Inserido no campo da formação e das práticas profissionais na área da música, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apreender e compreender os modos de ser e agir na profissão, os valores, atitudes, interesses, destrezas e conhecimentos próprios da cultura profissional dos professores de violão. Para este propósito, é necessária a articulação de um conceito aberto de profissão, tendo como referência os trabalhos de Caria, Carrolo, Dubar e Franzoi. Nessa pesquisa foram entrevistados oito professores de violão, que exercem sua atividade em Porto Alegre/RS, cuja prática profissional varia de dois a vinte e cinco anos de experiência, e que atuam em espaços diversos, como escolas da rede de ensino, academias de música, casas dos alunos e em suas próprias residências. O material empírico foi colhido por intermédio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, baseadas em relatos orais temáticos e diários de campo. Dentre as principais conclusões, pode-se destacar o fato dos professores de violão constituírem um grupo social singular que compartilha aspectos de uma cultura profissional, que é transmitida no transcorrer da socialização profissional. Tal cultura é entendida como um processo contínuo, que se inicia nas primeiras aproximações com a atividade e se estende por toda a vida profissional - e é apropriada e reinventada por cada indivíduo na construção de sua identidade profissional. Diante da impossibilidade em se destacar traços generalizantes dos modos de ser e agir desses professores, devido à própria natureza da atividade desenvolvida pelos sujeitos investigados, a pesquisa limita-se a apontar tendências gerais que balizam sua cultura profissional. Dentre essas tendências destacam-se: a importância das redes na construção e manutenção dos nichos de atuação e transmissão da cultura profissional; o ensino focado nas expectativas e necessidades do público atendido; o poder de adaptabilidade e resposta às mais variadas demandas; tendência às regularidades na construção das trajetórias profissionais, mesmo dentro de sistemas aparentemente instáveis; modos de ser e agir que se contrapõem às representações sociais estigmatizantes de precariedade e improvisação associadas a essa prática profissional. Os resultados contribuem para um maior entendimento acerca da constituição das culturas profissionais dos professores de instrumento musical. / Within the field of training and professional practice in the music area, this paper aims to capture and understand the ways of being and acting in the profession, values, attitudes, interests, skills and knowledge of the professional culture of guitar teachers. For this purpose it is necessary to articulate an open concept of profession, with reference works of Caria, Carrolo, Dubar and Franzoi. In this research eight teachers of guitar that have their activity in Porto Alegre/RS were interviewed and whose professional practice varies from two to twenty-five years of experience, and that act in different spaces such as schools of education network, academies of music houses of students and in their own homes. The empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews, based on oral reports and field diary. Among the key findings, you can highlight the fact of guitar teachers are a natural social group that share aspects of a professional culture, which is transmitted in the phases of professional socialization. This culture is understood as a continuous process that begins in the first approximations with the activity and extends throughout life - and it is appropriate and reinvented by each individual in the construction of their professional identity. Facing the impossibility to highlight features that generalize the ways of being and acting of teachers, due to the nature of the activity performed by the subjects investigated, the search is limited to general trends indicating that sustains their professional culture. Among these trends are: the importance of networks in the construction and maintenance of niches of work and occupational transmission of culture, education focused on the needs and expectations of the public attended, the power of adaptability and response to the most varied demands, tend to regularities in the construction of professional paths, even in apparently unstable systems, ways of being and acting that is opposed to stigmatizing representations of social precariousness and improvisation associated with this practice. The results contribute to a better understanding about the formation of the professional cultures of teachers of musical instrument.

Inserido no campo da formação e das práticas profissionais na área da música, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apreender e compreender os modos de ser e agir na profissão, os valores, atitudes, interesses, destrezas e conhecimentos próprios da cultura profissional dos professores de violão. Para este propósito, é necessária a articulação de um conceito aberto de profissão, tendo como referência os trabalhos de Caria, Carrolo, Dubar e Franzoi. Nessa pesquisa foram entrevistados oito professores de violão, que exercem sua atividade em Porto Alegre/RS, cuja prática profissional varia de dois a vinte e cinco anos de experiência, e que atuam em espaços diversos, como escolas da rede de ensino, academias de música, casas dos alunos e em suas próprias residências. O material empírico foi colhido por intermédio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, baseadas em relatos orais temáticos e diários de campo. Dentre as principais conclusões, pode-se destacar o fato dos professores de violão constituírem um grupo social singular que compartilha aspectos de uma cultura profissional, que é transmitida no transcorrer da socialização profissional. Tal cultura é entendida como um processo contínuo, que se inicia nas primeiras aproximações com a atividade e se estende por toda a vida profissional - e é apropriada e reinventada por cada indivíduo na construção de sua identidade profissional. Diante da impossibilidade em se destacar traços generalizantes dos modos de ser e agir desses professores, devido à própria natureza da atividade desenvolvida pelos sujeitos investigados, a pesquisa limita-se a apontar tendências gerais que balizam sua cultura profissional. Dentre essas tendências destacam-se: a importância das redes na construção e manutenção dos nichos de atuação e transmissão da cultura profissional; o ensino focado nas expectativas e necessidades do público atendido; o poder de adaptabilidade e resposta às mais variadas demandas; tendência às regularidades na construção das trajetórias profissionais, mesmo dentro de sistemas aparentemente instáveis; modos de ser e agir que se contrapõem às representações sociais estigmatizantes de precariedade e improvisação associadas a essa prática profissional. Os resultados contribuem para um maior entendimento acerca da constituição das culturas profissionais dos professores de instrumento musical. / Within the field of training and professional practice in the music area, this paper aims to capture and understand the ways of being and acting in the profession, values, attitudes, interests, skills and knowledge of the professional culture of guitar teachers. For this purpose it is necessary to articulate an open concept of profession, with reference works of Caria, Carrolo, Dubar and Franzoi. In this research eight teachers of guitar that have their activity in Porto Alegre/RS were interviewed and whose professional practice varies from two to twenty-five years of experience, and that act in different spaces such as schools of education network, academies of music houses of students and in their own homes. The empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews, based on oral reports and field diary. Among the key findings, you can highlight the fact of guitar teachers are a natural social group that share aspects of a professional culture, which is transmitted in the phases of professional socialization. This culture is understood as a continuous process that begins in the first approximations with the activity and extends throughout life - and it is appropriate and reinvented by each individual in the construction of their professional identity. Facing the impossibility to highlight features that generalize the ways of being and acting of teachers, due to the nature of the activity performed by the subjects investigated, the search is limited to general trends indicating that sustains their professional culture. Among these trends are: the importance of networks in the construction and maintenance of niches of work and occupational transmission of culture, education focused on the needs and expectations of the public attended, the power of adaptability and response to the most varied demands, tend to regularities in the construction of professional paths, even in apparently unstable systems, ways of being and acting that is opposed to stigmatizing representations of social precariousness and improvisation associated with this practice. The results contribute to a better understanding about the formation of the professional cultures of teachers of musical instrument.

Inserido no campo da formação e das práticas profissionais na área da música, este trabalho tem o objetivo de apreender e compreender os modos de ser e agir na profissão, os valores, atitudes, interesses, destrezas e conhecimentos próprios da cultura profissional dos professores de violão. Para este propósito, é necessária a articulação de um conceito aberto de profissão, tendo como referência os trabalhos de Caria, Carrolo, Dubar e Franzoi. Nessa pesquisa foram entrevistados oito professores de violão, que exercem sua atividade em Porto Alegre/RS, cuja prática profissional varia de dois a vinte e cinco anos de experiência, e que atuam em espaços diversos, como escolas da rede de ensino, academias de música, casas dos alunos e em suas próprias residências. O material empírico foi colhido por intermédio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, baseadas em relatos orais temáticos e diários de campo. Dentre as principais conclusões, pode-se destacar o fato dos professores de violão constituírem um grupo social singular que compartilha aspectos de uma cultura profissional, que é transmitida no transcorrer da socialização profissional. Tal cultura é entendida como um processo contínuo, que se inicia nas primeiras aproximações com a atividade e se estende por toda a vida profissional - e é apropriada e reinventada por cada indivíduo na construção de sua identidade profissional. Diante da impossibilidade em se destacar traços generalizantes dos modos de ser e agir desses professores, devido à própria natureza da atividade desenvolvida pelos sujeitos investigados, a pesquisa limita-se a apontar tendências gerais que balizam sua cultura profissional. Dentre essas tendências destacam-se: a importância das redes na construção e manutenção dos nichos de atuação e transmissão da cultura profissional; o ensino focado nas expectativas e necessidades do público atendido; o poder de adaptabilidade e resposta às mais variadas demandas; tendência às regularidades na construção das trajetórias profissionais, mesmo dentro de sistemas aparentemente instáveis; modos de ser e agir que se contrapõem às representações sociais estigmatizantes de precariedade e improvisação associadas a essa prática profissional. Os resultados contribuem para um maior entendimento acerca da constituição das culturas profissionais dos professores de instrumento musical. / Within the field of training and professional practice in the music area, this paper aims to capture and understand the ways of being and acting in the profession, values, attitudes, interests, skills and knowledge of the professional culture of guitar teachers. For this purpose it is necessary to articulate an open concept of profession, with reference works of Caria, Carrolo, Dubar and Franzoi. In this research eight teachers of guitar that have their activity in Porto Alegre/RS were interviewed and whose professional practice varies from two to twenty-five years of experience, and that act in different spaces such as schools of education network, academies of music houses of students and in their own homes. The empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews, based on oral reports and field diary. Among the key findings, you can highlight the fact of guitar teachers are a natural social group that share aspects of a professional culture, which is transmitted in the phases of professional socialization. This culture is understood as a continuous process that begins in the first approximations with the activity and extends throughout life - and it is appropriate and reinvented by each individual in the construction of their professional identity. Facing the impossibility to highlight features that generalize the ways of being and acting of teachers, due to the nature of the activity performed by the subjects investigated, the search is limited to general trends indicating that sustains their professional culture. Among these trends are: the importance of networks in the construction and maintenance of niches of work and occupational transmission of culture, education focused on the needs and expectations of the public attended, the power of adaptability and response to the most varied demands, tend to regularities in the construction of professional paths, even in apparently unstable systems, ways of being and acting that is opposed to stigmatizing representations of social precariousness and improvisation associated with this practice. The results contribute to a better understanding about the formation of the professional cultures of teachers of musical instrument.

This thesis explores the professional discretion in relation to national inspections by focussing on the Swedish national school inspection (SNSI) and how the inspections made can affect the professional discretion. During the last decades the Swedish welfare sector has gone through a remarkable shift towards using new public management (NPM) reforms, implementing market solutions with the aim to increase cost efficiency and quality. These reforms have caused a huge impact on the education system in Sweden, such as the privatisation of schools and shifting responsibility from the state to the local municipalities. The development of the NPM has also increased the auditing in order to assure that welfare service produces high quality services, where national inspection has been an increasingly popular method of auditing. Extensive research studying the relationship between auditing and de-professionalization is available and many argue that auditing decrease the professional discretion. Despite the research, there is an empirical gap to how national inspection affects professional discretion. This is surprising as national inspections at least theoretically should be able to both undermine and support professional discretion. The controlling inspection type can from this view be argued to undermine professional influence by using top-down steering not considering professional knowledge and experience. The supporting inspection type uses more bottom-up strategies in dialogue with the professions and can theoretically thus be seen as more supporting of professionalism. The aim of this thesis is to initiate the bridging of this gap by analysing the SNSI different inspection types in relation to professional discretion. The results of the study suggest that the SNSI uses two controlling type of inspections as well as one new supporting type of inspection. The supporting inspection type is found to undermine professional discretion, while the two different controlling inspections both support and undermine the professional discretion depending on how the inspection is conducted. This gives evidence to how a supporting inspection type actually can undermine professional discretion more than the controlling inspection types.

This study is about the school teachers’ positions in contemporary Swedish society. In order to grasp the social characteristics of their profession and its transformations it has been important to conduct thorough analyses of the recruitment of teacher students and the recruitment to the teaching professions. The explanations to the findings are mainly based on analyses of how different kinds of assets – such as for example cultural capital and educational capital – are distributed among the students and within the school teacher corps. The data material consists of individual based statistic of all teachers 1978–2008 and all students enrolled in higher education 1977–2009, and of interviews with teachers and students. Regarding theory and methods, the study belongs to the sociological tradition founded by Pierre Bourdieu, which means that capital, strategies and social space are key concepts. The statistical techniques employed comprise mainly of different variants of correspondence analysis as well as logistic regression. As shown in the first part of the thesis an increasing share of the teacher students possess small amounts of acquired school capital, as well as weak resources inherited from their parental home. This change has been especially noticeable within the programmes educating upper secondary school teachers. In the second part, the focus is on the social positions of those upper secondary teachers. The correspondence analyses indicate a cleavage within the profession based on the teachers’ qualification and merits. Teachers richer in educational capital tend to occupy more stable professional positions and are also overrepresented at schools where the pupils feature significant educational and social assets, which in turn further contributes to the density of educational capital. One of the main results is that school teachers have been exposed to two partly opposing processes during the past decades. On the one hand, there has been increasing homogeneity, namely convergences between the employment conditions of different categories of school teachers and between different teacher education programmes. On the other hand, the social divergences within the profession tend to widen. Those gaps have increased over time because of the more differentiated school system and changes in recruitment patterns.

The purpose of this study is to get hold on the different perceptions preschool teachers have about their own profession. We have noticed that there are many studies about the profession of preschool teachers according to scientists and students who study to be preschool teachers, but there are not so many studies where the preschool teachers themselves give their point of view. To get a grip of the preschool teachers perceptions we use a phenomenographic perspective as point of departure. The empirical material consists of qualitive interviews with seven preschool teachers. The results of the study show that the preschool teachers view their profession in very different ways. We have categorized these perceptions into three main categories and nine subcategories: Leadership, responsibility, communication and power Child focus, presence, teaching and security Competence, development, work experience and knowledge of theory / Syftet med den här studien är att uppmärksamma verksamma förskollärares olika föreställningar kring sin yrkesroll. Vi har uppmärksammat att det finns många studier kring vad förskollärarens roll är enligt olika verksamma, till exempel forskare, förskollärarstudenter och andra verksamma inom förskolan men vi saknar fler röster från de som verkligen utför yrket själva, förskollärarna. För att få syn på dessa föreställningar kommer vi använda oss av ett fenomenografiskt perspektiv där vi intervjuar sju förskollärare med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer. Efter intervjuerna har vi genom transkribering och analysering fått fram tre olika beskrivningskategorier med sammanlagt nio underkategorier där förskollärarnas föreställningar har blivit synliga. Ledarskap, ansvar, kommunikation och makt Barnfokus, närvaro, undervisning och trygghet Kompetens, utveckling, arbetslivserfarenhet och litterärkunskap

Concern over teacher shortages has become a perplexing and persistent problem in schools. Teachers are constantly leaving the profession and new entrants into the teaching profession have decreased in recent years, creating a need for recruiting qualified individuals to become teachers and to retain those who are already in classrooms. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that best predict whether high school students are considering teaching as a career and factors that predict whether students' parents would encourage their children to become teachers. A review of the literature revealed potentially influential factors on teacher recruitment and a survey instrument was developed using those factors. All 41 school districts in Utah were invited to participate, with 9 giving permission to administer surveys to parents and juniors and seniors in high school. In all, 285 high school juniors and seniors and 495 parent surveys were analyzed. The survey of high school juniors and seniors focused on two research questions: 1) which factors predict whether high school students are willing to consider teaching as a career and 2) which factors predict whether high school students feel teaching is the best career option for them? Results indicated that high school students were more likely to consider teaching when they had confidence in their ability to be good teachers, when family members and others outside their families encouraged them to become teachers, and when they felt their community supported teachers. The survey of parents addressed two research questions: 1) what factors predict whether parents will encourage their children to consider becoming a teacher, and 2) which factors predict whether parents believe teaching would be the best career option for their children? The results of the analysis indicated 4 factors that are statistically predictive of a parent's willingness to encourage their children to consider teaching. Parents are more likely to encourage their children to become teachers when people outside the family had encouraged the children to teach, if the parents believed their child would be a good teacher, and if parents thought that expectations placed on teachers were reasonable. Results also showed, however, that when considering other professions, parents were much less likely to encourage their children to become teachers in favor of other professions.

Current research show challenges in teacher recruitment as well as challenges in schooloperations with regard to high staff turnover. Part of the development work of the schools isprimarily to ensure that the organization is doing well. Not least in order to be able to conductsuccessful development work, but also to get teachers to appreciate their work, be motivatedin it and want to stay for a long time in their profession. The study aims to analyze how theprovision of skills is conducted with the aim of reducing staff turnover in the teachingprofession. The method used is of a qualitative nature with emphasis on interviews. The resultshows that all respondents emphasize the importance of good leadership and that managerswithin the profession bear the main responsibility for creating inclusive learning environmentsthat provide the right conditions for well-being and organizational development. The study'sconclusion is that the opportunities for knowledge and skills development within the schoolcontribute to less staff turnover it would therefore, be interesting to compare the two differenttypes of resources, the knowledge and competence that is needed to create an inclusivelearning environment along with good leadership, that enable this development / Tidigare forskning pekar på utmaningar i lärarrekryteringen samt utmaningar inomskolverksamheter med avseende till hög personalomsättning. En del i skolornasutvecklingsarbete är framförallt att se till att organisationen mår bra. Inte minst för att kunnabedriva ett framgångsrikt utvecklingsarbete men också för att få lärare att uppskatta sitt arbete,motiveras i det samt vilja stanna länge inom professionen. Studien avser undersöka hurkunskap samt kompetensförsörjningen bedrivs med syfte att minska personalomsättningeninom läraryrket i grundskolan. Metoden som används är av kvalitativ natur med tonvikt påintervjuer. Resultatet visar att samtliga respondenter betonar vikten av ett gott ledarskap ochatt chefer inom verksamheten bär huvudansvaret för att skapa inkluderande lärmiljöer som gerrätt förutsättningar för trivsel och organisationsutveckling. Studiens slutsats visar attmöjligheterna till kunskap och kompetensutveckling inom skolan bidrar till mindrepersonalomsättning. För vidare forskning vore det av intresse att jämföra de två olika typernaav resurser, dvs. den kompetens som krävs för att skapa inkluderande lärandemiljöer samt detgoda ledarskapet, som möjliggör denna utveckling

The aim of the study is to increase the knowledge of primary school teacher´s perceptions of collaboration between preschool and school and the profession of preschool teacher. in order to achieve our purpose, we have contucted qualitative semi-structured group interviews. The primary school teacher´s answers were recorded, transcribed, categorized and compiled. A socio-cultural approach were used in order to notice  the teacher´s negotations, meaning making and understanding of how they constructed knowledge interacting with each other. The result of the study shows various perceptions. For example, that safety and security in transitions is important for both children, guardians and theacher´s for various reasons. The result show, what promotes and what hinders collaboration between preschool and school. The primary school sees it as desirable that the preschool works whit social competences in front of teaching, which means that an ideal preschool teacher is safe, creative and creates a plesureble learning. The most important conclusion og the study is that the preschool and the school are defined as two different cultural spaces whit separate views, approaches, traditions and working methods. Insufficient transparency in each other´s proffesions, forms the basis for collusions collapses. Knowledge about this contributes to the preschool teachers given prerequisite that enable them to meet primary school teachers on a common platform.

Submitted by Márcio Maia (marciokjmaia@gmail.com) on 2016-08-15T22:30:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9121621 bytes, checksum: 01275d1fa027b6794dc9bfc66ac8eb4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T22:30:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 9121621 bytes, checksum: 01275d1fa027b6794dc9bfc66ac8eb4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / At teacher life histories, the teachers figure has highlight, being research object for studies about the teacher profession. At this dissertation, the life history of teacher Mário Moacyr Porto is an information source that searches a reflection about the form of teacher professional identify and its educative practices at the form-research perspective. At the performed effort to rebuild this history, was necessary to use the bibliographical gender, differently to the epical narration of historical characters, but establishing a dialogical parallel between the subject and the context that he is placed. In this challenge of finding methodological ways for the historiography, the New Cultural History shows as a movement that bring the cultural aspects as meeting possibility with new objects, sources and methodologies, that let to access new views of History investigation. Starting with the qualitative study of the teacher life trajectory uncovering, in the union between history and memory, by the Oral History was possible to infer about meaning educative aspects at the Paraíba’s Education History. Constitutes objective of the research to analyze the teacher life history of Mário Moacyr Porto, verifying his paper at the Paraíba’s juridical culture build, knowing his active participation in the intellectual militarism, practice that searches the justice establishment, fundamental rights lien, foment and dissemination of democratic ideals. His participation was found in important moments at the educational setting, being involved with the fight of the Law College implantation, the University of Paraíba federalization and the elaboration and teaching of the 1st subject of Civil Law, corroborating to the juridical-educational form of Paraíba. / Em histórias de vida professoral, a figura do professor ganha destaque, se constituindo objeto de pesquisa em favor de estudos sobre a profissão docente. Neste trabalho dissertativo, a história de vida do professor Mário Moacyr Porto se apresenta como fonte de informações que buscam a reflexão acerca da formação da identidade profissional docente e suas práticas educativas na perspectiva da pesquisa-formação. No esforço que empenhamos em reconstituir essa história, foi necessário recorrermos ao gênero biográfico, não mais como narração épica de personagens heroicos, mas estabelecendo um paralelo dialógico entre o sujeito e o contexto em que está situado. Neste desafio de encontrar caminhos metodológicos para a historiografia, a Nova História Cultural se mostra enquanto movimento que traz os aspectos culturais como possibilidade de encontro com novos objetos, fontes e metodologias, que permitem acesso a novas vertentes de investigação da História. Ao partir do estudo qualitativo de desvelamento da trajetória de vida professoral, no entrelaçamento entre história e memória, por meio da História oral é que nos foi permitido inferir sobre aspectos educacionais significativos na História da educação paraibana. Constitui objetivo da pesquisa, analisar a História de vida professoral de Mário Moacyr Porto, verificando o papel desempenhado por ele na construção da cultura jurídica paraibana, a saber, da sua participação ativa no militarismo intelectual, prática que buscava o estabelecimento da justiça, garantia dos direitos fundamentais, fomento e disseminação dos ideais democráticos. Encontramos sua participação em momentos importantes no cenário educacional, ao se envolver na luta pela implantação da Faculdade de Direito, federalização da Universidade da Paraíba e a elaboração e ensino da 1ª cadeira de Direito civil, corroborando para a formação educacional - jurídica da Paraíba.