Este trabalho se constitui em uma investigação sobre a presença da suspeita na fotografia contemporânea como estratégia de enfrentamento dos conceitos estabelecidos sobre o meio no período moderno e de criação de novas possibilidades de linguagem. Com a análise de obras de artistas brasileiros que se utilizam da fotografia, pretende-se evidenciar como o instante de captura da imagem deixa de ser o elemento central da expressividade. Através da manipulação, nos momentos anteriores e posteriores ao ato fotográfico, os artistas incluídos nesta pesquisa exploram as ambigüidades da imagem e questionam suas dimensões como objeto de práticas sociais e como mediação da cultura. A idéia da suspeita em relação à fotografia é abordada tanto como motivação das práticas artísticas quanto como meio de utilização da imagem como dispositivo de interlocução do artista com o público, que é convidado a decifrar a obra nas múltiplas possibilidades de sentido que se criam entre as etapas de sua construção. / This work constitutes an investigation about the presence of suspicion in the contemporary photography as a strategy to challenge the established concepts about this media in the modern age, and to allow the creation of a new language. By analyzing Brazilian artists that make use of photography, the author intends to make evident how the instant the image is captured is no longer the central element of expression. Through the manipulation of the image in the moments preceding and following the photographic instant, the artists included in this study explore the ambiguities of the image end question its dimensions as an object of social practices and as a mediator for culture. The idea of suspicion, as it relates to photography, is approached as a motivating factor in the artistic practice as well as a means of using the image as a device to promote the dialogue between the artist and the public, who is invited to decipher the work in its multiple possibilities of meaning created during its developmental phases.

Este trabalho se constitui em uma investigação sobre a presença da suspeita na fotografia contemporânea como estratégia de enfrentamento dos conceitos estabelecidos sobre o meio no período moderno e de criação de novas possibilidades de linguagem. Com a análise de obras de artistas brasileiros que se utilizam da fotografia, pretende-se evidenciar como o instante de captura da imagem deixa de ser o elemento central da expressividade. Através da manipulação, nos momentos anteriores e posteriores ao ato fotográfico, os artistas incluídos nesta pesquisa exploram as ambigüidades da imagem e questionam suas dimensões como objeto de práticas sociais e como mediação da cultura. A idéia da suspeita em relação à fotografia é abordada tanto como motivação das práticas artísticas quanto como meio de utilização da imagem como dispositivo de interlocução do artista com o público, que é convidado a decifrar a obra nas múltiplas possibilidades de sentido que se criam entre as etapas de sua construção. / This work constitutes an investigation about the presence of suspicion in the contemporary photography as a strategy to challenge the established concepts about this media in the modern age, and to allow the creation of a new language. By analyzing Brazilian artists that make use of photography, the author intends to make evident how the instant the image is captured is no longer the central element of expression. Through the manipulation of the image in the moments preceding and following the photographic instant, the artists included in this study explore the ambiguities of the image end question its dimensions as an object of social practices and as a mediator for culture. The idea of suspicion, as it relates to photography, is approached as a motivating factor in the artistic practice as well as a means of using the image as a device to promote the dialogue between the artist and the public, who is invited to decipher the work in its multiple possibilities of meaning created during its developmental phases.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka männens upplevelse av att arbeta på en kvinnodominerad arbetsplats. Empiriinsamlingen har skett utifrån sex enskilda intervjuer med män som arbetar på förskola. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna har varit sociala genusmönster, könsprocesser i organisationer och minoriteter i organisationer, vilka har använts för att analysera det insamlade materialet. Materialet visade att de flesta av intervjupersonerna tyckte att kön har betydelse i förskolan, bland annat för att det inte förväntas att män ska arbeta i förskola. Intervjupersonerna upplevde de tre tendenser som kännetecknar minoriteter på arbetsplatser, synlighet, kontrast och assimilering. Männen upplever stereotypiska föreställningar om män i förskolan av de kvinnliga förskolpedagogerna, bland annat att de blir tilldelade specifika arbetsuppgifter och stereotypiska könsroller, som upprätthåller sociala genusmönster. Materialet visade även hur männen konstant tänker på hur de agerar med barnen i förskolan för att inte riskera att bli misstänkliggjord för sexuella övergrepp mot barn. Resultatet analyserades utifrån två huvudteman, genusmönster och konsekvenser samt erfarenheter av att vara i minoritet, som redogör männens upplevelse av att arbeta som minoritet på en kvinnodominerad arbetsplats. För vidare forskning hade det varit intresserat att gå ännu djupare i minoritetsproblematiken på både kvinno- och mansdominerade arbetsplatser. / The aim of the study was to investigate men's experience of working in a women-dominated workplace. The collection of data has been based on six individual interviews with men who work in preschool. The theoretical starting points have been social gender patterns, gender processes in organizations and minorities in organizations, which have been used to analyze the material from the interviews. The material showed that most of the interviewees thought that gender is important in preschool, partly because men are not expected to work in preschool. The interviewees experienced the three tendencies that characterize minorities in the workplace: visibility, contrast and assimilation. The men experience stereotypical conceptions about men in preschool by the female preschool educators, among other things that they are assigned specific tasks and stereotypical gender roles, which maintain social gender patterns. The material also showed how the men constantly think about how they interact with the children in the preschool so as not to risk being suspected of sexual assault against children. The result was analyzed based on two main themes, gender patterns and consequences and experiences of being a minority, that describe the men's experience of working as a minority in a women-dominated workplace. For further research, it would have been interesting to go even deeper into the minority problem in both women and male-dominated workplaces.

One in four women experience sexual assault during college. With rates of sexual assault on college campuses continuing to increase, the need for advanced analysis utilizing contemporary variables is justified. The purpose of this quantitative study was to compare two groups of female college-attending students. One group was certain and the other suspected that they were sexually assaulted while incapacitated (independent variables). Dependent variables compared between groups were offender type (interest on offenders with fraternal affiliations), law enforcement reporting decisions, and barriers to reporting sexual assault. Four research questions measured whether there was a statistically significant difference amongst the dependent variables when compared to the independent variables. The theoretical foundation for this study was empowerment theory. A comparative research design was used to examine archival data from the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. Logistic regression and chi-square analysis showed mostly significant results: fraternal membership, reporting to law enforcement, and barriers to reporting to law enforcement were statistically significant. In addition, ad hoc tests were significant, indicating that being on a date with the offender, university disciplinary action taken, and whether the offender was arrested were all statistically significant variables. Social change is achievable at two levels, organizational and societal. Universities, advocacy groups, and governmental agencies may all benefit from contemporary findings. Furthermore, improved societal understanding of campus sexual assault culture and victimology can create a safe space for victims to report sexual assault on a college campus when it involves incapacitation.

The purpose of the study is to investigate school counselors' work with issues related to concerns that a child is being harmed due to abuse or neglect, and what they believe affects their decision to submit or not to submit a report of concern. The study uses a qualitative method with semi structured interviews. The theoretical framework for this study is neoinstitutional theory with focus on organizational fields and institutional logics. The results show that school counselors have a central role in their schools reporting system due to them often being responsible for writing and signing the reports. Considerations they make consist of whether or not to make a report and what approach they should have. Central factors that affect school counselors’ decision-making is; if they suspect physical abuse, if the guardians are willing to cooperate and whether or not social services advice for a report to be made or not. The findings of this study show that school counselors use their knowledge of social work in regards to dealing with suspicion of abuse and neglect and in making reports of concern.

No description available.

No description available.

Le déploiement de moyens visant à lutter contre la fraude fiscale menace les libertés fondamentales et individuelles des contribuables. En effet, le durcissement de la répression fiscale marque un pas vers l'interventionnisme étatique et semble légitimer la généralisation du soupçon à l'encontre de ces derniers. Le renforcement des prérogatives de contrôle fiscal et d'investigation confiées aux agents du fisc notamment par le recours aux pouvoirs de police judiciaire n'est pas exempt de dangers. Il conduit d'ailleurs à justifier des intrusions dans la vie privée des individus ainsi que de profondes atteintes au droit de propriété sur la base de simples présomptions de fraude fiscale. Les contribuables sont eux aussi exposés aux risques d'abus de pouvoir et de détournement de procédures mais manquent de recours pour combattre ces dérives. En tant qu'Administration publique, l'Administration fiscale, censée oeuvrer pour l'intérêt général dans le cadre de sa mission de récolte de l'impôt et de sanction des fraudeurs, bénéficie d'une présomption quasi « irréfragable » de loyauté lui conférant une responsabilité atténuée voir même une certaine immunité. En effet, rares sont les cas où la responsabilité pour faute de l'Administration fiscale est retenue par les juges. De surcroît, quand la machine judiciaire vient suppléer les carences de l'Administration fiscale, le respect du principe d'égalité des armes apparaît bien plus théorique que pratique. Les inspecteurs agissent de plus en plus sous la contrainte des objectifs de résultats et de rendement budgétaire, au détriment du respect des libertés individuelles et de la présomption de bonne foi des contribuables / The raise of means aiming to struggle against tax evasion threats fundamentals liberties for taxpayers. Indeed, the strengthening of tax repressive measures marks on more step in the state's intervention and seems to justify a generalisation of suspicion against taxpayers. Furthermore, the reinforcement in tax inspector's power mostly used through resort to judicial power isn't exempt from danger. It results in justifying violation of private life and illegal entry only based on presumption of tax fraud. Taxpayers are also exposed to tax authorities abuses and do not have necessary the means to face those abuses. As a public administration, tax authorities are supposed to work for general interest as defined in their mission to both collect taxes and sanction defrauders, but on the other hand they also benefit from an irrefragable presumption of fairness, which results in an attenuated liability. Indeed, rare are the case where the breach of duty from tax authorities is pushed forward by the judges. Moreover, when the judicial machine supplies the shortages of tax Authorities, the respect of equal weapon's principle seems more theoretic than efficient. Tax inspectors act more and more under pressure to get results and budgetary profits, to the detriment of individual freedom and presumption of sincerity. It's in this context that for years, tax authorities have been trying to change their image to present themselves as an administration of service, which main purpose is to encourage amicable settlement of tax litigation

Univ., Habil.-Schr.--Frankfurt am Main, 1998.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess the experience of extreme metal musicians. Using a qualitative approach, 23 texts on the topic of "Why I like metal" were analysed. These reference texts were written by death, black, and thrash metal musicians. Additionaly, an interview and artifacts analysis was conducted. Based on the qualitative approach, 12 categories representing the experience of metal musicians were formulated. However, this view did not correspond with the general notion of extreme metal. Two views, one "from the inside" and another "from the outside" of the metal community, were thus formed. Based on the growing dissonance of these two views, the theoretical concept of hermeneutice of suspicion was applied. Based on this interpretative stratégy, four areas have been identified, in which metal musicians mask metal aggresion, primitiveness, incomprehension and inaccessibility. KEYWORDS Metal music, experience of musicians, analysis of texts, analysis of interview and artefacts, hermeneutics of suspicion,