Greater sage-grouse populations have decreased steadily since European settlement in western North America. Reduced availability of brood-rearing habitat has been identified as a limiting factor for many populations. We used radio-telemetry to acquire locations of sage-grouse broods from 1998 to 2012 in Strawberry Valley, Utah. Using these locations and remotely-sensed imagery, we proceeded to 1) determine which features of brood-rearing habitat could be identified using widely available, fine-scale imagery 2) assess the scale at which sage-grouse selected brood-rearing habitat in our study area, and 3) create a predictive habitat model that could be applied across our large study area to identify areas of preferred brood-rearing habitat. We used AIC model selection to evaluate support for a list of variables derived from remotely-sensed imagery. We examined the relationship of explanatory variables at three scales (45, 200, and 795 meter radii). Our top model included 10 variables (percent shrub, percent grass, percent tree, percent paved road, percent riparian, meters of sage/tree edge, meters of riparian/tree edge, distance to tree, distance to transmission lines, and distance to permanent structures). Variables from each scale were represented in our top model with the majority of scale-sensitive variables suggesting selection at the larger (795 meter) scale. When applied to our study area our top model predicted 75% of naive brood locations suggesting reasonable success using this method and widely available NAIP (National Agricultural Imagery Program) imagery. We encourage application of this method to other sage-grouse populations and species of conservation concern. The northern river otter is a cryptic semi-aquatic predator that establishes and uses latrines. Highly used river otter latrines indicate otter "activity centers" since frequency of scat deposition is thought to be correlated to frequency of habitat use. We compared an indirect method (scat counts) and a direct method (remote cameras) of determining latrine utilization in order to assess the accuracy of the commonly used indirect method. To further compare these methods we used them to examine effects of anthropogenic disturbance on otters of the Provo River in Utah. We found that overall the direct and indirect methods were highly correlated. There was significant seasonal variation in the degree of correlation between the indirect and direct methods with correlation being significantly higher in the summer. We found similar results when using these methods to examine effects of anthropogenic disturbance. For each method the distance of the latrine to trails was significant in one of the top competing models. We suggest that space use of otters in our study area is being affected by anthropogenic disturbance as measured by distance to trails. We also suggest that scat counts should only be conducted during the summer when they correlate best with actual levels of otter activity.

Verticillium wilt is a widespread soilborne disease of strawberry historically controlled by soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). MB was banned by the United Nations in 1995 and will be completely phased out by 2015. Research has concentrated on alternative methods of disease control without finding a single alternative able to replace MB in widespread disease control and yield increase. For the current study, strawberries were greenhouse grown in container pots filled with soil from both infested and non-infested areas of a commercial strawberry field in Watsonville, CA. Treatments included pre-plant soil fumigation with commercially available formulations of methyl bromide, chloropicrin, and 1, 3-Dichloropropene. Additional treatments included ozone gas (six treatments) and biological control (three treatments). Collected data included total plant yield, individual berry weight, number of fruit produced per plant, plant vegetative weight, infection status, and mineral concentration of fruit (calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, carbon, and nitrogen). Plants grown in ‘clean’ soil were less likely than plants grown in ‘infested’ soil to be infected with Verticillium. Plants grown in soil treated with MB had higher plant weight and yield than did non-treated control. Ozone and biological control treatments did not have statistically higher yield than non-treated control plants nor statistically lower yield than plants grown in soil treated with MB. Individual berry weights had a narrow range while the number of berries produced per treatment had a wide range. Data suggests strawberry yield is dependent on the number of berries produced per plant. Plants with high vegetative weight produced the highest yield suggesting large plants produce many berries resulting in higher yield.

The purpose of this study has been to determine : (1) the mammalian species present in the Mud Creek area; (2) the approximate population density of each trappable species; (3) the species responsible for the damage; (4) the stem density and frequency of Smbucus racemosa; and (5) the approximate extent of damage to the red elderberry stems.

No description available.

Fruit and vegetables are often spoilt during storage, handling and transportation due to microorganisms. The common spoilage causes are fungi within the order Mucorales, the largest order of the class Zygomycetes. Such spoilage can result in reduced food supplies, poor quality and severe losses to producers and traders. The study was to investigate the type of Mucorales prevalent in various commodities and in a particular market than others. Fifty infected papaya, peaches and strawberries were collected at five occasions from large, medium and small markets. Isolation was done aseptically in a biosafety cabinet. Mucorales were identified morphologically, through culture based tests and molecular techniques. Mucorales isolated are Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor circinelloides and Mucor racemosus. Mucorales were isolated at a higher rate in samples collected from the small market than other two markets. Spoilage in all three markets is assumed to be influenced by lack of modified temperatures in the storage room. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

O morango representa boa fonte de vitamina C, flavonóides e derivados de ácido elágico e tem ampla aceitação pela população brasileira. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: caracterizar diferentes cultivares quanto aos teores de compostos bioativos, otimizar a metodologia para quantificação do conteúdo de ácido elágico total, purificar e caracterizar estruturalmente os elagitaninos, avaliar sua potencial atividade antiproliferativa, anti-diabetes tipo 2 e anti-hipertensão, estudar a biodisponibilidade desses compostos in vivo. Os resultados demonstraram que existem diferenças significativas nos teores de compostos bioativos entre as cultivares. As melhores condições para determinação dos teores de ácido elágico total foram: extração em acetona 80% e posterior hidrólise com ácido trifluoracético (TFA) 2N a 120 °C por 60 minutos. A precipitação com acetato de itérbio foi o método mais eficiente para a purificação dos elagitaninos. Após administração por gavagem a ratos de um purificado de elagitaninos, nenhum composto foi detectado no plasma e tecidos analisados. / Strawberries are a good source of vitamin C, flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives and are consumed in Brazil in large quantities. The objectives of the present work were: characterization of different cultivars with respect to the content of bioactive compounds, optimization of the method for quantification of total ellagic acid content, purification and structural identification of ellagitannins, evaluation of their antiproliferative, anti-type 2 diabetes and anti-hypertension potentials, investigation of their in vivo bioavailability. The results indicated that there were significant differences in bioactive compounds among the strawberry cultivars. The best conditions for the determination of the total ellagic acid content in strawberries were extraction with 80% acetone, and hydrolysis using 2N TFA at 120 °C for 60 minutes. The precipitation method using ytterbium acetate was the most efficient in purifying the ellagitannins. After administration of purified ellagitannins to rats by gavage, no compound was detected in plasma or tissue samples analyzed.

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-04-07T11:44:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilia Marta.pdf: 1791339 bytes, checksum: 4b1d16d2c77f148ff69597765e114fa2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-07T11:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marilia Marta.pdf: 1791339 bytes, checksum: 4b1d16d2c77f148ff69597765e114fa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / CAPES / Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that studies the intelligent behavior of living beings, and mimics this intelligence by deploying it in computer programs, machines and systems in order to solve problems related to searching, optimization, planning, control, automation, etc. One of the areas of artificial intelligence is evolutionary computation, which is inspired by the principle of natural evolution of species. Within the evolutionary computation several methods based on the intelligence of plants have been recently proposed. How the plants survive and adapt in harsh environments has aroused great interest of researchers in AI. It is remarkable that the life cycle of a plant is extremely intriguing. The way the plants reproduce, propagate, disperse their seeds and select the most resistant is undoubtedly an evidence of intelligence of plants when optimize their existence. In this sense, several computer algorithms based on the intelligent lifecycle of plants have been proposed recently, these algorithms are in many cases, simple to implement, and very efficient in solving complex problems. In this work, the performance of some algorithms, the flower pollination algorithm, strawberry plant algorithm, invasive weed optimization and plant life cycle algorithm, all of them based on the intelligent behavior of plants, are analyzed when applied to optimization of test functions, and they are also compared with classical genetic algorithms. / A inteligência artificial (IA) é um ramo da ciência da computação que estuda o comportamento inteligente dos seres vivos e imita essa inteligência implantando-a em programas de computador, máquinas e sistemas para resolver problemas relacionados à busca, otimização, planejamento, controle, automação, etc. Uma das áreas da inteligência artificial é a computação evolutiva, que é inspirada pelo princípio da evolução natural das espécies. Dentro da computação evolutiva vários métodos baseados na informação de plantas têm sido recentemente proposto. Como as plantas sobrevivem e se adaptam em ambientes agressivos tem despertado grande interesse dos pesquisadores em IA. O ciclo de vida de uma planta é extremamente intrigante. A maneira como as plantas se reproduzem, propagam, dispersam suas sementes e selecionam as mais resistentes é, sem dúvida, uma evidência de inteligência das plantas quando otimizam sua existência. Nesse sentido, diversos algoritmos computacionais baseados no ciclo de vida inteligente das plantas têm sido propostos nos anos recentes, esses algoritmos são, em muitos casos, simples de implementar e muito eficientes na solução de problemas complexos. Neste trabalho é analisado o desempenho de alguns desses algoritmos, o algoritmo de polinização de flores, o algoritmo de planta de morango, otimização invasiva de ervas daninhas e algoritmo do ciclo de vida da planta, todos baseados no comportamento inteligente das plantas, quando aplicados à otimização de funções teste e também comparados com algoritmos genéticos clássicos.

Fruit and vegetables are often spoilt during storage, handling and transportation due to microorganisms. The common spoilage causes are fungi within the order Mucorales, the largest order of the class Zygomycetes. Such spoilage can result in reduced food supplies, poor quality and severe losses to producers and traders. The study was to investigate the type of Mucorales prevalent in various commodities and in a particular market than others. Fifty infected papaya, peaches and strawberries were collected at five occasions from large, medium and small markets. Isolation was done aseptically in a biosafety cabinet. Mucorales were identified morphologically, through culture based tests and molecular techniques. Mucorales isolated are Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor circinelloides and Mucor racemosus. Mucorales were isolated at a higher rate in samples collected from the small market than other two markets. Spoilage in all three markets is assumed to be influenced by lack of modified temperatures in the storage room. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

以出生年份所定義的七年級生，因其富庶卻又嚴苛的生存條件而與草莓族形象疊合，形成獨一無二的「草莓世代」。筆者身為七年級生的一員，關注此世代從無到有、經由比較與召喚所被建構的過程。首先將勾勒出七年級生的成長背景，討論他們何以繼釣魚台世代之後被指認，並試圖指出其歷史意義；其次蒐集七年級生在財經企管雜誌中的相關表述，並置於時空脈絡中探討其形象如何被建構，及背後的論述形構。世代的建構與定義方式，從曼海姆與蕭阿勤的自我定義與實踐，消費社會中以行銷為本、針對年輕族群所貼的標籤，到「草莓世代」的勞動主體建構，反映不同的命名邏輯與社會脈絡。本研究發現，草莓世代中的「生產力論述」中出現了工作倫理轉向，從生產者社會的全景敞視規訓，轉化為消費者社會中具備彈性與動能、隨時召喚認同的生命治理模式：由內而外進行勞動主體的調理與改造，使之內化此規訓法則，進而成為個體化社會中自負盈虧、高度彈性的理想勞動力。 / Youths born in 1980s (The Post-80s) were raised rich yet faced relatively crucial living status when grown up, and thus were defined as unique "strawberry generation." As part of the youths, I concern the process that how the generation emerged by comparison and interpellation. First of all, the article illustrates social background in the 1980s, discussing why the Post-80s were identified as “strawberry generation” after the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands generation, and then points out the historical meaning behind. Secondly, I collected essays about the Post-80s in business magazines, analyzing how their images were constructed and the discursive formulation in temporal context. The ways that generations were constructed and defined were shifting from the self-definition/practice that Mannheim and A-chin Hsiau have discussed, labels on youths in terms of marketing strategy of consumer society, to the construction of labor subjectivity among "strawberry generation." Furthermore, the evolution reflects different naming logic as well as social context. In this research, I discover that there has been a work ethic turn in the "productivity discourses" of strawberry generation. It turns from the panoptical discipline of producer society to the flexible/dynamic biopolitics that may call for identification in consumer society. In terms of the biopolitics, it manages to convert labor subjects from the inside out, making them internalize the discipline rules and thus become ideal labor force who takes his/her own responsibility with higher mobility.

O morango representa boa fonte de vitamina C, flavonóides e derivados de ácido elágico e tem ampla aceitação pela população brasileira. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: caracterizar diferentes cultivares quanto aos teores de compostos bioativos, otimizar a metodologia para quantificação do conteúdo de ácido elágico total, purificar e caracterizar estruturalmente os elagitaninos, avaliar sua potencial atividade antiproliferativa, anti-diabetes tipo 2 e anti-hipertensão, estudar a biodisponibilidade desses compostos in vivo. Os resultados demonstraram que existem diferenças significativas nos teores de compostos bioativos entre as cultivares. As melhores condições para determinação dos teores de ácido elágico total foram: extração em acetona 80% e posterior hidrólise com ácido trifluoracético (TFA) 2N a 120 °C por 60 minutos. A precipitação com acetato de itérbio foi o método mais eficiente para a purificação dos elagitaninos. Após administração por gavagem a ratos de um purificado de elagitaninos, nenhum composto foi detectado no plasma e tecidos analisados. / Strawberries are a good source of vitamin C, flavonoids and ellagic acid derivatives and are consumed in Brazil in large quantities. The objectives of the present work were: characterization of different cultivars with respect to the content of bioactive compounds, optimization of the method for quantification of total ellagic acid content, purification and structural identification of ellagitannins, evaluation of their antiproliferative, anti-type 2 diabetes and anti-hypertension potentials, investigation of their in vivo bioavailability. The results indicated that there were significant differences in bioactive compounds among the strawberry cultivars. The best conditions for the determination of the total ellagic acid content in strawberries were extraction with 80% acetone, and hydrolysis using 2N TFA at 120 °C for 60 minutes. The precipitation method using ytterbium acetate was the most efficient in purifying the ellagitannins. After administration of purified ellagitannins to rats by gavage, no compound was detected in plasma or tissue samples analyzed.