describes, how were handicapped sportsmen noted in newspaper in the past. As handicapped sportsmen are showed in media stereotypically, therefore there is a term deconstruction of representation and stereotypization as a part of theory behind this study. The framing analysis has its own chapter. The way, how texts about paralympic and olympic athletes are framed, is important for further analysis. That analysis forms six chapters. Every single chapter focuses on a single year, in which Olympic or Paralympic Games were held. Using the analysis of texts about the most successfull athletes leads to a comparison of those Games media...

In recent years, the genetic landscape of B-cell derived lymphoid malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), has been rapidly unraveled, identifying recurrent genetic mutations with potential clinical impact. Interestingly, ~30% of all CLL patients can be assigned to more homogeneous subsets based on the expression of a similar or “stereotyped” B-cell receptor (BcR). Considering that biased distribution of genetic mutations was recently indicated in specific stereotyped subsets, in paper I, we screened 565 subset cases, preferentially assigned to clinically aggressive subsets, and confirm the SF3B1 mutational bias in subset #2 (45%), but also report on similarly marked enrichment in subset #3 (46%). In contrast, NOTCH1 mutations were predominantly detected in subsets #1, #8, #59 and #99 (22-34%). This data further highlights a subset-biased acquisition of genetic mutations in the pathogenesis of at least certain subsets. Aberrant NF-κB signaling due to a deletion within the NFKBIE gene previously reported in CLL warranted extended investigation in other lymphoid malignancies. Therefore, in paper II, we screened 1460 patients with various lymphoid malignancies for NFKBIE deletions and reported enrichment in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (27%) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) (23%). NFKBIE-deleted PMBL cases had higher rates of chemorefractoriness and inferior overall survival (OS). NFKBIE-deletion status remained an independent prognostic marker in multivariate analysis. EGR2 mutations were recently reported in advanced stage CLL patients; thus, in paper III we screened 2403 CLL patients for mutations in EGR2. An overall mutational frequency of 3.8% was reported and EGR2 mutations were associated with younger age, advanced stage and del(11q). EGR2 mutational status remained an independent marker of poor outcome in multivariate analysis, both in the screening and validation cohorts. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 70 CLL cases, assigned to poor-prognostic subsets #1 and #2 and indolent subset #4, were investigated in Paper IV and revealed a similar skewing of SF3B1 mutations in subset #2 and NOTCH1 mutations in subset #1 to that reported in Paper I. Additionally, an increased frequency of the recently proposed CLL driver gene RPS15 was observed in subset #1. Finally, novel non-coding mutational biases were detected in both subset #1 and #2 that warrant further investigation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Di Domizio Amaral.pdf: 1066199 bytes, checksum: 15d7d49ef3a0dc3c35b17affd444f1d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The occurrence of stereotypy is one of the criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis. The stereotypy is frequent and intense in autistic individuals and may cause academic and social damage. Various areas of knowledge, including behavior analysis, have tried to develop strategies to weaken stereotypy of autistic individuals. This study aimed to develop a systematic review and methodological evaluation of studies that used analytical-behavioral interventions for weakening motor and vocal stereotypy in autistic individuals published between 1999 and 2013. The studies from this period were selected by PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO and Lilacs bibliographic indexes. It were analyzed 36 articles. The results indicated that 106 authors developed procedures applied with 73 participants between 03 and 49 years old. The use of single subject design was unanimous in the different studies analyzed. Studies evaluating the agreement between observers had high levels of concordance. The procedures most used to weaken stereotypy were environmental enrichment matched stimulation and procedure of interruption and redirection of response (RIRD), however, several procedures were used, for example, procedures of self-management, self-recording, the response blocking, response cost, overcorrection, visual cues, differential reinforcement, verbal reprimands, replacement of edible consequences, functional communication training, verbal operant training, and others. Although results varied between participants, it was shown that weakening the stereotypy is possible by most of the procedures used in the studies reviewed. The 28 studies that evaluated the function of stereotypy and the 03 studies that did not made the functional analysis assessment considered that stereotypy was automatically reinforced. The authors of 03 studies considered that stereotypy was maintained by socially mediated consequences, beyond the sensory consequences. This review pointed methodological weaknesses in the reviewed studies: lack of stability of the measurements made, and lack of generalization and follow-up tests / A ocorrência de estereotipia é um dos critérios para o diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista. A estereotipia é frequente e intensa em indivíduos autistas e pode acarretar prejuízos acadêmicos e sociais. Diversas áreas do conhecimento, entre elas a análise do comportamento, têm buscado desenvolver estratégias para enfraquecer a estereotipia apresentada por indivíduos autistas. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de realizar uma revisão sistemática e uma avaliação metodológica dos estudos que empregaram intervenções analítico-comportamentais para o enfraquecimento de estereotipia motora e vocal em indivíduos autistas publicados entre 1999 e 2013. Os estudos desse período foram selecionados por meio dos indexadores bibliográficos PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO e Lilacs. Foram analisados 36 artigos. Os resultados indicaram que 106 autores desenvolveram procedimentos aplicados em 73 participantes entre 03 e 49 anos de idade. Foi unânime o uso do delineamento de sujeito único nas diferentes pesquisas analisadas. Os estudos que avaliaram o acordo entre observadores obtiveram índices altos de concordância. Os procedimentos mais frequentemente empregados para enfraquecer a estereotipia foram o enriquecimento ambiental do tipo estimulação equivalente e o procedimento de interrupção e redirecionamento da resposta (RIRD), entretanto, foram utilizados diversos procedimentos, como os procedimentos de auto-monitoramento, de auto-registro, de bloqueio de resposta, de custo de resposta, de hipercorreção, de pistas visuais, de reforçamento diferencial, de reprimendas verbais, de sobreposição de consequências comestíveis, de treinamento de comunicação funcional, de treino de operantes verbais, entre outros. A maioria dos procedimentos empregados nos estudos revistos mostrou-se capaz de enfraquecer a estereotipia embora os resultados tenham variado entre participantes. Os 28 estudos que avaliaram a função da estereotipia e 03 dos estudos que não fizeram a avaliação funcional consideraram que a estereotipia era reforçada automaticamente. Os autores de 03 estudos consideraram que a estereotipia era mantida por consequências mediadas socialmente, além das consequências sensoriais. A presente revisão apontou como fraquezas metodológicas nos estudos revistos falta de estabilidade das medidas efetuadas e escassez de testes de generalização e de follow-up

Giant pandas in captivity are typically fed discrete amounts of highly concentrated food on a fixed time schedule, in addition to limited amounts of fresh bamboo throughout the day. In response to informal observations that these animals engage in a number of undesirable behaviors just prior to the predictable feeding of concentrated meals, we examined the existing feeding regime at the Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in Chengdu, Peoples Republic of China. We sought to determine whether undesirable behaviors were occurring more frequently before the delivery of meals than at other times of day and whether modified feeding regimes would result in a more species-appropriate activity budget overall. As predicted, female giant pandas spent significantly more time engaged in door-directed/human-oriented behavior, stereotypic behavior, and non-stereotypic locomotion in the 30-minute periods prior to the feeding of concentrated meals. When placed on a modified feeding schedule in which frequency of bamboo provisioning was increased (total amount was held constant), significant differences were not found between study phases for the above-mentioned behaviors of interest, though a visual trend towards a decline in stereotypic behavior during the experimental phase was noted. Male pandas, when placed on a less predictable feeding schedule, did not exhibit significant behavioral differences in behaviors of interest between experimental phases or observation periods. These findings may be attributable in part to the low power inherent in the small sample size. However, visual trends that may be indicative of feeding anticipatory activity (FAA) were apparent. It appears that giant pandas, like many other animal species cited in the literature, are sensitive to periodic feeding regimes, though it is less clear as to which regime modifications will prove most beneficial.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 89 pages. / Thesis (M.S.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: The ability of an organism to modulate its feeding behavior is an important focus of feeding ecology studies. Modulation is the ability to distinctly and consistently alter a behavior to accommodate different stimuli. The goal of this study was to examine the ability of the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum to modulate its food capture behavior with different sizes and types of food items. This was carried out through kinematic and electromyographic analysis. Eight sub-adult specimens of G. cirratum were filmed feeding on two different food types (squid and fish) and sizes (gape size and larger than gape size). Filming consisted of high-speed videography utilizing a low-light digital video system. Kinematic variables related to lower jaw movement, mouth width, and head angle were measured from video footage. Up to twelve muscles in each of six specimens were implanted with bipolar electrodes to measure the onset and duration of motor activity. / ABSTRACT: There were no significant differences between food sizes and any of the kinematic variables. Only two muscles showed significant differences in onset time based on food size. In regards to food types, squid bites were significantly faster than fish bites, but when examined proportionately to bite duration only the time to jaw closure remained significantly different. The motor pattern of G. cirratum demonstrates an anterior to posterior sequence, which corresponds to the anterior to posterior kinematic sequence. Little cranial elevation is present during feeding sequences and is not thought to contribute significantly to feeding. Ginglymostoma cirratum is a stereotyped, inertial suction feeder. There is little evidence that there is modulation in feeding behavior based on food size or food type. If modulation does exist in the feeding behavior, it is more likely to occur after prey capture while the prey is being processed and manipulated prior to transport. / ABSTRACT: Initial observations suggested that a novel behavior termed 'spit-suck manipulation' is utilized for larger prey items. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This thesis deals with the issue of gender stereotypes, which are presented in music videos in actual popular songs. The work is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part is focused on defining the basic concepts and definitions, which are linked to the gender theory, media and media communications. Next part is showing gender in media communications with an emphasis on advertising messages and popular music. The second part deals with the actual practical research, which is primary based on Goffman's view of gender stereotyping in advertising messages. In the continuity of the theoretical part there are analyzed selected music videos. The focus is concentrated on identifying and describing the mechanisms by which the gender stereotypes in popular music are reproduced. Selected music clips were analyzed by procedures established under the content analysis. The results show how the masculinity and the femininity are displayed in contemporary popular music video clips.

This thesis follows my previous studies of modern Japanese society and popular culture. I will especially focus on gender stereotypes, particularly negative stereotypes concerning women who refuse to bow to a substantial pressure from society endowed with a strong Confucian tradition. It was this very tradition - together with a foreign concept akin to the Western domesticity cult - what gave rise to the ideal of "good wife, wise mother" (rjósai kenbo), which at least in some form remains quite tangible even in contemporary Japanese society. One of the tasks this thesis wants to undertake is to describe how the negative stereotyping of women who stood in either conscious or natural opposition towards this ideal affected portrayal of women in Japanese popular culture (especially comics), which can be a very good perpetuator of all kinds of stereotypes. At the same time, I would like to find out whether it managed to partially subvert at least some of the negative images of women who refused to be good wives and wise mothers. Key words: gender stereotypes, Japan, popular culture, comics, rjósai kenbo, manga

This work focuses on the analysis of visual representation, behaviour and development of female characters in the video games series the Witcher, which consists of three games with consequential stories. The aim of this work is to analyse all female characters that appear in this three-part series, from main characters to supporting characters and female monsters. In the first part of this work, there is the theoretical clarification of the basic gaming terms and how the gender problematics are connected with video games - namely femininity, sexism and basic female archetypes, which are an inseparable part of games. Furthermore, the thesis introduces the origin of the Witcher world as well as its main hero, Geralt, and briefly introduces the plot of the series. In the second part of this work, the three main characters of the series are analysed in the terms of their visual representation, behaviour, motivation as well as their relationship with the main hero, their behaviour during fights and their relationships with other characters. Furthermore, this work analyses selected female characters, which are examined as individuals (for example sorceresses and warriors) or as groups (for example village women, town women and vampires), according to how significant they are. This thesis focuses on how...

The thesis deals with gender issues. It is divided into two parts, theoretical ? based on literature review and practical ? based on research. The theoretical part deals with the concept of gender as a social construct. It is focused on manifestation of gender stereotypes in various aspects of girl?s and woman?s life. The first chapter defines the most important terms (gender, sex, socialization, identity) and is followed by a chapter dealing with gender stereotypes related to female and male social constructs (of femininity and masculinity). The next part describes manifestation of gender roles, (differences and behaviour) in family. The following chapter shows the picture of woman which is presented in the media (magazines for women, advertisement, publications for children). The last chapter describes manifestation of gender roles in school environment. The practical part presents results of the quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative research is based on questionnaire investigation. The qualitative research was conducted through controlled interviews. Both types of research were focused on gender problems ? whether the girls participating in the research realize the effects of gender roles and how they perceive them. The result of this research is that girls are aware of pressure based on gender differences. They realize the conflict between their wishes and reality, but they fully respect the traditional gender division of the worl into the male and female world and they lead their lives in accordance with the traditional gender stereotypes.