Global ETD Search

1	The developing relationship between spoken and written syntax in an English secondary school Brenchley, Mark David Tristan January 2015 (has links) The present study undertook to address two questions: (1) are there any age-relatable relationships between the spoken and written syntax of adolescent students within a mainstream secondary school? (2) are there any relationships associated with the educational attainment of these students? To this end, the study analysed 180 pairs of spoken and written non-narrative texts, eliciting each such pair from students attending a mainstream English secondary school. This bespoke corpus was further designed so as to be balanced across three year groups (Year Seven, Year Eight, Year Nine) and two National Curriculum attainment levels (Level 4, Level 5). Syntactic packaging was chosen as the study’s analytical focus; defined here as comprising how clauses are combined via coordination and subordination. To help ensure a more in-depth analysis, an extended set of measures was employed, ranging from the general (e.g. the number of clauses per t-unit) to the more specific (e.g. the number of non-finite adverbial clauses per t-unit and per clause). So analysed, the study found that adolescent students at the present age and attainment levels can and do differentiate their spoken and written syntax, at least for these texts and these measures. It also found this differentiation to be something that varied according to the particular kind of packaging. Thus, for example, the spoken texts exhibited greater numbers of t-units per t-unit complex, together with a greater prominence of finite adverbial and post-verbal complement clauses. Thus, also, the written texts exhibited a greater overall prominence of non-finite clauses. And, thus, both modalities exhibited similar proportions of relative clauses. Finally, this differentiation was found to be developmentally static, with participants handling their spoken and written syntax for these measures in much the same way, regardless of their age or attainment level. Overall, these findings are interpreted in terms of the participants tapping into the differential production conditions of the two modalities but without necessarily fully exploiting these conditions. Furthermore, when placed in the context of the wider evidence base, the findings point to two general conclusions. Firstly, they indicate students at the present age and attainment levels to be at a stage where their syntactic output is in line with that of more mature discourse. Secondly, they indicate modality to be an aspect of student syntax that is characterised by a potentially high degree of sensitivity to the wider discourse context. 425
2	Role of topic and comment in linguistic theory Gundel, Jeanette K. January 1977 (has links) Originally published as author's thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 1974. / Bibliography: p. 206-211.
3	Aspectos fonologicos e morfossintaticos da lingua ava-canoeiro (Tupi-Guarani), / Phonological and morphosyntactic aspects of ava-canoeiro (Tupi-guarani) Borges, Monica Veloso 02 October 2006 (has links) Orientador: Angel Humberto Corbera Mori / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T20:19:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borges_MonicaVeloso_D.pdf: 5139435 bytes, checksum: 9b8cf436bdfab4d72fec65b029a973d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A língua Avá-Canoeiro, pertencente ao Subgrupo IV das línguas Tupi-Guarani , é falada por vinte e duas pessoas. A maioria desses indígenas vive na aldeia Canoanã, na Ilha do Bananal, a cinqüenta e quatro quilômetros da cidade de Formoso do Araguaia, no Estado do Tocantins. Há também uma família que mora na aldeia Javaé de Boto Velho, próxima ao município de Lagoa da Confusão, também na Ilha. Seis Avá-Canoeiro vivem na Terra Indígena próxima à cidade de Minaçu, em Goiás, localizada a oitenta quilômetros daquele município. Esta tese, cuja fundamentação teórica é a Tipologia Funcional, aborda aspectos fonológicos e morfossintáticos dessa língua brasileira pouquíssimo conhecida, bem como fornece ao leitor um panorama sobre a situação sociolingüística desse povo em nossos d as. São temas discutidos na parte relativa à fonologia: 1) os fonemas e seus alofones; 2) aspectos fonológicos diacrônicos; 3) processos fonológicos e morfofonológicos; 4) a constituição silábica; e 5) o padrão acentual. No que diz respeito à morfossintaxe, discuto: 1) as classes de palavras abertas (nome, verbo e advérbio) e fechadas (pronomes pessoais, demonstrativos, partículas e posposições); 2) as orações simples e coordenadas; 3) os tipos oracionais; 4) a ordem frasal; e 5) a hipótese de a língua ser de estrutura ativa. / Abstract: Avá-Canoeiro, which belongs to the fourth subgroup of the Tupi-Guarani languages, is spoken by twenty two people. The majority of them live in Canoanã Village, in Ilha do Bananal, located at fifty four kilometers from the city of Formoso do Araguaia, in the state of Tocantins. There is also one family that reside in Boto Velho Javaé Village, close to the city of Lagoa da Confusão, in Ilha do Bananal too. Six Avá-Canoeiro indians inhabit in the Indigenous Land near eighty kilometers from Minaçu, in the state of Goiás. This doctoral dissertation is theorically based on the Functional Typology and presents some aspects of the phonology and of the morphosyntax of Avá-Canoeiro, this Brazilian language which is almost still unknown. The reader can also find informations about the sociolinguistic reality of this people nowadays. The phonological aspects discussed are: 1) the phonemes of the language and the r allophones; 2) diachronical phonological aspects; 3) phonological and morphosyntactic processes; 4) the syllable constitution and 5) the stress pattern. Concerning the morphosyntax of the language, the topics discussed are: 1) open and closed parts-of-speech (nouns, verbs, adverbs, personal pronouns, demonstratives, particles and pospositions); 2) ma n and coordinated clauses; 3) the sentences types; 4) the word order; and 5) the hypothesis that Avá-Canoeiro could be classified as an Active-Stative Language. / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística Índios - Línguas Lingua ava-canoeiro Fonética Morfologia Sintaxe (Gramatica) Indian languages Ava-canoeiro language Phonetics Morphology Syntax (Grammar)
4	Aspecto no Kaingang / Aspect in Kaingang (Ge) Gonçalves, Solange Aparecida, 1960- 03 August 2007 (has links) Orientador: Wilmar da Rocha D'Angelis / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T06:06:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_SolangeAparecida_M.pdf: 1388910 bytes, checksum: 2e8b0bfca61ebb48975ad22d15e07c86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A presente dissertação avalia a pertinência do emprego da noção de Aspecto para definir a função desempenhada por um conjunto de partículas oracionais finais na língua Kaingang (família Jê, tronco Macro-Jê). Essa língua indígena é falada no Brasil Meridional em uma população de cerca de 30 mil pessoas. Para tanto, apresenta-se uma revisão da abordagem teórica dos fatos lingüísticos comumente classificados na categoria de Aspecto, destacando as distintas visões do fenômeno, muitas vezes tomado em perspectivas divergentes em diferentes autores. Ressalta-se, por exemplo, a distinção - para alguns teóricos, clara e necessária; para outros, inexistente ou sem grande utilidade - entre Aspecto e Acionalidade ('Aktionsart'). Há resenhas da bibliografia sobre a língua Kaingang, destacando as obras em que o tema foi abordado ou mencionado de algum modo. Finalmente, analisa-se um 'corpus' produzido, em sua maior parte, por dados colhidos diretamente em campo em função dessa pesquisa (uma parte dele, no entanto, é constituído de dados emprestados de outros trabalhos de pesquisa). A partir desses dados, sugerem-se hipóteses sobre a função de tais partículas, apontando, em algumas, efetivas funções aspectuais, mas em outras, uma função modal ou uma perspectiva de evidenciar Acionalidade / Abstract: This dissertation evaluates the relevancy of using the notion of Aspect to define the function performed by a set of final phrasal particles in the Kaingang language (Jê family, Macro-Jê stock). This aboriginal language is spoken by a population of about thirty thousand people in Southern Brazil. For this, a revision of the theoretical approach of the linguistic facts usually classified as Aspect's category is presented, detaching the distinct viewpoints about the phenomenon, many times taken in divergent perspectives by different authors. It's standed out, for example, the distinction - for some theoreticians, clear and necessary; for others, inexistent or without much use - between Aspect and Actionality ('Aktionsart'). There are bibliography summaries on the Kaingang language, detaching the workmanships where the subject boarded or was mentioned in some way. Finally, it is analyzed a set of data that, in its bigger part, was produced in field investigation specially applied for this research (a part of it, however, is constituted of borrowed data of other works of research). From these data, hypotheses are suggested on the function of such particles, concluding, in some cases, that they have effective aspectual functions, but in others, they suggest a modal function or a perspective of evidencing Actionality / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística Índios - Línguas Sintaxe (Gramatica) Semântica Lingua kaingang Gramatica comparada e geral - Aspecto Indians - Languages Syntax (Grammar) Semantics Kaingang language Grammar, comparative and general aspect
5	O uso de se com infinito na historia do portugues : do portugues classico ao portugues europeu e brasileiro modernos Cavalcante, Silvia Regina de Oliveira 27 January 2006 (has links) Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland Galves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T20:46:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcante_SilviaReginadeOliveira.pdf: 705251 bytes, checksum: 03b5546f8db580f0ad6dbcc37df82172 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A análise sincrônica da variação 0 j se com infinitivo em amostras de fala (NurcjRJ e Português Fundamental) e de escrita (jornais) do Português Brasileiro (PB) e do Português Europeu (PE) revela uma diferença no percentual do uso de se com infinitivo: PE apresenta uma média de 8% de presença de se nas amostras de fala e de escrita, ao passo que PB apresenta uma média de 25% e de .50% de se na fala e na escrita respectivamente. partir de tais resultados, esta tese procura entender a evolução diacrônica de se com infinitivo que dá lugar a esse uso diferenciado em PE e PB. Para isso, trata da variação 0 j se numa amostra de textos de autores portugueses nascidos entre os séculos 16 e 19, que compõem o Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico - Corpus Tycho Emhe. Nesta amostra, a média de se com infinitivo sofre uma mudança: até o século 18 (período do Português Clássico - PCI), há 20% de presença de se nas infinitivas; a partir do século 18 (Português Europeu), há 10% de presença de se nas sentenças infinitivas. A análise se fundamenta (a) no tipo de se que pode aparecer junto ao infinitivo: sepassivo, se-indefinido e se-impessoal (cj. Raposo e U riagereka 1996 e Martins 2003), e (b) na natureza de AGR não finito em PB e PE (cj. Moreira da Silva 1983, Galves 1993 e Figueiredo Silva 1996). Com base neste quadro teórico e nos resultados de um conjunto de mudanças ocorridas na gramática do PB, é possível argumentar a favor de que, enquanto no PE, um sistema em que AGR é forte, capaz de licenciar e identificar sujeitos nulos, aparecem o se-indefinido e o se-impessoal; no PB, um sistema de AGR fraco no traço [pessoa], o se é o se-impessoal e aparece para identificar o referente indeterminado da posição sujeito de infinitivo, em variação com os pronomes a gente e você. No PCI, diferentemente, aparece o se-passivo nas infinitivas. Com esses resultados, procuro contribuir para uma descrição mais acurada das diferenças paramétricas existentes entre PE e PB. Esses resultados, aliados às pesquisas desenvolvidas dentro do quadro teórico gerativista, contribuem para se postular que estamos diante de três gramáticas distintas: a do PCI, a do PE e PB / Abstract: The synchronic analysis of 0/ se variation in infinitival sentences in spoken and written dialects of both Brazilian and European Portuguese samples reveals a different rate of se: Brazilian Portuguese presents a higher rate of se in infinitival clauses than European Portuguese. Taking in consideration this difference, this dissertation tries to explain the diachronic evolution of se in infinitival clauses that causes this different usage in EP and BP. Thus, this research deals with the variation 0/ se in a sample of portuguese writers bom between the 16th and 19th centuries, which makes Tycho Brahe Parsed Corpus of Historical Portuguese - Tycho Brahe Corpus. In this sample, the avarage of se in infinitivals undergoes a change: up to the 18th century (the sq-called Classical Portuguese period), there is 20% of se in infinitivals: whereas from the 18th century on (European Portuguese), there is 10% of se in infinitival clauses. The analysis is based on (a) the kind of se that may appear with infinitive: passive-se, indefinite-se and impersonal-se (cf Raposo e Uriagereka (1996), Martins (2003)), and (b) the nature of non-finite AGR in BP and EP (cf Moreira da Silva (1983), Galves (1993) and Figueiredo Silva (1996)). Based on this theoretical framework and on the results of the changes undertaken on the grammar of BP, it is possible to argue that, in EP, with a rich AGR system, able to licence and identify null subjects, we find indefinite-se and impersonal-se. ln BP, a weak AGR system with regards to the [person] feature, there is only impersonal-se and this pronoun appears to identify the indeterminate referent to the subject position of the infinitive, in variation with the arbitrary pronouns a gente and você. ln Classical Portuguese, we find the passive-se in infinitival sentences / Tese (doutorado) - Univers / Doutor em Linguística Mudanças linguísticas Sintaxe (Gramatica) Gramática gerativa Lingua portuguesa - Infinitivo Lingua portuguesa - Pronomes Linguistic change Syntax (Grammar) Generative grammar Portuguese language - Infinitive Portuguese language - Pronoun
6	O clitico se e a variação enclise/proclise do Portugues Medio ao Portugues Europeu Moderno / The clitic se and the enclises/proclisis variation from Middle Portuguese to Modern European Portuguese Antonelli, André Luís, 1980- 17 January 2007 (has links) Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland Galves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T14:28:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonelli_AndreLuis_M.pdf: 667155 bytes, checksum: 621ef4e55ddf2aac93ab1ba883160023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: No Português Europeu, do século 16 ao 19, é atestado em textos escritos que a ênclise e a próclise podem co-ocorrer no contexto sintático das orações afirmativas finitas não-dependentes XP-V, sendo XP um sintagma de natureza [+ referencial]. Galves, Britto & Paixão de Sousa (2005) já observaram que, até por volta de 1700, o uso da próclise é quantitativamente maior que o da ênclise. No entanto, a partir do início do século 18, começa a haver uma inversão nessa proporção, de tal modo que, no Português Europeu Moderno, os mesmos contextos que outrora admitiam a colocação proclítica apresentam agora a ênclise de maneira categórica. Em textos escritos antes do século 18, Galves, Britto & Paixão de Sousa já notaram que a opção pela ênclise está fortemente associada ao uso do clítico se. Elas mostram que, em textos dos séculos 16 e 17, um alto percentual de ênclise em sentenças sujeito-iniciais tipicamente traduz-se em uma alta proporção da ordem ?sujeito + verbo + clítico se?. Esse mesmo paradigma, porém, não é observado para os textos dos séculos 18 e 19, já que, nos textos escritos por autores nascidos após 1700, a distribuição da ênclise com se e com os outros clíticos é muito mais balanceada. Dada essa particularidade no fenômeno da colocação de clíticos do Português Europeu envolvendo o pronome se, procuro investigar, dentro do quadro teórico da gramática gerativa, a dinâmica da alternância ênclise/próclise especificamente em sentenças com esse clítico entre os séculos 16 e 19, buscando entender melhor em que circunstâncias a ênclise aparece e como isso se relaciona com o clítico se. / Abstract: In European Portuguese, from the 16th to the 19th century, it is noticed that, in written texts, enclisis and proclisis may co-occur in non-dependent affirmative sentences XP-V, XP being a [+ referential] phrase. Galves, Britto & Paixão de Sousa (2005) already observed that, up to about 1750, the use of proclisis is quantitatively higher than that of enclisis. However, from the beginning of the 18th century on, an inversion of this proportion started to occur in such a way that, in Modern European Portuguese, enclisis is categorical in all those contexts where the proclitic placement was allowed earlier. In texts written before the 18th century, Galves, Britto & Paixão de Sousa already noticed that the enclitic choice is strongly correlated with the use of the clitic se. They show that, in 16th and 17th century texts, a high rate of enclisis in subject-initial sentences typically translates into a high proportion of the word order ?subject + verb + clitic se?. However this same paradigm is not observed in relation to the 18th-19th century texts since, in the texts written by authors born after 1700, the distribution of enclisis with se and with other clitics is much more balanced. Given such particularity of the clitic-placement phenomenon in European Portuguese involving the clitic se, I try to investigate, within the theoretical framework of the generative grammar, the dynamics of enclisis/proclisis variation specifically in this kind of sentence between the 16th and 19th century, trying to improve the understanding about the circumstances in which enclisis arises and how it relates to the clitic se. / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística Língua portuguesa Mudanças linguísticas Sintaxe (Gramatica) Grámatica comparada e geral - Clíticos Gramática gerativa Portuguese language Linguistic change Syntax (Grammar) Generative grammar
7	Estudo da variação do determinante em sintagmas nominais possessivos na historia do Portugues / Study of determiner variation in possessive nominal phrases on Portuguese history Floripi, Simone Azevedo 26 February 2008 (has links) Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland Galves / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T22:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Floripi_SimoneAzevedo_D.pdf: 1875269 bytes, checksum: b059fb7e8167a29ea9a32a008e7fa4fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta tese tem por objetivo descrever e analisar, dentro de uma perspectiva diacrônica, a variação do uso do determinante em estruturas com sintagmas nominais (DP) possessivos em 23 textos de autores portugueses nascidos desde o século 16 ao século 19. No período investigado, o emprego do artigo mostrava-se variável, passando, no decorrer dos séculos, para uma obrigatoriedade que se manifesta nos dias de hoje nesse contexto. Esta pesquisa, buscará determinar os contextos afetados pela mudança e delinear uma análise para os fenômenos envolvidos. Como arcabouço teórico utilizaremos uma abordagem minimalista (Chomsky (1995), Kayne (1994) e Schoorlemmer (1998)), tendo como pressupostos teóricos o Modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros. Sobre as características do Português Europeu moderno, período final da mudança investigada, utilizaremos as investigações de Castro (2001, 2006), Castro e Costa (2002), Miguel (2002, 2004) e Brito (2001, 2007) sobre o sintagma possessivo. Os textos utilizados como base de investigação para esta pesquisa diacrônica foram selecionados do Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe que se encontram disponíveis na internet no site: www.ime.usp.br/~tycho/corpus. Para o levantamento de dados serão utilizados os textos disponíveis do Corpus Tycho Brahe, pois, assim, poderemos tratar quantitativamente de objetos mais complexos, tanto do ponto de vista do fenômeno envolvido quanto do período considerado; e, com base nesse tratamento quantitativo, faremos uma análise qualitativa sustentável / Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to describe and investigate, within a diachronic perspective, the use of the determiner in possessive noun phrases in 23 Portuguese authors born between the 16th and the 19th century. During the period considered, the use of the article was variable, becoming obligatory at some point, as it can be observed nowadays in European Portuguese. This research will try to verify the contexts affected by the change and to propose an analysis for the observed facts. We adopt a minimalist approach based on Chomsky (1995), Kayne (1994) and Schoorlemmer (1998) within the Principles and Parameters Model. In order to explore the modern European Portuguese characteristics, corresponding to the last stage of the change investigated, we use the analyses by Castro (2001, 2006), Castro e Costa (2002), Miguel (2002, 2004) and Brito (2001, 2007). For our description and analysis, we use literary texts drawn from the Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe, which are freely available at www.ime.usp.br/~tycho/corpus / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística Mudança linguistica Sintagma nominal possessivo Determinante (Linguistica) Lingua portuguesa - Pronomes Sintaxe (Gramatica) Linguistic change Possessive nominal phrase Determiner (Linguistics) Syntax (Grammar)
8	F. A. Hayek's Critique of Legislation Holm, Cyril January 2014 (has links) The dissertation concerns F. A. Hayek’s (1899–1992) critique of legislation. The purpose of the investigation is to clarify and assess that critique. I argue that there is in Hayek’s work a critique of legislation that is distinct from his well-known critique of social planning. Further that the main claim of this critique is what I refer to as Hayek’s legislation tenet, namely that legislation that aims to achieve specific aggregate results in complex orders of society will decrease the welfare level. The legislation tenet gains support; (i) from the welfare claim – according to which there is a positive correlation between the utilization of knowledge and the welfare level in society; (ii) from the dispersal of knowledge thesis – according to which the total knowledge of society is dispersed and not available to any one agency; and (iii) from the cultural evolution thesis – according to which evolutionary rules are more favorable to the utilization of knowledge in social cooperation than are legislative rules. More specifically, I argue that these form two lines of argument in support of the legislation tenet. One line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the dispersal of knowledge thesis. I argue that this line of argument is true. The other line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the cultural evolution thesis. I argue that this line of argument is false, mainly because the empirical work of political scientist Elinor Ostrom refutes it. Because the two lines of argument support the legislation tenet independently of each other, I argue that Hayek’s critique of legislation is true. In this dissertation, I further develop a legislative policy tool as based on the welfare claim and Hayek’s conception of coercion. I also consider Hayek’s idea that rules and law are instrumental in forging rational individual action and rational social orders, and turn to review this idea in light of the work of experimental economist Vernon Smith and economic historian Avner Greif. I find that Smith and Greif support this idea of Hayek’s, and I conjecture that it contributes to our understanding of Adam Smith’s notion of the invisible hand: It is rules – not an invisible hand – that prompt subjects to align individual and aggregate rationality in social interaction. Finally, I argue that Hayek’s critique is essentially utilitarian, as it is concerned with the negative welfare consequences of certain forms of legislation. And although it may appear that the dispersal of knowledge thesis will undermine the possibility of carrying out the utilitarian calculus, due to the lack of knowledge of the consequences of one’s actions – and therefore undermine the legislation tenet itself – I argue that the distinction between utilitarianism conceived as a method of deliberation and utilitarianism conceived as a criterion of correctness may be used to save Hayek’s critique from this objection. Hayek legislation rules law rationality rational action rational social order equilibrium utilitarianism method of deliberation criterion of correctness Elinor Ostrom Avner Greif Vernon Smith Joshua Epstein complexity knowledge social cooperation information know-how the Hayek problem the invisible hand Adam Smith Mises Keynes Marx welfare state Gilbert Ryle Michael Polanyi theory of legislation legisprudence jurisprudence Neo-Kantianism historicism cognitive closure theory of prices competition syntax grammar game theory generative social science agent-based computational modeling institutional policy analysis normative primacy of economics primacy of politics Sheri Berman constructivist rationalism socialism social democracy Nozick Rawls distribution justice freedom Kant polycentric government process of experimentation speculative philosophy analytical philosophy freedom under the law liberty philosophy of mind consequentialist

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