Global ETD Search

1	Consequentialist Versus Deontological Ethical Dispositions Of Turkish Banking Sector Managers: Comparing A Public And A Private Bank Kirbasli Karaoglu, Dilsad 01 August 2006 (has links) (PDF) The aim of this thesis is to see in a descriptive manner, whether there is a difference in the ethical disposition of public and private banking sector managers in T&uuml / rkiye, according to two ethical theories: consequentialism (based on the consequences of the action) and deontologism (based on principles). The study analyzes the preferences of the managers both in the way of thinking and acting to see whether people act consistently with their way of thinking. The degree of validity of consequentialism/deontologism dichotomy and the daptability of these western theories to the Turkish context are also analyzed. Two hypotheses have been formed: private sector managers, young and male managers tend to be more consequentialist whereas public sector managers, elderly and female managers have a tendency toward deontologism. These hypotheses were tested on 58 managers working in the headquarters in Ankara (34 in the public, 24 in the private sector) through vignettes and interviews as data collection methods. As a result of the ANOVA analysis and content analysis performed on the data, private sector managers and male managers seem to be more consequentialist and they are consistent in their way of thinking and acting, but public sector managers, elderly and female managers do not have a tendency toward deontologism. The semistructured interviews showed that the level of awareness of the term ethics was low. Due to radical changes in social values in the last two decades in T&uuml / rkiye, contradictory values co-exist. The suitability of the consequentialist/deontological dichotomy may be questioned for T&uuml / rkiye. H General Social Sciences 1-99
2	State Emergency - is torture ever justifibale? : Reflections from deontologist and consequentialist perspectives. Stenkvist, Lina January 2006 (has links) <p>Abstract</p><p>The ban against torture is part of customary international law and is prohibited under all circumstances. Nevertheless, torture is conducted by nearly 150 countries all over the world,according to Amnesty International. Torture often serves as a means for governments to</p><p>protect themselves from internal and external threats to the security of the state apparatus.</p><p>The research problem seeks to investigate whether torture is ever justifiable when a nation finds itself in an emergency situation. This dilemma is examined through two moral theories, deontology and consequentialism, which are the two most debated theories in this</p><p>context. This research investigates three case countries; USA, Israel and Argentina, all of which have resorted to violent interrogation/ torture of detainees under national security situations.</p><p>In the analysis chapter, an examination of the two moral theories´ interpretations in each case country’s policy of violent interrogation / torture is carried out. The study was conducted using qualitative methods, idea analysis and the case study method.</p><p>In conclusion, the deontologist perspective takes an absolutist approach, in which torture is never justifiable, whereas the consequentialist perspective deems torture to be justifiable in</p><p>cases such as the “ticking bomb,” where many innocent lives may be saved. A further debate regarding the issue of torture and justifiability is needed, unless debated and questions are</p><p>raised regarding the use of torture, we merely drive torture underground.</p> Torture moral theories deontology consequentialist USA Israel Argentina international law. Political science Statsvetenskap
3	The Negotiation of Gender and Patriarchy in Selected Nigerian and South African Plays Oloruntoba, Albert Olatunde January 2019 (has links) Of all human identity categories such as race, religion, culture, class and gender that a person might belong to, race and gender are arguably two of the most contentious in the world. This study takes gender as its main focus, exploring how gender, gender oppression, patriarchy and resistance are negotiated in selected dramatic literary works emanating from Africa’s two literary giants, Nigeria and South Africa. It thus aims to bring two distinct literary traditions into dialogue with one another in order to clarify our understanding of how gender is articulated and inscribed across different contexts. Selected works from Nigeria include Aetu (2006), Little Drops (2011), Abobaku (2015) all by a single playwright, Ahmed Yerima, who has been described as one of the most outspoken feminist playwrights in the country. Other plays from South African context include So What’s New? (1993) by Fatima Dike, Weemen (1996) by Mthali Thulani, Flight from the Mahabarath (1998) by Muthal Naidoo and At Her Feet by Nadia Davids (2006). Of particular interest in this study is the question of how these plays explore the specific forms of gender discrimination which arise in the context of religious, traditional and cultural practices such as domestic violence against women, child marriage, wife inheritance, polygamy and property-sharing after the death of a husband or father. These texts, all written from a feminist perspective, foreground different understandings of what a woman and a mother is in the African context. They also offer differing articulations of gender-based resistance. The study employs an eclectic blend of western and African feminist/womanist frameworks in order to decipher how these plays comment, and reflect, on the issue of gender inequality. In so doing, the aim is to bring these distinct theoretical and ideological traditions into dialogue with one another. A further aim is to assess to what extent these plays draw on, or are aligned with, various strands of western and African feminist theorizing whilst also offering an understanding of literary texts as sites of theory-making in their own right. The study further explores the echoes, conjunctions, entanglements and disparities that are revealed by bringing these texts from different contexts into dialogue with one another. In this process, the chapter also explores the extent to which these plays can be aligned with the often polarized discourses of western and African feminist theories, thus contributing to a broader understanding of gender, gendered societies and gender-based oppression in African contexts. Finally, this study seeks to arrive at a new theoretical feminist framework for reading these texts: what I have called ‘Consequentialist feminism’ is an approach which seeks to transcend the binaries between western and African feminist theorizing by focusing on the consequences of women’s choices in particular contexts of engagement and response. / Thesis (DLitt (English))--University of Pretoria, 2019. / English / DLitt (English) / Unrestricted UCTD Feminist drama African feminist drama gender inequality consequentialist feminism Nigerian drama South African drama
4	Le conséquentialisme dans la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel / Consequentialism in the Constitutional Council Jurisprudence Salles, Sylvie 07 November 2015 (has links) Traditionnellement, en raison du caractère « abstrait » du contrôle de la loi, le Conseil constitutionnel n’est pas censé s’intéresser aux conséquences de sa décision pour le choix de la solution. En effet, selon la conception classique, le juge confronte la loi à la Constitution en suivant un syllogisme : le contrôle est ainsi « pur » de toute considération extra-juridique. Et pourtant… l’étude révèle que le « conséquentialisme » – entendu comme un jugement fondé sur les effets et non sur les fondements qui soutiennent la décision – est omniprésent dans la jurisprudence constitutionnelle. Les conseillers prennent en compte les conséquences politiques, économiques, sociales, institutionnelles de leurs décisions, notamment pour prévenir les conséquences néfastes d’une solution vis-à-vis des droits et libertés. L’ouverture des délibérations, en 2009, confirme que le « réflexe conséquentialiste » existedepuis les débuts de l’institution. Et l’entrée en vigueur de la QPC, en 2010, a renforcé et banalisé l’usage de l’analyse conséquentialiste, devenue plus précise, plus technique. En tournant son regard vers le futur, le juge constitutionnel participe à l’adaptation contemporaine du contrôle aux besoins du droit constitutionnel, qu’il s’agisse de maîtriser les effets dans le temps d’une déclaration d’inconstitutionnalité ou d’intégrer les nouveaux rapports de systèmes. Cette recherche révèle combien le conséquentialisme constitutionnel est inévitable dans le contrôle de constitutionnalité, bien qu’il reste aussi nécessairement inachevé. / Given the « abstract » nature of the judicial review, the Constitutional Council is not supposed to take an interest in the consequences of its decision when choosing a solution. In the traditional conception, the judge uses a syllogism to compare the law and the Constitution: the review is therefore “pure” of any extrajudicial consideration. Yet the study shows that the “consequentialism” – in the sense of a ruling based on the consequences rather than on the founding principles underpinning a decision – can be found in every aspect of the case law. The constitutional judges take into account the political, economic, social and institutional consequences of their decisions, particularly in order to prevent negative effects on rights and liberties. The publication of the deliberations of the Council decided in 2009 confirms that the “consequentialist reaction” has existed since the creation of the institution. In 2010, the coming into force of priority preliminary rulings on the issue of constitutionality (QPC –questions prioritaires de constitutionalité) has strengthen and made commonplace the consequentialist analysis, which has become more precise and more technical. By taking into account the future, the constitutional judge contributes to the adaptation of the review to the needs of the law, whether one is talking about dealing with the effects in time of a constitutional invalidity or integrating the new systems linkages. From then on, this study shows the unavoidable nature of constitutional consequentialism in the judicial review, though the notion stays inevitably incomplete. Analyse conséquentialiste Argumentation/Raisonnement Effets des décisions Interprétation Syllogisme Système institutionnel Consequentialist analysis Argumentation/Reasoning Decisions effects Interpretation Syllogism Institutional system
5	State Emergency - is torture ever justifibale? : Reflections from deontologist and consequentialist perspectives. Stenkvist, Lina January 2006 (has links) Abstract The ban against torture is part of customary international law and is prohibited under all circumstances. Nevertheless, torture is conducted by nearly 150 countries all over the world,according to Amnesty International. Torture often serves as a means for governments to protect themselves from internal and external threats to the security of the state apparatus. The research problem seeks to investigate whether torture is ever justifiable when a nation finds itself in an emergency situation. This dilemma is examined through two moral theories, deontology and consequentialism, which are the two most debated theories in this context. This research investigates three case countries; USA, Israel and Argentina, all of which have resorted to violent interrogation/ torture of detainees under national security situations. In the analysis chapter, an examination of the two moral theories´ interpretations in each case country’s policy of violent interrogation / torture is carried out. The study was conducted using qualitative methods, idea analysis and the case study method. In conclusion, the deontologist perspective takes an absolutist approach, in which torture is never justifiable, whereas the consequentialist perspective deems torture to be justifiable in cases such as the “ticking bomb,” where many innocent lives may be saved. A further debate regarding the issue of torture and justifiability is needed, unless debated and questions are raised regarding the use of torture, we merely drive torture underground. Torture moral theories deontology consequentialist USA Israel Argentina international law.
6	Humanitarian Intervention: Moral Perspectives Clark, Tyrome 01 January 2016 (has links) This thesis addresses primary concepts in the humanitarian intervention debates. I argue that humanitarian intervention is a perfect duty. The global community has a moral obligation to act decisively in the face of extreme human rights abuses. There are two contrasting theoretical perspectives regarding international relations and humanitarian intervention: statism and cosmopolitanism. These contrasting perspectives contest the relative value of state sovereignty and human rights. Some of the most prominent ethicists in the debate have determined states have a “right” to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of other states to halt severe human rights abuses but there is no “duty”to intervene. These conclusions are largely based upon consequentialist considerations. This thesis argues a deontological perspective is essential. References to events Rwanda, Darfur, and Kosovo are made. There is a critical role for preemptive actions to play in addressing humanitarian crises and calls for global justice. Thesis University of North Florida UNF Dissertations Dissertations Academic -- UNF -- Philosophy perfect duties humanitarian intervention human rights sovereignty statism cosmopolitanism morally determinant preemption deontological ethics consequentialist ethics Ethics and Political Philosophy
7	Modulação temporal de efeitos: uma abordagem dogmática e dialógica / Dogmatic approach concerning to the prospective effect of judicial decisions Rodrigo de Almeida Távora 24 September 2012 (has links) A presente dissertação objetiva ampliar o tratamento dogmático da modulação temporal dos efeitos da decisão que reconhece a inconstitucionalidade de atos normativos. Busca-se também abordar a perspectiva prospectiva no controle de legalidade e na aferição de juridicidade dos demais atos não normativos praticados no âmbito dos três poderes. Além de abordar os pressupostos teóricos subjacentes à abordagem prospectiva, foram analisados os sistemas de controle de constitucionalidade e os distintos regimes conferidos às situações de invalidade. Promove-se a releitura do tema de forma a reconduzir a modulação dos efeitos temporais à ponderação entre os princípios constitucionais violados pela norma que se pretende declarar inválida e os que tutelam as relações jurídicas que se formaram durante a vigência da norma declarada inválida. Discorre-se particularmente sobre o tema no Brasil, evidenciando-se que a perspectiva prospectiva não se circunscreve apenas ao regramento formal estabelecido pelas normas infraconstitucionais. Por fim, apresenta-se a modulação de efeitos como uma ferramenta valiosa de diálogo institucional, que pode permitir a conciliação dos espaços próprios dos poderes constituídos, temperando um eventual ativismo judicial. Evidencia-se que a modulação temporal de efeitos funciona como ponte entre as teorias empíricas e normativas. Vale-se de abordagens consequencialistas e institucionais sem se descurar da preocupação normativa e dogmática. Permite concomitantemente o debate mais intenso e o diálogo entre os poderes, tudo com o objetivo de se assegurar a concretização dos preceitos constitucionais de uma forma mais harmônica e sistemática. / This essay intends to enlarge the dogmatic approach concerning to the prospective effect of the decision which recognizes the unconstitutionality of the normative acts. The essay also addresses the prospectivity doctrine to the legality control and other acts - not regulatory - performed by the three branches. Besides addressing the theoretical assumptions underlying the prospective approach, it analyzes the judicial review system and the different schemes given to invalidity situations. It allows a new investigation about the theme in order to conduct the prospective effect to the balance between the constitutional principles violated by the rule that it wants to declare invalid and the principles which protect the legal relationships formed during the term of the rule declared invalid. The essay also addresses the subject in Brazil, showing that the prospective approach is not limited only by the standards formally established in law. Finally, the essay presents the prospective effect as a valuable tool for institutional dialogue, which may allow the reconciliation of the branches own spaces, tempering any judicial activism. The prospective effect works as a bridge between the empirical and normative theories. It takes into account consequentialist and institutional approaches without neglecting the normative and dogmatic concerns. At the same time, it allows the most intense debate and dialogue among the branches, ensuring the constitutional provisions in a more harmonious and systematic way. Modulação temporal de efeitos Direito público Controle da constitucionalidade Direito constitucional Invalidação de atos ilegais Interpretação consequencialista Ativismo judicial Diálogo institucional Public law Prospective effect of judicial decisions Judicial review Invalidation of illegal acts Consequentialist interpretation Judicial activism Institutional dialogue DIREITO PUBLICO
8	Modulação temporal de efeitos: uma abordagem dogmática e dialógica / Dogmatic approach concerning to the prospective effect of judicial decisions Rodrigo de Almeida Távora 24 September 2012 (has links) A presente dissertação objetiva ampliar o tratamento dogmático da modulação temporal dos efeitos da decisão que reconhece a inconstitucionalidade de atos normativos. Busca-se também abordar a perspectiva prospectiva no controle de legalidade e na aferição de juridicidade dos demais atos não normativos praticados no âmbito dos três poderes. Além de abordar os pressupostos teóricos subjacentes à abordagem prospectiva, foram analisados os sistemas de controle de constitucionalidade e os distintos regimes conferidos às situações de invalidade. Promove-se a releitura do tema de forma a reconduzir a modulação dos efeitos temporais à ponderação entre os princípios constitucionais violados pela norma que se pretende declarar inválida e os que tutelam as relações jurídicas que se formaram durante a vigência da norma declarada inválida. Discorre-se particularmente sobre o tema no Brasil, evidenciando-se que a perspectiva prospectiva não se circunscreve apenas ao regramento formal estabelecido pelas normas infraconstitucionais. Por fim, apresenta-se a modulação de efeitos como uma ferramenta valiosa de diálogo institucional, que pode permitir a conciliação dos espaços próprios dos poderes constituídos, temperando um eventual ativismo judicial. Evidencia-se que a modulação temporal de efeitos funciona como ponte entre as teorias empíricas e normativas. Vale-se de abordagens consequencialistas e institucionais sem se descurar da preocupação normativa e dogmática. Permite concomitantemente o debate mais intenso e o diálogo entre os poderes, tudo com o objetivo de se assegurar a concretização dos preceitos constitucionais de uma forma mais harmônica e sistemática. / This essay intends to enlarge the dogmatic approach concerning to the prospective effect of the decision which recognizes the unconstitutionality of the normative acts. The essay also addresses the prospectivity doctrine to the legality control and other acts - not regulatory - performed by the three branches. Besides addressing the theoretical assumptions underlying the prospective approach, it analyzes the judicial review system and the different schemes given to invalidity situations. It allows a new investigation about the theme in order to conduct the prospective effect to the balance between the constitutional principles violated by the rule that it wants to declare invalid and the principles which protect the legal relationships formed during the term of the rule declared invalid. The essay also addresses the subject in Brazil, showing that the prospective approach is not limited only by the standards formally established in law. Finally, the essay presents the prospective effect as a valuable tool for institutional dialogue, which may allow the reconciliation of the branches own spaces, tempering any judicial activism. The prospective effect works as a bridge between the empirical and normative theories. It takes into account consequentialist and institutional approaches without neglecting the normative and dogmatic concerns. At the same time, it allows the most intense debate and dialogue among the branches, ensuring the constitutional provisions in a more harmonious and systematic way. Modulação temporal de efeitos Direito público Controle da constitucionalidade Direito constitucional Invalidação de atos ilegais Interpretação consequencialista Ativismo judicial Diálogo institucional Public law Prospective effect of judicial decisions Judicial review Invalidation of illegal acts Consequentialist interpretation Judicial activism Institutional dialogue DIREITO PUBLICO
9	概括條款具體化之法學方法 ─以信用卡定型化契約之內容控制為例 / The methodology of materializing general clauses in jurisprudence－taking judicial review of the provisions in the credit card pre-formulated standard contracts for an example 楊益昌, Yang, Yi Chang Unknown Date (has links) 由於概括條款欠缺明確的構成要件，其適用方法即有異於其他規定，本文係在探討概括條款具體化時合適的法學方法，並且以信用卡定型化契約之內容控制為例加以說明。司法判決曾有認為信用卡循環息約款違反消費者保護法第12條第1項規定之誠信原則，但該判決經上訴後遭高院廢棄，現行司法實務見解在該問題上多與高院見解相同。事實上，該2判決結論的不同，起因於該2判決對相同事實有不同的評價，以及其分別使用不同的法學方法。是以引發幾項問題，包含該「評價」在法學方法中的意義為何？其所使用的法學方法有無學理之依據？法律適用過程必須對事實作出「評價」可以在「價值法學」中找到其意義，由此也彰顯了其與傳統法學方法的不同。雖然「評價」無法避免其主觀性，但「價值法學」仍要求評價應儘量求其客觀，所以發展一個有助於評價活動客觀化的法學方法有其必要性。本文嘗試在所舉的案例中操作Larenz的法學方法，發現其方法仍有不足之處，進而思考「法律論證」可以提供的助益。依學理之觀察，「法律論證」有助於評價活動的客觀化。在主要幾種法律論證方法中，本文認為「論題學」（類觀點學）應該是最適合運用於本案的方法之一，其與傳統法學方法的根本差異在於其本質為「修辭式推理」及「問題導向論證」。學理也認為，在論題學的各種觀點中，「結果」具有相當程度的重要性，所以本文介紹了學理上關於「結果考量」（後果考量)之論述，並建議其得與論題學結合運用。 / The method of applying general clauses is different from the method of applying other clauses due to general clauses are short of requisite elements. This Essay is discussing the methodology of materializing general clauses in jurisprudence and taking judicial review of the provisions in the credit card pre-formulated standard contracts for an example. There was a judicial judgment awarded the revolving interest clause in the credit card pre-formulated standard contracts violate good faith principle in Consumer Protection Act article 12, section 1. However, the judgment was abandoned by the High Court. Now, almost all the courts’ perspectives about the issue are the same as the High Court. In fact, the different outcomes of the two judgments resulted from the different “evaluations” of the case fact and the different legal methods used in the judgments. The observation inspire us: what is the meaning of the evaluation in the legal method? Is there any academic basis for the legal method used in the judgments? For “Jurisprudence of Evaluation”, evaluations are necessary when we applying provisions of the law. That is different from the traditional legal method. Although evaluations cannot be objective purely, Jurisprudence of Evaluation still requires evaluations as objective as possible. That’s why it’s necessary to improve the legal method to comply with the requirement. This essay also tries to use Larenz's legal method in the case mentioned before to figure out the shortcomings of the method and reflects on the advantages of “Legal Argumentation”. According to academic research, Legal Argumentation is helpful to objective evaluations. In several methods of Legal Argumentation, this essay takes up the position that “Topic Argument” should at least be one of the best to the case mentioned before. The radical difference between Topic Argument and traditional legal method is that the former's essential is “Rhetorical Inference” and “Problem-oriented Argument”. Besides, according to academic research, “consequence” is a quite important perspective when we use Topic Argument. Therefore, this essay introduces “Consequentialist Argument” and proposes it can be used with Topic Argument. 概括條款具體化法學方法誠信原則價值法學法律論證論題學（類觀點學）修辭學問題導向結果考量（後果考量） Materializing general clauses Methods of jurisprudence Good faith principle Jurisprudence of evaluation Legal argumentation Topic argument Rhetoric Problem-oriented argument Consequentialist argument
10	F. A. Hayek's Critique of Legislation Holm, Cyril January 2014 (has links) The dissertation concerns F. A. Hayek’s (1899–1992) critique of legislation. The purpose of the investigation is to clarify and assess that critique. I argue that there is in Hayek’s work a critique of legislation that is distinct from his well-known critique of social planning. Further that the main claim of this critique is what I refer to as Hayek’s legislation tenet, namely that legislation that aims to achieve specific aggregate results in complex orders of society will decrease the welfare level. The legislation tenet gains support; (i) from the welfare claim – according to which there is a positive correlation between the utilization of knowledge and the welfare level in society; (ii) from the dispersal of knowledge thesis – according to which the total knowledge of society is dispersed and not available to any one agency; and (iii) from the cultural evolution thesis – according to which evolutionary rules are more favorable to the utilization of knowledge in social cooperation than are legislative rules. More specifically, I argue that these form two lines of argument in support of the legislation tenet. One line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the dispersal of knowledge thesis. I argue that this line of argument is true. The other line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the cultural evolution thesis. I argue that this line of argument is false, mainly because the empirical work of political scientist Elinor Ostrom refutes it. Because the two lines of argument support the legislation tenet independently of each other, I argue that Hayek’s critique of legislation is true. In this dissertation, I further develop a legislative policy tool as based on the welfare claim and Hayek’s conception of coercion. I also consider Hayek’s idea that rules and law are instrumental in forging rational individual action and rational social orders, and turn to review this idea in light of the work of experimental economist Vernon Smith and economic historian Avner Greif. I find that Smith and Greif support this idea of Hayek’s, and I conjecture that it contributes to our understanding of Adam Smith’s notion of the invisible hand: It is rules – not an invisible hand – that prompt subjects to align individual and aggregate rationality in social interaction. Finally, I argue that Hayek’s critique is essentially utilitarian, as it is concerned with the negative welfare consequences of certain forms of legislation. And although it may appear that the dispersal of knowledge thesis will undermine the possibility of carrying out the utilitarian calculus, due to the lack of knowledge of the consequences of one’s actions – and therefore undermine the legislation tenet itself – I argue that the distinction between utilitarianism conceived as a method of deliberation and utilitarianism conceived as a criterion of correctness may be used to save Hayek’s critique from this objection. Hayek legislation rules law rationality rational action rational social order equilibrium utilitarianism method of deliberation criterion of correctness Elinor Ostrom Avner Greif Vernon Smith Joshua Epstein complexity knowledge social cooperation information know-how the Hayek problem the invisible hand Adam Smith Mises Keynes Marx welfare state Gilbert Ryle Michael Polanyi theory of legislation legisprudence jurisprudence Neo-Kantianism historicism cognitive closure theory of prices competition syntax grammar game theory generative social science agent-based computational modeling institutional policy analysis normative primacy of economics primacy of politics Sheri Berman constructivist rationalism socialism social democracy Nozick Rawls distribution justice freedom Kant polycentric government process of experimentation speculative philosophy analytical philosophy freedom under the law liberty philosophy of mind consequentialist

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