Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-11T15:47:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Silva Coutinho.pdf: 3150287 bytes, checksum: df7088d8dfcea98a47c6189564521b2e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T15:47:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Silva Coutinho.pdf: 3150287 bytes, checksum: df7088d8dfcea98a47c6189564521b2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / This research is committed to a reflection on the performance of the Environmental State in view of the Structuring Theory of Law (Friedrich Müller), by observing the construction of protection norms for sustainable cities with a method that analyzes the structure of state decisions. Engaged in formulating integration criteria for empirical data in decision-making processes, such methodology enables practical implementation of norms and protective measures for urban spaces by developing solutions with higher standards of reasoning and justification, and establishing a better control of the contents and limits of environmental protection. From this viewpoint, sustainable cities are conceived as a domain that provides for economic, political and social development without compromising natural resources – one that creates ways to ensure environmental balance and access to fundamental rights, including cultural and natural assets, in order to guarantee quality of life for its inhabitants. This research has two parts. In the first one, we show the constitutional foundations of the Environmental State in Brazil, i.e., the constitutional basis of a form of state that tends to prioritize the protection of the environment as an overarching goal in all of its decision-making processes. In the second part, we advance the construction of the contents and limits of the protection of cities, by employing a methodology that rationalizes the construction of norms of environmental protection with the notions of "norm program" and "norm scope", and by identifying endogenous and exogenous aspects regarding the legal system – all with the aim of improving the practical implementation of the law in the protection of the urban environment by the Environmental State. These measures therefore contribute to greater correctness and effectiveness of state actions, in view of the constitutional objective of creating more sustainable cities / A presente pesquisa se comprometeu com uma reflexão sobre a atuação do Estado Ambiental na perspectiva da Teoria Estruturante do Direito (Friedrich Müller), verificando a construção da norma de defesa das cidades sustentáveis com o suporte de um método que analisa a estrutura das decisões estatais. Empenhada na formulação de critérios de integração dos dados da realidade em processos decisórios, essa metodologia permite a concretização prática da norma e da atuação de proteção dos espaços urbanos mediante a elaboração de soluções com maior volume de argumentação e justificação, estabelecendo um controle mais adequado dos conteúdos e limites da defesa ambiental. Esse ponto de vista aborda as cidades sustentáveis como o domínio que proporciona o desenvolvimento econômico, político e social sem comprometimento demasiado dos recursos naturais, criando meios de garantir o equilíbrio ambiental e o acesso a direitos fundamentais, incluídos os bens culturais e naturais, visando à sadia qualidade de vida dos seus habitantes. Diante disso, esta investigação pode ser dividida em dois momentos. Inicialmente, demonstra que existem no Brasil os pilares constitucionais para a identificação de um Estado Ambiental como uma forma de Estado que tende a priorizar a defesa do meio ambiente no reconhecimento de critérios e metas que pautam os processos decisórios estatais. Em seguida, propõe a construção de conteúdos e limites das decisões de defesa das cidades por intermédio de uma metodologia que racionaliza a construção da norma de preservação ambiental a partir das noções de “programa da norma” e “âmbito da norma”, identificando aspectos endógenos e exógenos ao sistema do Direito, com o escopo de aprimorar a concretização prática da norma e da atividade de tutela do meio urbano pelo Estado Ambiental. Portanto, essas providências contribuem para o incremento das possibilidades de correção e eficácia na atividade estatal, no panorama dos objetivos constitucionais de busca por cidades com mais sustentabilidade

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-06-08T12:30:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiny Mroczkoski Rocha._pdf.pdf: 4286717 bytes, checksum: fb46c4c811b9c52c4e347205df77e428 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-08T12:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiny Mroczkoski Rocha._pdf.pdf: 4286717 bytes, checksum: fb46c4c811b9c52c4e347205df77e428 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Nenhuma / No Estado Democrático de Direito a verdadeira práxis reside na efetiva concretização dos direitos e garantias fundamentais dos indivíduos, e não mais unicamente na realização da vontade concreta da lei. É função da Justiça tutelar os direitos, prestando-se o processo como o meio pelo qual a parte pode alcançar a tutela almejada ao direito em crise de efetividade. Ocorre que, a duração do processo muitas vezes desponta como óbice a gerar prejuízos e situações injustas, lançando ônus precisamente sobre aquele que se encontra na condição de merecedor da tutela jurisdicional. Nesse sentido, fala-se então em tutelas diferenciadas, que prestam-se como meios de regulação provisória da crise de direito em que se encontram o(s) litigante(s). O Código de Processo Civil (Lei nº 13.105/2015) promoveu grandes mudanças em sede dessas tutelas, ditas ‘tutelas provisórias’, que são remédios processuais, em termos efetivos, para a busca de celeridade na prestação jurisdicional, seja para salvaguardar um direito, para satisfazê-lo, ou mesmo para reconhecê-lo como evidente. Daí que fala-se em um redimensionamento do tempo, a fim de tratar aquilo que François Ost já denominou de destemporalização do Direito. Contudo, para além de uma análise dogmática de todas as inovações advindas com a nova legislação, se mostra necessária uma investigação da própria práxis em sede de cognição sumária, como forma de verificar como o Estado-juiz, a um nível qualitativo, as tem prestado. Nesse especial, surge a Teoria Estruturante do Direito de Friedrich Müller, preocupada diretamente com a concretização da norma (e, assim, do próprio Direito). É uma teoria que parte de um viés indutivo, sendo considera pós-positivistas, isto é, apta a superar os limites dos positivismo jurídico (mera formalidade em detrimento da substancialidade). Diretamente ligada a corrente jusconstitucionalista (constitucionalismo contemporâneo) que aproxima o Direito da realidade, permite além de maior racionalidade ao trabalho do judiciário, a concretização de direitos e normatividade da norma decisória voltada ao caso concreto. No estanto, não se pode desconsiderar que os provimentos jurisdicionais, à luz do Estado Democrático de Direito, devem abarcar os conceitos de ‘coerência e integridade’, vetores principiológicos pelos quais todo o sistema jurídico deve ser lido. Nesse viés, possibilita-se o diálogo da TED com a Teoria de Ronald Dworkin, inclusive porque o novo Código de Processo Civil adotou os preceitos dworkinianos como “ferramentas” aptas a diminuir o voluntarismo judicial, sem, contudo, refletir como objetivo a promoção de tutelas exaurientes (onde há maior grau de certeza jurídica quanto à controvérsia). Tomando-se em consideração este cenário e sendo esta uma área da processualística onde denuncia-se o protagonismo judicial, surge a celeuma: como a Teoria e Metódica Estruturante de Friedrich Müller pode contribuir para a concretização da norma decisória em cognição sumária? Essa estruturação da norma reflete à promoção de coerência e integridade’, incentivando, por conseguinte, a uma teoria da decisão judicial que se coadune com o Estado de Direito fruto de uma democracia constitucional? / In the Democratic State of Right, the real practice lies in the effective realization of the fundamental rights and guarantees of individuals, and no longer solely in the realization of the concrete will of the law. It is a function of Justice provides the guardianship of the rights, rendering the process as the means by which the part can reach the tutelage aimed for the right in crisis of effectiveness. It happens that, the duration of the process often appears as an obstacle to generate losses and unfair situations, placing onus precisely on the one who is in the condition of worthy of the judicial protection. In this sense, there is talk of differentiated tutelages, which are provided The Civil Procedure Code (Law no. 13.105 / 2015) has promoted major changes in these tutelas, so-called 'provisional tutelages', which are procedural remedies, in effective terms, for the pursuit of speed in the jurisdictional provision, either to safeguard a right, to satisfy it, or even to acknowledge it as self-evident. Hence we are talking about a resizing of time, in order to deal with what François Ost has already called the timelessness of Law. However, in addition to a dogmatic analysis of all the innovations that come with the new legislation, it is necessary to investigate the praxis itself in terms of summary cognition, as a way of verifying how the State-judge, on a qualitative level, has provided them. In this special, there is Friedrich Müller's Theory of Law, concerned directly with the concretization of the norm (and thus of the right itself). It is a theory that starts from an inductive bias, being considered post-positivist, that is, able to overcome the limits of legal positivism (mere formality to the detriment of substantiality). Directly linked to the current jusconstitutionalism (contemporary constitutionalism) that approximates the law to the reality, it allows, in addition to a greater rationality to the work of the judiciary, the concretization of rights and provides the normativity to the decisory rule directed to the concrete case. In this respect, it can not be disregarded that jurisdictional appeals, in the light of the Democratic Rule of Law, should embrace the concepts of 'coherence and integrity', the principle vectors by which the entire legal system must be read. In this bias, is it possible the dialogue between TED's and Ronald Dworkin's Theory, also because the new Code of Civil Procedure adopted the Dworkinian precepts as "tools" capable of diminishing judicial voluntarism, without, however, reflect that as an objective of promoting tutelages in exhaust cognition(where there is greater degree of legal certainty about the controversy). Taking this scenario into account and being an area of the procedural where the judicial protagonism is denounced, there is a stir: how can Friedrich Müller's Theory and Structural Methodology contribute to the realization of the normative decision-making in summary cognition? Does this structuring of the norm reflect the promotion of 'coherence and integrity', thus encouraging a theory of judicial decision that is consistent with the rule of law resulting from a constitutional democracy?

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-02-29T13:41:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lanaira da Silva_.pdf: 1030082 bytes, checksum: 7ad012030e40ab9677f8e998dd87e93a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-29T13:41:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lanaira da Silva_.pdf: 1030082 bytes, checksum: 7ad012030e40ab9677f8e998dd87e93a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Nenhuma / A partir da Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito (Lenio Streck), o presente estudo buscou abordar, em uma perspectiva comparativa, aspectos elementares da estruturação normativa na Teoria e Metódica Estruturante do Direito (Friedrich Müller). Nesse sentido, o ponto fundamental na discussão proposta é o modo como se dão as concepções normativas de cada teoria. Tanto a Crítica Hermenêutica do Direito quanto a Teoria Estruturante do Direito distinguem-se de tantas outras teorias (de acepções positivistas) por apresentarem originalmente um tratamento diferenciado a essa questão que se revela como um ponto de partida essencial: a norma. A partir dessa constatação, ao trazer o debate para o interior dos paradigmas filosóficos (com inserção de um teorema fundamental da Filosofia Hermenêutica: a diferença ontológica), foi possível problematizar a amplitude de como esta distinção fundamental é capaz de desvelar, sob um outro viés, a diferença existente entre texto e norma. Dentro de um “chão” comum entre Crítica Hermenêutica, e Teoria Estruturante, em virtude da influente presença da “Hermenêutica Filosófica”, foram levantados alguns pontos de (des)encontros entre os autores, observando um critério fundamental para que uma teoria se designe “Pós-positivista”: o enfrentamento da discricionariedade. / From the “Hermeneutical Critique of law” (Lenio Streck), this study sought to address in a comparative perspective, elementary aspects of the regulatory structure in Theory and Methodical Structuring Law (Friedrich Müller). In this sense, the fundamental point in the proposed discussion is how to give the normative conceptions of each theory. Both Hermeneutical Critique of Law as the Structuring Theory of Law distinguished from many other theories (of positivists meanings) originally presented by different treatment to that question turns out to be an essential starting point: the norm. From this evidence, to bring the debate to the interior of the philosophical paradigms (with insertion of a fundamental theorem of Hermeneutics Philosophy: the ontological difference) it was possible to discuss the scope of how this fundamental distinction is able to reveal, under another, the distinction between text and standard. Within a "commonground" among “Hermeneutical Critique” and “Structuring Theory”, due to the influential presence of the "Philosophical Hermeneutics", some points were raised (un) meetings between authors observing a fundamental criterion for a theory designating of "Post -positivism ": the confrontation of discretion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas de Faria Rodrigues.pdf: 979982 bytes, checksum: 84c6dded95dff730cb73c29995efa731 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-03 / This work aims to seek the meaning of Ecological Constitution, defined as the set of constitutional rules directed to protection of the environment, from an effective dialogue with the natural sciences. The fundamental premise, from which developed the thesis, is that understanding the characteristics of the good tutored is essential to the full exercise of guardianship. From there we sought to dogmatic bases in Law to allow an effective interdisciplinary dialogue. In Law, the foundation was the Structuring Theory of Friedrich Müller and his idea of the rules concretization. From this theory was possible to extract the structure of the legal norm, which is not given prior to the interpreter, is built in the case, from its normative program and its normative ambit. The text is only part of the process, does not contain in itself the normativity. There is no legal norm (and also environmental norm) previously defined. The choice of Ecology was not arbitrary in this context of dialogue, but enforcement of the normative ambit of environmental norm. From this discipline was possible to extract elements as the network pattern (or the interconnection) and cooperation. Only from the instant you properly understand the nature relationships, will be possible to realize the expected protection. These findings lead to the orderly operation of government, focused on joint efforts to safeguard the common good. These characteristics should reflect the pattern of action of the constituted authorities, in the moment of the environmental norm concretization, from maxims as coordination, cohesion and cooperation. It has been shown that the intensity and mode of influence of these elements will vary as the normative program requires the search for extra-legal elements to delimit the respective normative ambit. Escape of these elements leads to a risk of Constitutional symbolization. There is a practical reflection in the process of concretization, with impacts on the activity of all state powers involved (Legislative, Executive and Judiciary). Thus, there are impacts on the solution of concrete cases placed to the examination of the judiciary, but also in shaping and implementing public policies. It´s necessary to speak in a guideline for dealing with the environmental issues / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo buscar o sentido da Constituição Ecológica, definida como o conjunto de normas constitucionais voltadas à tutela do meio ambiente, a partir de um diálogo efetivo com as ciências naturais. A premissa fundamental, a partir da qual desenvolveuse a dissertação, é de que compreender as características do bem tutelado é essencial para o pleno exercício desta tutela. A partir daí buscou-se as bases dogmáticas no Direito a permitir um diálogo interdisciplinar efetivo. No Direito, o fundamento foi a Teoria Estruturante de Friedrich Müller e sua ideia de concretização das normas. A partir desta teoria foi possível extrair a estrutura da norma jurídica, que não é um dado prévio ao intérprete, constrói-se no caso concreto, a partir do seu programa normativo e seu âmbito normativo. O texto é apenas parte do processo, não contém em si a normatividade. Não existe norma jurídica (e também norma ambiental) definida previamente. A escolha da Ecologia não foi arbitrária neste contexto de diálogo, mas imposição do próprio âmbito normativo da norma ambiental. Desta disciplina foi possível extrair elementos como o padrão de redes (ou a interconexão) e a cooperação. Só a partir do instante em que se compreender adequadamente as relações da natureza, poder-se-á ter consciência da tutela esperada. Estas constatações levam a uma atuação ordenada dos poderes públicos, voltada à conjugação de esforços para salvaguardar um bem comum. Estas características devem refletir no padrão de ação dos poderes constituídos, no momento da concretização da norma ambiental, a partir de máximas como coordenação, coesão e cooperação. Mostrou-se que a intensidade e o modo de influência destes elementos variarão conforme o programa normativo requeira a busca de elementos extrajurídicos para delimitar o respectivo âmbito normativo. Fugir destes elementos leva a um risco de simbolização da Constituição. Há um reflexo prático no processo de concretização, com impactos na atividade de todos os Poderes estatais envolvidos (Legislativo, Executivo e Judiciário). Assim, há impactos na solução de casos concretos postos a exame do Judiciário, mas também na formatação e execução de políticas públicas. É necessário se falar em uma verdadeira diretriz de enfrentamento das questões ambientais

Bakgrund: Samhällets medvetenhet om klimathot har ökat det senaste decenniet, vilket medfört att fler företag både vill och måste redogöra för sitt ansvar, i och med nya lagkrav och direktiv om hållbarhetsrapporten. Hållbarhetsredovisningen kan ses som ett internt verktyg som hjälper företag att samla in, analysera och kommunicera hållbarhetsinformation. Tidigare forskning saknas om den komplexitet som kan uppstå inom organisationer vid upprättandet av hållbarhetsredovisningen, där strukturer och människor har en inverkan. Syfte och frågeställning: Uppsatsen syftar till att utforska och öka förståelsen för vilken betydelse strukturer och människor har för redovisningens kvalitet och omfattning. Studiens frågeställning är: Utifrån ett internt perspektiv, på vilket sätt har strukturer och människor en inverkan på hållbarhetsredovisningens innehåll? Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod som inkluderar semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju personer från sju olika företag. Intervjuerna kompletteras med dokumentstudier genom att granska varje deltagande företags hållbarhetsredovisning. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att regler har en inverkan på hållbarhetsredovisningen genom att de skapar struktur och tydliggör vad som måste rapporteras, hur informationen ska presenternas och vilka standarder som måste följas. Rutiner säkerställer att företag samlar in, bearbetar och rapporterar sitt hållbarhetsarbete på ett konsekvent och tillförlitligt sätt. Vidare spelar resurser en viktig roll eftersom företag måste ha tillgång till tillräckliga resurser både i form av tid, finansiella medel och personal för att kunna rapportera om sina hållbarhetsprestationer. I studien framkommer även att människor har en inverkan på hållbarhetsredovisningens innehåll genom sina handlingar, beteende och engagemang, likaså hjälper tidsaspekter företag att beskriva och mäta hur de har presterat över tid. Slutsats: Studien visar att tydliga regler, rutiner och tillräckliga resurser hjälper företag att upprätta en hållbarhetsredovisning av god kvalitet och omfattning. Människors handlingar, driv och tidsaspekter visar sig vara avgörande för hur hållbarhetsredovisningen utformas. / Background: Society's awareness of climate threats has increased in the last decade, which means that more companies both want and have to report on their responsibilities, partly due to new legal requirements and directives on the sustainability report. The sustainability report can be seen as an internal tool that helps companies collect, analyze and communicate sustainability information. Previous research is lacking on the complexity that can arise within organizations when preparing the sustainability report, where structures and people have an impact. Purpose and question: The purpose of this study is to explore and increase understanding of the importance of structures and people for the quality and extent of the accounting. The study's question is: From an internal perspective, in what way do structures and people have an impact on the content of the sustainability report? Method: The study is based on a qualitative method that includes semi-structured interviews with seven people from seven different companies. The interviews are supplemented with document studies by reviewing each participating company's sustainability report. Results: The study's results show that rules have an impact on sustainability reporting by creating structure and clarifying what must be reported, how the information must be presented and which standards must be followed. Routines ensure that companies collect, process and report their sustainability work in a consistent and reliable way. Furthermore, resources play an important role because companies must have access to sufficient resources both in the form of time, financial means and personnel to be able to report on their sustainability presentations. The study also shows that people have an impact on the content of the sustainability report, partly through their actions, behaviour and commitment, time aspects also help companies to describe and measure how they have performed over time. Conclusion: The study shows that clear rules, routines and sufficient resources help companies to create a sustainability report of good quality and extent. People's actions, commitment and time aspects prove to be decisive for how the sustainability report is designed.

Les premières études recensées ayant traité de la co-délinquance ont plus de cent ans. Comme il s’agit d’un sujet qui a de l’histoire, il y a eu une grande évolution dans la façon d’aborder la question et dans les méthodologies employées. Mais, ce n’est que depuis quelques années que la co-délinquance est étudiée par l’entremise de données d’arrestations policières et c’est ce type de données qui sera utilisé pour répondre à l’objectif principal, celui-ci étant la détermination des conditions expliquant le recours ou non à la co-délinquance pour commettre une infraction criminelle. De plus, pour répondre à notre objectif de recherche, nous avons opté pour une théorie structurante du crime, approche qui n’avait jamais été utilisé auparavant dans les études sur la co-délinquance. Comme méthodologie, nous avons utilisé un échantillon composé de 9 103 participations criminelles, de 8 243 événements distincts et de 3 356 individus et plusieurs prédicteurs ont été analysés afin de déterminer lesquels expliquent le mieux la co-délinquance. L’âge, le genre, les antécédents criminels, l’urbanité et le type de crimes sont toutes des variables qui ont été considérées. L’urbanité représente une nouveauté dans ce type de recherche, puisque nous avons recensé que très peu d’études ayant abordées la question. Alors, que pour le type de crime, nous l’avons détaillé, comme aucune étude sur la co-délinquance ne l’a fait auparavant (23 catégories d’infractions). Ce détail nous permet donc de bien cibler l’impact de chaque délit sur le recours à la co-délinquance. Le résultat émergeant des analyses de régression logistique est que le recours à la co-délinquance s’explique principalement par le type de crime commis, certains actes criminels sont plus propices à la co-délinquance que d’autres. Nous constatons également que les autres variables analysées ont très peu ou pas d’impact sur le recours à la co-délinquance, que ce soit l’âge, le genre, les antécédents criminels ou même l’urbanité. / First studies related to co-offending are more than a century old. Since this subject has greatly evolved during this time, the approach and the methodology used have been developed to follow the subject’s progression. But it is only in recent years that co-offending is studied through police arrest data and it is this type of data that will be used to meet the main objective which aims to be to determine conditions explaining the use or not to co-delinquency for committing a criminal offense. In addition, to meet our research objective, we opted for structuring a theory of the crime, an approach that had never been used before in studies of co-offending. As a methodology, we used a sample of 9 103 criminal participations, 8 243 separate events and 3 356 individuals and several predictors were analyzed to determine which best explain the co-offending. Age, gender, criminal history, urbanity and type of crimes are all variables that were considered. Urbanity is a novelty in this research, since we identified very few studies have addressed the issue. For the type of crime, we have detailed this variable as no studies on co-offending have done previously (23 categories of offenses). This detail allows us to identify the impact of each offense on the use of co-offending. The results obtained from the logistic regression analyze show that the use of co-offending is mainly due to the crime’s type; some crimes are more propitious to co-offending than others. We also find that other variables analyzed (age, gender, criminal history and urbanity) have little or no impact on the use of co-offending.

Les premières études recensées ayant traité de la co-délinquance ont plus de cent ans. Comme il s’agit d’un sujet qui a de l’histoire, il y a eu une grande évolution dans la façon d’aborder la question et dans les méthodologies employées. Mais, ce n’est que depuis quelques années que la co-délinquance est étudiée par l’entremise de données d’arrestations policières et c’est ce type de données qui sera utilisé pour répondre à l’objectif principal, celui-ci étant la détermination des conditions expliquant le recours ou non à la co-délinquance pour commettre une infraction criminelle. De plus, pour répondre à notre objectif de recherche, nous avons opté pour une théorie structurante du crime, approche qui n’avait jamais été utilisé auparavant dans les études sur la co-délinquance. Comme méthodologie, nous avons utilisé un échantillon composé de 9 103 participations criminelles, de 8 243 événements distincts et de 3 356 individus et plusieurs prédicteurs ont été analysés afin de déterminer lesquels expliquent le mieux la co-délinquance. L’âge, le genre, les antécédents criminels, l’urbanité et le type de crimes sont toutes des variables qui ont été considérées. L’urbanité représente une nouveauté dans ce type de recherche, puisque nous avons recensé que très peu d’études ayant abordées la question. Alors, que pour le type de crime, nous l’avons détaillé, comme aucune étude sur la co-délinquance ne l’a fait auparavant (23 catégories d’infractions). Ce détail nous permet donc de bien cibler l’impact de chaque délit sur le recours à la co-délinquance. Le résultat émergeant des analyses de régression logistique est que le recours à la co-délinquance s’explique principalement par le type de crime commis, certains actes criminels sont plus propices à la co-délinquance que d’autres. Nous constatons également que les autres variables analysées ont très peu ou pas d’impact sur le recours à la co-délinquance, que ce soit l’âge, le genre, les antécédents criminels ou même l’urbanité. / First studies related to co-offending are more than a century old. Since this subject has greatly evolved during this time, the approach and the methodology used have been developed to follow the subject’s progression. But it is only in recent years that co-offending is studied through police arrest data and it is this type of data that will be used to meet the main objective which aims to be to determine conditions explaining the use or not to co-delinquency for committing a criminal offense. In addition, to meet our research objective, we opted for structuring a theory of the crime, an approach that had never been used before in studies of co-offending. As a methodology, we used a sample of 9 103 criminal participations, 8 243 separate events and 3 356 individuals and several predictors were analyzed to determine which best explain the co-offending. Age, gender, criminal history, urbanity and type of crimes are all variables that were considered. Urbanity is a novelty in this research, since we identified very few studies have addressed the issue. For the type of crime, we have detailed this variable as no studies on co-offending have done previously (23 categories of offenses). This detail allows us to identify the impact of each offense on the use of co-offending. The results obtained from the logistic regression analyze show that the use of co-offending is mainly due to the crime’s type; some crimes are more propitious to co-offending than others. We also find that other variables analyzed (age, gender, criminal history and urbanity) have little or no impact on the use of co-offending.

Sjukfrånvaron inom de svenska kommunala vård- och omsorgsorganisationerna ökar. Samtidigt har en organiserings- och styrningsförändring skett inom dessa organisationer de senaste decennierna i form av införandet av New Public Management (NPM) och dess reformer. Studien syftade till att genom en kvalitativ fallstudie få en ökad förståelse för hur psykosociala och organisatoriska faktorer tillsammans kunde ha inverkan på en kommunal vård- och omsorgsorganisations sjukfrånvaro för organisationens medarbetare inom kontaktyrken och dess chefer. Detta utifrån att identifiera vad organisationens sjukfrånvaro orsakades av samt för att föreslå åtgärder för att förebygga framtida sjukfrånvaro. För att uppfylla syftet och studiens frågeställningar genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt 19 intervjupersoner som representerade de arbetsgrupper med organisationens högsta och lägsta sjuktal under 2019 samt de chefsgrupper med organisationens högsta och lägsta sjuktal under 2019. Empirin analyserades utifrån den teoretiska referensramen. Denna innefattade tidigare forskning samt teorier gällande NPM, struktureringsteori, psykosociala sjukfrånvarofaktorer, organisatoriska sjukfrånvarofaktorer, psykosociala friskfaktorer, organisatoriska friskfaktorer samt organisationshälsa. Studiens resultat visade på tre framträdande psykosociala sjukfrånvarofaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer, fyra organisatoriska sjukfrånvarofaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer, fyra psykosociala friskfaktorer för medarbetare respektive chefer samt fyra organisatoriska friskfaktorer för medarbetare och fem organisatoriska friskfaktorer för chefer. Resultaten visade att de psykosociala och organisatoriska sjukfrånvaro- och friskfaktorerna påverkade varandra, att det fanns ett samband mellan chefers och medarbetares upplevda arbetsmiljö samt att sjukfrånvaron framförallt kunde härledas till strukturer medan frisknärvaron istället kunde härledas till individers handlingar. Tio åtgärder för att minska sjukfrånvaron inom kommunala vård- och omsorgsorganisationer presenterades utifrån studiens resultat och potentiell vidare forskning har föreslagits. / Sickness absence within the Swedish municipal healthcare organizations is increasing. At the same time, there has been a change in organization and governance within these organizations in recent decades in the form of the introduction of New Public Management (NPM) and its reforms. The study aimed to gain a better understanding of how psychosocial and organizational factors together could have an impact on a municipal healthcare organization's sickness absence, regarding employees in the human service profession and its managers, through a qualitative case study. This to identify what was causing the organization's sickness absence and on proposing measures to prevent future sickness absence. To fulfill the purpose and study questions, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 19 informants representing the working groups with the organization's highest and lowest sickness numbers in 2019 and the management groups with the highest and lowest sickness numbers in 2019. The empirical data was analyzed based on the theoretical frame of reference. This included previous research as well as theories of NPM, structuring theory, psychosocial sickness absence factors, organizational sickness absence factors, psychosocial health factors, organizational health factors and organizational health. The study's results showed three prominent psychosocial sickness absence factors for employees and managers, four organizational sickness absence factors for employees and managers, four psychosocial health factors for employees and managers, four organizational health factors for employees and five organizational health factors for managers. The results showed that the psychosocial and organizational sickness absence and health factors affected each other, that there was a connection between managers and employees perceived work environment and that the sickness absence could primarily be attributed to structures, while work attendance instead could be attributed to individuals' actions. Ten measures to reduce sickness absence within municipal healthcare organizations has been presented based on the results of the study, as well as suggestions for further research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio Barros.pdf: 1366975 bytes, checksum: 5533c88aac0fad49e4df9c1a94615179 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-09 / The purpose of this thesis is to encourage a reading of the Brazilian tax system from the Federal Constitution of 1988 and Brazil s condition as a true social and democratic legal state, the objectives and bases of which should have effects on all fiscal activity (in the broad sense), from the establishment and exercise of tax authority to the proper use of the funds collected. The methodological basis is Friedrich Müller s structuring theory of law, in which aspects of reality (the normative framework) are compositional factors of legal rules, together with the textual data or normative program. There must therefore be a dialogue between law and reality, breaking with the is and should be dichotomy that is typical of formalism. This thesis will systematically analyze the constitutional tax system (broadly speaking), in comparison with the other terms of the Brazilian Constitution, seeking to promote the conformation of legal tax rules to the condition of a social and democratic legal state and to the economic intervention of the Brazilian Constitution, electing the tax constitutional motive as the given that goes beyond the limiting concept of tax authority and takes in the purpose and cause of taxation, as a point of support for the exercise of the tax power. That position carries certain consequences with it, such as the (re)configuration of the constitutional suppositions for the institution of taxes, their adaptation to the constitutional finalities and social needs, the legal treatment to be given to the misuse of the product of taxation, the need for motivation and the importance of the effectiveness of the taxation rules, in accordance with the purposes stated in the Brazilian Constitution. This thesis will also propose a new classification of tax authority, focused on the specific purpose of each type of tax and on the constitutional motive for its institution/change, and that the paradigm of the optional exercise of tax authority be broken with and the requirement (mandatory) of taxes according to (a) the specific purpose of each type of tax, (b) its conformation with reality and (c) the proper use of the product of the collection for the constitutionally determine finalities / O objetivo da presente dissertação é promover uma leitura do sistema tributário nacional a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da condição da República Federativa do Brasil como um verdadeiro Estado Social e Democrático de Direito, cujos objetivos e fundamentos deverão irradiar efeitos sobre toda a atividade fiscal (lato sensu), desde a conformação e exercício das competências tributárias até o devido emprego dos recursos arrecadados. O pressuposto metodológico é a Teoria Estruturante do Direito de FRIEDRICH MÜLLER, em que aspectos da realidade (o âmbito da norma) são fatores de composição da norma jurídica, juntamente com os dados textuais ou programa da norma . Assim, deve haver um diálogo entre direito e realidade, rompendo-se com a dicotomia ser e dever ser típica do formalismo. O trabalho fará uma análise sistemática do sistema constitucional tributário (lato sensu) em cotejo com os demais enunciados da CF/88, buscando promover uma conformação das normas jurídicas tributárias à condição de Estado Social e Democrático de Direito e ao dirigismo constitucional da CF/88, elegendo o motivo constitucional tributário como dado que supera o conceito limitador de competência tributária e engloba a finalidade da tributação, como ponto de apoio para o exercício do poder tributário. Tal postura trará algumas conseqüências, como a (re)configuração dos pressupostos constitucionais para a instituição de tributos, sua adequação às finalidades constitucionais e necessidades sociais, o tratamento jurídico a ser atribuído ao desvio do produto da arrecadação, a necessidade de motivação e a importância da efetividade das normas tributárias, de acordo com as finalidades consignadas na Carta. O trabalho ainda proporá uma nova classificação das competências tributárias, focada na finalidade específica de cada espécie tributária e no motivo constitucional para a sua instituição/alteração, o rompimento com o paradigma da facultatividade do exercício da competência tributária e na exigência (obrigatória) de tributos de acordo com (a) a finalidade específica de cada espécie tributária, (b) sua conformação com a realidade e (c) o devido emprego do produto da arrecadação com as finalidades constitucionalmente determinadas