Background Major road traffic crashes (RTCs) can have a significant impact on the survivors, their family, and their friends, as well as on emergency personnel, volunteers, and others involved. However, survivors’ perspectives are rare or missing in research on major RTCs in Sweden. A comprehensive understanding of the survivors and their experiences is also lacking. By studying what it is like to survive a major RTC, the care and support provided to survivors can be adapted and improved. The overall aim is to broaden the understanding of the short- and long-term consequences and experiences of surviving a major bus crash. Methods The contexts are two bus crashes that occurred in Sweden, in February 2007 and December 2014. In total, the participants are 110 out of the 112 survivors, and the data is collected through telephone interviews, official reports, and medical records at one month, three months, and five years after the crashes. Analysis methods include qualitative content analysis, descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and mixed methods research analysis. Results One month after the crash, most of the survivors were experiencing minor or major physical and/or psychological stress in their everyday lives (Study I). Four main findings were identified regarding their experiences of immediate care (Study II): prehospital discomfort, lack of compassionate care, dissatisfaction with crisis support, and satisfactory initial care and support. The importance of compassion and being close to others was also highlighted. Five years after the bus crash in Rasbo (Study III), survivors were still struggling with physical injuries and mental problems. Other long-term consequences were a lasting sense of connectedness among fellow passengers, a gratitude for life, as well as feelings of distress in traffic, especially in regard to buses. The main findings from study IV indicated that injury severity did not seem to affect mental health, and that social aspects were important to the recovery process. There was an interconnection among survivors in which they seemed to be linked to each other’s recovery. Conclusion A strong need for short- and long-term social and psychological support in terms of compassion and community is evident in all the studies. The survivors ought to be acknowledged as capable and having the resources to contribute to their own and their fellow survivors’ recovery and health. There is a need for greater understanding of how different the survivors are, with each one of them having various physical, psychological, social, and existential needs. / Bakgrund Stora trafikskadehändelser kan ha en betydande inverkan på de överlevande och deras närståendes liv, likaså på sjukvårdspersonal, vittnen, och andra som är involverade. Trots detta så är de överlevandes perspektiv sällsynta eller saknas i forskning om stora trafikskadehändelser i Sverige. Det saknas även en helhetsförståelse av överlevande och deras erfarenheter. Genom att studera hur det är att överleva en busskrasch kan omhändertagande och stöd anpassas och förbättras. Det övergripande syftet är att öka förståelsen av kort- och långsiktiga konsekvenser och erfarenheter av att överleva en stor busskrasch. Metod Kontexten är två busskrascher som inträffade i februari 2007 och december 2014 i Sverige. Antal deltagare är 110 av 112 överlevande och data samlades in en månad, tre månader och fem år efter krascherna, via telefonintervjuer, officiella rapporter och medicinska journaler. Analysmetoder inkluderar kvalitativ innehållsanalys, deskriptiv statistik, tematisk analys och mixad metod. Resultat En månad efter kraschen upplevde överlevande fysiskt obehag och/eller psykisk stress i varierande grad i sin vardag (Studie I). Gällande upplevelser av det initiala omhändertagandet (Studie II) identifierades fyra huvudresultat; obehag på skadeplats, brister i omhändertagande och bemötande, missnöje med krisstöd, och tillfredsställande initialt omhändertagande och stöd. Betydelsen av empati och medkänsla från personal och frivilliga samt samhörighet med medpassagerare lyftes fram av de överlevande. Fem år efter busskraschen i Rasbo (Studie III) fanns det överlevande som fortfarande kämpade med fysiska skador och psykiska problem. Andra tydliga långsiktiga konsekvenser var en bestående gemenskap mellan medpassagerare, en tacksamhet över livet, samt oro och rädsla i trafiken, speciellt vid bussåkande. Uppföljningen efter busskraschen i Tranemo (Studie IV) indikerade att sociala aspekter var betydelsefulla för återhämtningsprocessen hos överlevande och att skadornas svårighetsgrad inte var betydande för det psykiska välbefinnandet. En stark samhörighet upplevdes bland de närstående som reste tillsammans och de verkade följa varandras återhämtning. Slutsatser Ett starkt behov av kort- och långsiktigt socialt och psykologiskt stöd i form av gemenskap och empati är tydligt i samtliga studier. De överlevande bör uppmärksammas som aktörer med kapacitet och resurser till att bidra till sin egen och medpassagerares återhämtning och hälsa. Det behövs en ökad förståelse för hur olika de överlevande är, med varierande fysiska, psykologiska, sociala, och existentiella behov.

Avec l'amélioration de la prise en charge du cancer colorectal (CCR), on constate une augmentation croissante du nombre de personnes en longue rémission de ce cancer. Cependant, le CCR et ses traitements peuvent avoir des répercussions physiques et psychologiques à long terme. L'objectif était d'évaluer la QdV et la réinsertion de patients en longue rémission d'un CCR, 5, 10 et 15 ans après le diagnostic, comparées à des témoins de population générale. Etude constituée de cas de CCR tirés au sort à partir des 3 registres des tumeurs et de témoins tirés au sort à partir des listes électorales. Les participants ont complété 5 auto-questionnaires : le SF-36 et le QLQC30, le MFI-20 et le STAI, et un questionnaire de conditions de vie. Au total, 542 cas de CCR et 1181 témoins ont été inclus. Globalement, la QdV des patients était comparable à celle des témoins 15 ans après le diagnostic. Les patients atteints du cancer du rectum ont été plus affectés physiquement et ont ressenti davantage de fatigue. Quant à la réinsertion, les patients ont reporté des changements positifs tels que l'an1élioration de leur relation conjugale. Cependant les patients ont noté plus de difficultés lors de démarches de souscription à un prêt. En terme de QdV, cette étude a démontré qu'elle était globalement satisfaisante chez les patients en longue rémission de leur CCR. Ils ont reporté dans leur vie sociale et familiale plus de changements positifs que les témoins, signe d'une adaptation à la maladie. Mais il persiste encore des difficultés d'ordre professionnel et financier. Il parait nécessaire de maintenir la prise en charge médico-psycho-sociale des personnes en longue rémission d'un CCR / Given enhancing managing of colorectal cancer (CRC), we note an increasing number of long term cancer survivors. However, CRC and its treatment can cause long term physical and psychological effects. The goal was to evaluate quality of life and reintegration in long term CRC survivors, 5, 10, and 15 years after diagnostic, in comparison with population controls. Study consisted of CRC cases, randomly selected from files of three cancer registries and controls randomly selected from electoral rolls. Participants completed five self-administrated questionnaires: SF-36 and QLQC30, MFI-20 and ST Al, and a life conditions questionnaire. Five hundred forty two CRC cases and l, 181 controls were included. Globally, survivors QOL was comparable with that of controls, 15 years after diagnosis. Rectal cancer survivors were more affected in physical field and perceived more fatigue. In reintegration analyses, cancer survivors reported more positive changes than controls, as strengthening in marital relationships. However, survivors met more difficulties in loan and insurance requests. In term of QOL, this study demonstrated it was globally satisfactory in long term CRC survivors. In term of reintegration they reported positive changes and less negative changes in social and marital life, sign of an adaptation to cancer. However, they still met difficulties in professional and financial position. lt seems to be necessary to strength medical and psychosocial follow-up of CRC survivors.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis is about HELLP Syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count in pregnancy): a devastating maternal hypertensive complication that results in multi-system changes that can rapidly deteriorate into organ failure and death. Despite rapid advancesin medical technology and medical science this disease continues to take the lives of women and their infants. The only effective intervention for this disorder is immediate termination irrespective of the gestational stage of the pregnancy. The primary objective of this thesis was to explore the subjective experiences and meaningmaking processes of women in and through their high-risk pregnancies. This objective crystallised into the following aims: to facilitate and listen to the voices of women who were HELLP Syndrome survivors; to explore the reported bodily, psychological and emotional experiences of HELLP Syndrome survivors; to understand the role medical intervention and biomedical discourses play in these women’s experiences and finally to explore the subjective experiences of HELLP Syndrome in the context of traditionallyheld notions of motherhood. The study was couched in a feminist poststructuralist epistemology. A material-discursive framework which comprised phenomenological and poststructuralist theorising was usedin an attempt to understand both the lived experiences as well as the discursively constructed nature of those subjective experiences. Thus the analysis encompassed both a broadly phenomenological framework to understand the lived experiences of HELLP Syndrome, and a discourse analysis to explore the meaning-making processes of participants in relation to larger social discourses, in particular the dominant biomedical and motherhood discourses. A qualitative approach using in depth semi-structured interviews was utilisedto gather data. Eleven participants from very diverse backgrounds consented to be part of thisstudy. The findings of the study highlighted the immense trauma, difficulties and challenges participants faced in these high-risk situations. What was evident from the analysis was that their experiences were so diverse and werecompletely shaped by the severity of the disorder and the gestational stage of the pregnancy. Some women ended up in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) and had near-death experiences, some had very premature babies, while some of the participants lost their babies during the process. With regards to the emotional, psychological and corporeal aspects of the disorder,participants described their situations as a disaster, painful and difficult. Due to the rapid deterioration of symptoms, they described the tempo of these events as a whirlwind in which they felt they had no control. Emotions ranged from shock, total disbelief and surprise to anger, helplessness and powerlessness. Lacking knowledge and access to appropriate information further compounded the situation for participants. Theparticipants who had premature babies found the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit experience (NICU) extremely challenging and stressful. A discourse analysis revealed that women’s talk was shaped by the disciplinary frameworks oftechnocratic medicine and patriarchal notions of gender. Participants’ discourses about their encounters inthe medical context werelocated in, and shaped by, the structure of health care in our country. In this regard binaries (like private versus public health care, women versus men and nurses versus doctors) were evident. Furthermore their hospital stay reflected their experiences in the Intensive Care (ICU) and the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) both of which are highly technologically orientated and managed. Biomedical discourses that filtered through the participants’ talk were: medicine as indisputable truth;mechanistic model of the body as machine; medical doctors as gods and the foetus as ‘super subject’. Discourses of risk were inevitably taken up as participants tried to make sense of both their current pregnancies and the potential ones to follow. The passage into motherhood for these participants was dependent on whether they had live babies or not. For those who had live babies it was a difficult time as they had to contend with their own recovery as well as the prematurity of their infants. The NICU experience was described as tiring, trying and cumbersome. For mothers who lost their babies it was a time of profound sadness and loss coupled to the notion that motherhood itself was lost. This loss of their children symbolised broken dreams, severed connections and a powerful taboo. In addition, discourses in which motherhood was naturalised and normalised saturated their talk and framed their experience in a narrative of deficit and failure. The ideologies of mother blame and the ‘all responsible’ mother were pervasive in their discussions. In conclusion, this high-risk situation represented a time of tremendous uncertainty and unpredictability for all participants and was powerfully shaped by dominant discourses about motherhood and the biomedical discursive and institutional framework in which participants were subjugated. The study thus highlights how the HELLP syndrome experience illuminates the erasure of women’s subjectivities while the foetus/infants’ life takes precedence. This has significant implications for scholarship in general and feminist scholarship in particular and highlights the need for this type of engagement in an area that has remained on the periphery of feminist research. / South Africa

Breast cancer in women of productive age is a huge problem of the current population. Approximately 52% of women, which were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013, were aged 20-64. The aim of this thesis is to discover the influence of surgical solution of breast cancer on women return to their original profession. There were 68 suitable participants, who received surgical treatment, were aged 20-64, with finished treatment and who went back to their original employment. The results show that amongst manually working women, 60,9% return to their original employment, in administrative 78% return, which, in acceptance region of 0,05 (p = 0,142), is not a statisticaly significant difference. Furthermore, it was not found that age and lenght of treatment are connected (p=0,040). It appears that the time it takes to return to employment is significantly connected to the type of operation (acceptance region 0,05, p=0,046). This research shows how important it is for women after breast cancer treatment to receive timely rehabilitational intervention and to return to employment and how this affects their quality of life. Key words: Breast cancer, occupational therapy, return to work, cancer survivors, quality of life, quantitative research

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-26T14:19:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 camilasoareslimacorrea.pdf: 2489508 bytes, checksum: e12b749f06936dc865a6f6dea87eb4cf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-27T11:03:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 camilasoareslimacorrea.pdf: 2489508 bytes, checksum: e12b749f06936dc865a6f6dea87eb4cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T11:03:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camilasoareslimacorrea.pdf: 2489508 bytes, checksum: e12b749f06936dc865a6f6dea87eb4cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A alta curabilidade do câncer do colo do útero (CCU), quando detectado precocemente associada aos recentes avanços científicos na terapêutica da doença têm contribuído para uma maior sobrevida das pacientes. Porém, seu tratamento pode levar a efeitos adversos tardios importantes, como disfunções sexuais, que comprometem de forma significativa a qualidade de vida (QV). Desta forma, torna-se essencial investigar a QV e a função sexual de sobreviventes ao CCU, visando verificar, de forma holística, as reais necessidades dessas pacientes e guiar as ações de equipes inter e multidisciplinares. E, com isso, oferecer um cuidado adequado, humanizado e que atenda a todas essas necessidades, pois não basta aumentar a sobrevida, é necessário ter qualidade nesta sobrevivência. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi avaliar a QV e a função sexual de mulheres submetidas ao tratamento para o CCU e comparar com um grupo controle de mulheres sem história de câncer. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico observacional, analítico, do tipo caso-controle com amostra total de 74 mulheres divididas em grupo câncer - GCa (mulheres submetidas a tratamento para o CCU há, pelo menos três meses - n=37) e grupo controle de base populacional - GCo (mulheres sem história de câncer - n=37). Foram aplicados três questionários: um de caracterização geral da amostra; um questionário de avaliação da qualidade de vida, desenvolvido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-bref); e um instrumento de avaliação da função sexual (Índice de Função Sexual Feminina – FSFI). O grupo controle apresentou maior frequência de mulheres vivendo com companheiro (GCo=73%; GCa=51,4%; p=0,05) e de mulheres que consideravam o relacionamento com este como bom ou muito bom (GCo=93,1%; GCa=63,2%; p=0,02). As seguintes variáveis, que no GCa poderiam estar associadas a efeitos adversos do tratamento, foram diferentes entre os grupos (p ˂ 0,05), sendo mais frequentes no GCa: menopausa (GCo=59,5%; GCa=100%; p˂0,01); sangramento durante ou após a relação sexual (GCo=0; GCa=36,8%; p˂0,01); aumento da frequência (GCo=0; GCa=37,8%; p˂0,01), urgência (GCo=16,2%; GCa=37,8%; p=0,03), incontinência (GCo=10,8%; GCa=35,1%; p=0,02) e retenção urinárias (GCo=2,7%; GCa=21,6%; p=0,02); diarréia (GCo=0; GCa=43,2%; p˂0,01), urgência (GCo=0; GCa=37,8%; p˂0,01) e incontinência fecais (GCo=0; GCa=21,6%; p˂0,01); dor (GCo=0; GCa=21,6%; p˂0,01) e muco anais (GCo=0; GCa=18,9%; p=0,01); enterorragia (GCo=0; GCa=24,3%; p˂0,01) e linfedema em membros inferiores (GCo=0; GCa=35,1%; p˂0,01). Além disto, o grupo câncer apresentou piores resultados quanto a variáveis relacionadas à função sexual: 64,9% relataram vagina estreita ou curta demais; a maioria não era sexualmente ativa (59,5%) e, das mulheres que tinham relação sexual, 80% apresentavam disfunção. Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos nos domínios “Físico” e “Relações Sociais” do WHOQOL-bref, sendo que a média destes domínios foi superior no grupo controle. As médias do grupo câncer foram estatisticamente inferiores às do grupo controle em todos os domínios do FSFI e também no escore total do instrumento. Diante dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que há impacto negativo do tratamento para o CCU na QV e função sexual das sobreviventes. A partir disto, pode-se contribuir para dar maior visibilidade a estes aspectos na prática clínica, buscando guiar as intervenções de forma a atender todas as necessidades destas pacientes, contribuindo para uma melhor qualidade de vida na sobrevivência. / The high curability of cervical cancer (CC), when detected early, coupled with the latest scientific advances in the treatment of disease, has contributed to increased survival of patients. However, its treatment can lead to significant late adverse effects such as sexual dysfunctions that compromise significantly the quality of life (QoL). Thus, it becomes essential to investigate the QoL and sexual function of survivors at the CC in order to verify, holistically, the real needs of these patients and guide the actions of inter and multidisciplinary teams. And with that, provide a convenient and humanizing care that meets all these requirements, it is not enough to increase survival, it is necessary to have this quality survival. Within this context, the main objective of this research was to assess quality of life and sexual function in women submitted to treatment for cervical cancer, and compare with a control group of women without a history of cancer. It is, analytical, observational, epidemiological study of case-control sample with a total of 74 women divided into cancer group - CaG (women submitted to treatment for cancer of the cervix for at least three months - n = 37) and population-based control group - CoG (women without a history of cancer - n = 37). Three questionnaires were applied: a general characterization of the sample, a survey for evaluating the quality of life, developed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF), and an instrument for assessment of sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index - FSFI). The control group had a higher frequency of women living with a partner (CoG = 73%; CaG = 51.4%, p = 0.05) and women who considered the relationship even as good or very good (CoG = 93 1%; CaG = 63.2%, p = 0.02). The following variables related to potential adverse effects of treatment were more frequent in the cancer group: menopause (CoG = 59.5%; CaG = 100%, p ˂ 0.01), bleeding during or after intercourse (CoG = 0; CaG = 36.8%, p ˂ 0.01) increase in the frequency (CoG = 0; CaG = 37.8%, p ˂ 0.01), urgency (CoG = 16.2%; CaG = 37.8 %, p = 0.03), incontinence (CoG = 10.8%; CaG = 35.1%, p = 0.02) and urinary retention (CoG = 2.7%; CaG = 21.6%, p = 0.02), diarrhea (CoG = 0; CaG = 43.2%, p ˂ 0.01), urgency (CoG = 0; CaG = 37.8%, p ˂ 0.01) and fecal incontinence (CoG = 0; CaG = 21.6%, p ˂ 0.01), pain (CoG = 0; CaG = 21.6%, p ˂ 0.01) and anal mucus (CoG = 0; CaG = 18.9% p = 0.01), rectal bleeding (CoG = 0; CaG = 24.3%, p ˂ 0.01) and lower limb lymphedema (CoG = 0; CaG = 35.1%, p ˂ 0.01). Moreover, the cancer group had worse results as related to sexual function variables: 64.9% reported narrow or too short vagina most were not sexually active (59.5%) and women who had sexual intercourse, 80 % dysfunctional. Statistically significant difference between groups in the fields "Physical" and "Social Relations" WHOQOL-BREF was found, while the average of these areas was higher in the control group. The averages of cancer group were statistically lower than the control group in all domains of FSFI, and total score of the instrument. Considering the results, it is concluded that there is negative impact of treatment for CC in QoL and sexual function of survivors. From this, one can contribute to giving greater visibility to these issues in clinical practice, seeking to guide interventions in order to attend all the needs of these patients, contributing to a better quality of life in survivors.

Torture survivors find difficulty navigating through an unfamiliar healthcare and social service system. Many survivors who already face Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression also endure a secondary threat which leads to re-traumatization through the struggles of acculturation. The aim of this study is to determine: 1. Identify differences and assumptions between service providers’ and clients’ definitions of self-sufficiency; 2. Examine prominent barriers to self-sufficiency that survivors encounter; 3. Pinpoint the survival strategies that survivors use in order to cope with life in DFW; 4. Determine what resources CST staff, area service providers, and survivors feel need to be improved for CST and the DFW metroplex.

L’expérience d’un cancer à l’enfance peut entraîner différents impacts physiques, neurologiques et émotionnels, autant à court terme qu’à long terme. Les survivants d’une leucémie lymphoblastique aigüe (LLA) sont une population vulnérable à la détresse émotionnelle, qui peut perdurer et même s’aggraver avec le temps. Malheureusement, les outils de repérage de la détresse émotionnelle utilisés en clinique, tel que le Thermomètre de Détresse (TD), génèrent un niveau élevé d’erreurs. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la détresse émotionnelle des survivants d’une LLA pédiatrique, en étudiant la caractérisation et la détection de cette détresse, ainsi que les facteurs explicatifs de cette détresse. La présente thèse est composée de quatre articles. Le premier article a pour objectif de caractériser un niveau de détresse émotionnelle élevé, mesuré par le Thermomètre de Détresse (TD), au sein de 202 survivants de LLA pédiatrique. Les résultats montrent qu’une cotation élevée au TD est associée à l’affectivité négative chez les enfants et les adultes, et à l’anxiété chez les adultes. Également, un niveau de détresse faible est associé à l’affectivité positive chez les adultes. Après avoir davantage défini les particularités de la détresse émotionnelle des survivants de LLA pédiatrique, nous souhaitions étudier le repérage de cette détresse. Le second article a comme objectif d’identifier une stratégie de repérage de la détresse émotionnelle en deux étapes, en utilisant le TD comme première étape et une question sur les émotions (peur, tristesse, inquiétude, colère, fatigue) comme deuxième étape. L’étude a été effectuée auprès de 255 survivants de LLA pédiatrique. Cette étude montre qu’une stratégie en deux étapes (TD combiné à la question sur la tristesse ou à celle sur l’inquiétude) repère plus efficacement les survivants ne rapportant pas de détresse ainsi que les survivants rapportant une détresse élevée, comparativement à l’utilisation du TD seul au seuil 4, pour le repérage de la détresse anxio-dépressive (dépression et/ou anxiété). Après avoir répondu à l’objectif de détection de la détresse, nous souhaitions étudier les facteurs explicatifs d’une détresse élevée. En nous basant sur les appuis de la littérature, nous souhaitions étudier particulièrement l’association entre les traitements de corticostéroïdes et la détresse émotionnelle. Le troisième article est une revue de littérature qui vise à synthétiser les résultats sur l’association entre la présence d’une détresse émotionnelle élevée rapportée par les patients ou les survivants de LLA pédiatrique, et la dose cumulative de corticostéroïdes reçue durant les traitements. Les résultats de cette étude ne permettent pas d’identifier une association significative entre les différentes dimensions de la détresse émotionnelle (émotions, comportements, neurocognitions, fatigue/sommeil) et la dose cumulative de corticostéroïdes reçue durant les traitements. Toutefois, cette revue de littérature a permis d’identifier des recommandations pour améliorer l’information divulguée dans les études, afin de faciliter la synthèse des résultats de la littérature. Finalement, afin d’étudier de manière empirique les différents facteurs reliés aux traitements de radiothérapie, de chimiothérapie et de corticothérapie, associés à la détresse émotionnelle, nous avons effectué la quatrième étude. Le quatrième article est une étude empirique sur les facteurs explicatifs de la détresse émotionnelle de 212 survivants d’une LLA pédiatrique. Les résultats de cette étude montrent qu’il n’y a pas d’association entre les variables reliées aux traitements de radiothérapie, de chimiothérapie et de corticothérapie, et la détresse anxio-dépressive. La présente thèse a permis d’apporter un éclairage sur la caractérisation et la détection de la détresse émotionnelle des survivants d’une LLA pédiatrique. Les résultats prometteurs de l’efficacité d’une stratégie de repérage de la détresse en deux étapes génèrent des implications cliniques importantes et novatrices pour les cliniques de cancérologie. Des recherches ultérieures sur l’amélioration du repérage de la détresse, ainsi que sur l’identification des facteurs explicatifs de cette détresse, autant chez les patients que chez les survivants des différents types de cancers pédiatriques, sont nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre, prévenir et traiter cette détresse émotionnelle élevée, rapportée par le groupe de survivants les plus vulnérables. / Pediatric cancer is associated with different physical, neurological, and emotional short- and long-term adverse effects. Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are vulnerable to emotional distress, which could persist or increase over time. Unfortunately, the existing routine screening tools of emotional distress, such as the Distress Thermometer (DT) generate high rates of errors. The aim of this thesis is to study emotional distress among childhood ALL survivors. We studied the description and the screening of emotional distress, and the identification of predictive factors of distress. This thesis is composed of four articles. The objective of the first article is to describe the characteristics of a high level of emotional distress measured by the DT, among 202 childhood ALL survivors. The results suggest that a high level of distress on the DT is associated with negative affectivity among children and adults, and with anxiety among adults. Also, a low level of distress is associated with positive affectivity among adults. After defining emotional distress’s characteristics among pediatric ALL survivors, we wanted to study emotional distress’ screening. The objective of the second article is to study the efficacy of a two-step strategy, combining the DT at step one, and one question on emotions (fear, sadness, concerns, anger, fatigue) at step two. The study is conducted among 255 childhood ALL survivors. The results show that a two-step strategy (DT combined with emotional question of sadness or concerns) is more effective than the DT used alone at the cut point 4, to screen mixed anxious-depressive distress (depression and/or anxiety). After responding to the objective of distress’ screening, we wanted to study the predictive factors associated to emotional distress. Based on the literature support, we desired to study the association between corticosteroids ALL treatments and emotional distress. The third article is a literature review. The aim of this review is to synthesize the literature results on the association between presence of elevated emotional distress among childhood ALL patients and survivors, and the cumulative doses of corticosteroids received during ALL treatments. The results do not suggest association between cumulative doses of corticosteroids and any domains of emotional distress (emotions, behaviours, neurocognitions, and fatigue/sleep). However, this review has allowed us to identify recommendations for future studies, to improve the synthesis of research results. Finally, we wanted to empirically study the different treatment related factors (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, corticotherapy) associated to emotional distress. The fourth study is an empirical study on predictive factors of emotional distress among 212 childhood ALL survivors. The results show that there is no association between treatment related variables (radiotherapy, chemotherapy and corticotherapy) and mixed anxious-depressive distress. This thesis has allowed to different contributions on the characterization and the screening of emotional distress among childhood ALL survivors. The results are promising. The efficacy of the screening two-step strategy for emotional distress. These results have significant and innovative clinical implications. Future researches are needed to improve the screening of emotional distress and the identification of predictive factors, both in patients and survivors of the different childhood cancer types. More experimental researches are needed to understand high level of emotional distress among patients and survivors of childhood cancer, and to prevent and treat this distress.

Abstract
 An archive of applica/ons for cer/ficates under 255/1946, where are since 1946 un/l now almost 150,000 applica/ons, includs requests from survivors from Jewish and Roma families or their descendants. The aim of the work is to observe several levels reflec/ng comensa/on of survivors, difficult accep/on, respec/vely ignorance of the process of the Roma Holocaust in the Protectorate and, at the same /me, the gradual shaping of awareness of it as a part of the post-war rela/onship of the non-Roma and Roma of Czechoslovak society to this war genocide.The key to the selec/on of applica/ons by Roma applicants for in-depth analysis and linking with other sources rela/ng to their pre-war, war and post-war life is the list of prisoners of the so-called Gypsy Camp at Lety u Písku by C/bor Nečas Key words: Holocaust of the Roma, the so-called Gypsy camp in Lety u Písku, survivors, compensa/on

Introduktion Det finns en kunskapslucka kring kvinnors upplevelser av sin sexualitet efter bekräftad bröstcancerdiagnos. Sexuell hälsa är ett relevant ämne för arbetsterapeuter som kräver vidare forskning för att kunna erbjuda dessa kvinnor individanpassat stöd inom ramarna för sexuell hälsa och arbetsterapi. Syftet med studien var att identifiera kvinnors upplevelser kring sin sexualitet efter bekräftad bröstcancerdiagnos. Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjufrågor. Informanterna rekryterades genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. Tio kvinnor med bekräftad bröstcancer intervjuades, materialet analyserades enligt en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Innehållsanalysen resulterade i fyra teman; Sexualiteten påverkas av en förändrad kropp och självbild, Ingen vill ta ansvar för sexualiteten, Sexualiteten bortprioriterades när cancern kastade omkull livet och Det finns ett behov av att prata om sexualitet. Slutsatsen av studien är att kvinnorna inte tänkte på sin sexualitet direkt efter bröstcancerbeskedet utan först när behandlingarna påbörjats. Kvinnorna upplevde att vården brast i frågor kring sexualitet och återgång till betydelsefulla aktiviteter. / Introduction There is a knowledge gap around women’s experiences of their sexuality after a confirmed breast cancer diagnosis. Sexual health is a relevant topic for occupational therapists that requires further research to offer these women individualized support within the frames of sexual health and occupational therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify women’s experiences about their sexuality after a confirmed breast cancer diagnosis. The chosen method was a qualitative interview study with semi-structured interview questions. The informants were recruited through a convenience sampling. Ten women with confirmed breast cancer were interviewed, the data were analyzed according to a qualitative content analysis. Results The content analysis resulted in four themes; The sexuality is affected by a changed body and body image, No one wants to take responsibility for sexuality, Sexuality was de-prioritized when cancer overthrew life and There is a need to talk about sexuality. The conclusion of the study is that women did not think of their sexuality when receiving a breast cancer diagnosis. However, they did think about it when starting the breast cancer treatments. The women experienced deficiencies in healthcare related to sexuality and return to meaningful occupations.

The master's thesis called The Care of the Holocaust Survivors and its Specifics is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is based on a premise that the specifics of the Holocaust survivors' care have three resources: the Holocaust trauma, the age of the elderly survivors, and Judaism. This part of the thesis discusses the Holocaust aspects and its impacts on the psyche of the survived victims, especially focusing on post-traumatic stress disorder as well as the consequences for the next generation, the children of survived Jews. Moreover, the following issues are examined: Judaism and the community life, the system of the special care of those survived, with regard to social and psychological services. The next chapter concentrates on the specification of this care differences and also of the elderly needs. The second, practical part of the thesis is based on the qualitative research conducted by the method of interviews with experts working with the target group of the survivors. The half- structured interviews imply that the survivors form a group of clients whose needs are partly different from the common elderly population and for whom the care reacting to their needs is preferable by most experts. However, it is impossible to generalise; each elderly who has not...