Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laurentino Lucio Filho.pdf: 408816 bytes, checksum: d5b57ed0c6687dfe9b13b3ec1b5d0384 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / This research deals with the proposal of the incorporation of new information and communication technologies - NICTs - in higher education, is based on the improvement of teaching quality by simplifying complex tasks, reducing the distance and hence the time, thus improving work efficiency. At first glance, the contact of the actors with the NTICs in this process often reveals itself without the existence of an inclusive methodology because the action of these technologies by higher education institutions seems to result only on attempts to adapt to social demands and marketing in new contexts produced by the digital revolution, making this very misshapen inclusive process, and in turn, limiting the positive effect on the results. This paper discusses the process of incorporating technologies in higher education, seeking to evaluate the reconciliation of traditional methodologies and aspects of their current transformations, hoping to offer subsidies for understanding which are currently the challenges experienced in higher education and how the IES have sought to address them, outlining roughly the current profiles of its actors. To develop this work we chose to use the theories and methodologies of researches carried out by Manuel Castells (2013), Pierre Levy (2010), John B. Thompson (2014). These were accompanied by researches in the areas of philosophy education, especially Edgar Morin (2013) and Maurice Tardif (2011), supplemented by extensive bibliography with ancillary issues. The extensive bibliography that we used helped us to develop a critical reflection on the challenges that are present in high education, particularly in Brazil, and from that reflection, brought up proposals formulated by authors who are researching on the same line of this work, proposals which are healthy and able to respond to the main current challenges. The research's results before of the higher education challenges has been identified that the crisis experienced by the institutions have as factors: the transition between institutional and emerging models. Furthermore, technological training or specialization of education professionals have been occurring through fragmented and diffuse modules, which makes the application of computer-mediated communication decontextualized with learning object. Finally, it presents as a diagnostic to overcome these challenges, the need to define the teach model, based on education reforms that combine linear thought with complex thought, making possible the identification of the new profiles that the institution and teacher may to have in the society / Esta pesquisa trata da proposta da incorporação das novas tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação NTICs no ensino superior, tem por base a melhoria da qualidade pedagógica ao simplificar tarefas complexas, reduzir a distância e consequentemente o tempo, melhorando assim a eficiência do trabalho. A primeira vista, o contato dos atores com as NTICs nesse processo, revela-se muitas vezes sem a existência de uma metodologia inclusiva, pois a ação incorporadora dessas tecnologias pelas instituições de ensino superior parece decorrer apenas de tentativas para adaptar-se às exigências sociais e mercadológicas nos novos contextos produzidos pela revolução digital, tornando esse processo inclusivo muito disforme, e, por sua vez, limitando os efeitos positivos nos resultados. O presente trabalho pretende analisar os processos de incorporação das tecnologias no ensino superior, buscando avaliar a conciliação das metodologias tradicionais e os aspectos de suas transformações atuais, esperando oferecer subsídios para a compreensão de quais os desafios vivenciados atualmente no ensino superior e de que forma as IES têm buscado enfrentá-los, esboçando grosso modo, os perfis atuais de seus atores. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho optamos por utilizar como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, aproveitando os estudos e pesquisas realizados por Manuel Castells (2013), Pierre Lévy (2010), John B. Thompson (2014), analisados conjuntamente com as pesquisas nas áreas da filosofia da educação, em especial Edgar Morin (2013) e Maurice Tardif (2011), complementados por ampla bibliografia com temas auxiliares. A extensa bibliografia de que fizemos uso nos auxiliou a desenvolver uma reflexão crítica sobre os desafios que hoje se apresentam ao ensino superior, particularmente no Brasil, e, a partir dessa reflexão, trazer à baila propostas formuladas por autores que estão pesquisando na mesma linha deste trabalho, propostas estas saudáveis e capazes de responder aos principais desafios vigentes. Os resultados da pesquisa diante dos desafios do ensino superior, identificaram que a crise vivenciada pelas instituições de ensino têm como fatores: a transição entre os modelos institucionais e emergentes. Além disso, a formação tecnológica ou especializações dos profissionais da educação ocorrem através de módulos fragmentados e difusos, o que torna a aplicação da comunicação mediada por computador descontextualizada com o objeto de aprendizagem. Por fim, apresenta como como diagnóstico para superar esses desafios, a necessidade de se definir o modelo de ensino, baseando-se nas reformas da educação que articulem o pensamento linear com o pensamento complexo, possibilitando com isso a identificação dos novos perfis que a instituição e o professor devem ocupar na sociedade

Views of teaching: implications for the didactic training of mathematics teachers. School mathematics teaching is an essential learning area in South African schools. Owing to persistent traditional positivist-based views and approaches, it still suffers from a variety of teaching-learning problems. Various national attempts have already been made to develop an effective teaching-learning program for school mathematics. Prominent researchers reveal that the failure of teaching-learning programmes often have to be attributed to the lack of an underlying grounded didactic theory. Therefore this study focused on the development of a grounded teaching-theoretical framework for school mathematics teaching. A further problem regarding school mathematics is that its teaching and learning traditionally are viewed from a narrow school subject disciplinary perspective. Therefore this study departed from a general didactic-theoretical perspective, creating the opportunity to approach and solve problems from a wider angle. A constructivist-based post-positivist view of effective teaching was developed, before entering the field of school mathematics. In this way an integrated ontologicalcontextual view of teaching was developed in terms of six identified ontological essential features, and their contextual coherence, namely: intention, teacher, leamer, interaction, content and context. Contrary to traditional positivist views, no causal relationship between teaching and learning was imposed, and teaching was not qualified in terms of learning products. Instead, teaching was characterised and qualified on ontological grounds, departing from the phenomenon itself. In this way the limitations of positivist process-product views of teaching could be identified, explained and overcome. Alternatively, a dynamic integrated view of teaching as a human act, directed at the facilitation of relevant and meaningful learning, was grounded and developed. Based on this general ontological-contextually based view, a specific ontologicalcontextual view of effective school mathematics teaching was grounded and developed. To this end a variety of prominent contemporary views of and approaches to school mathematics, and its teaching and learning, needed to be analysed in a critical way. According to this analysis school mathematics, and its teaching and learning should be viewed and approached from a constructivist-based dynamic change-and-grow perspective as human acts. In addition, it could have been proved that the perspective concerned can facilitate the treatment and solving of the currently experienced teaching-learning problems. This requires the reconsideration, from a similar perspective, of the current school mathematics curriculum, as well as the preservice didactic training of mathematics teachers. Specific implications of the developed ontological-contextual view of effective school mathematics teaching were identified, and practically tested in the corresponding preservice didactic training situation in the North West Province. Based on this an integrated model for the training concerned was formulated. It was found that the current training largely contributed to the continuation of traditional views of and approaches to school mathematics teaching, and its essential features. From the developed integrated ontological-contextual perspective definitive proposals regarding the transformation of school mathematics teaching and the corresponding didactic training were made and motivated. Further areas for investigation and development, resulting from this study, were identified, as well. This study aimed at investigating, and revealing for further exploration, the specific and broadening interaction between the general teaching and subject didactical fields and research, particularly in the two contexts of effective school mathematics teaching and the corresponding preservice didactical training. A particular attempt was made to accomplish this in a grounded and integrated way, to the benefit of both fields. / Thesis (PhD)--PU for CHE, 1998.

In this study, the integration of technology in education and the application of action learning as a teaching strategy, are investigated through a literature study and with empirical research. The purpose is to develop a teaching model wherein technology can be effectively incorporated for the offering of the subject Information Systems (IS). The study also focuses on the nature and scope of the subject Information Systems, as well as the status concerning the subject Information Systems at Technikons in South Africa. Knowledge regarding technology quickly becomes obsolete and therefore IS-learners should have the means and skills to keep abreast of advances in technology. IS-learners not only need subject oriented knowledge, but also personal skills that are known as critical cross field outcomes in the new educational paradigm. The establishment of the National Qualification framework, led to an academic initiative that is based on transparent national standards and clear descriptions of learning outcomes. For higher education institutions in South Africa the implication was that all curricula of subjects, including Information Systems, had to be rewritten in terms of outcomes. Specialisation is essential for the Information System qualification, as it became apparent that information system applications and demands from industry are becoming specialised. In 1999 the IS-qualification was adjusted to provide for specialisation areas at Technikons in South Africa. Action learning integrates the theories and characteristics of several disciplines, amongst others, education, psychology, systems thinking, political science, ethics, anthropology and sociology. During the process of action learning, knowledge must be constructed by asking questions, processing information and applying the newly acquired knowledge. Links must be established between new knowledge and pre-knowledge. Action learning attempts to integrate the elements of knowledge, insight and practice, and states that there can be no learning without action and that no purposeful action can take place without learning, while the solving of a problem influences both the problem and the person that acts on the problem. Action learning satisfies all the requirements needed to address the knowledge, values, skills and behaviour that IS-learners should adhere to. Action learning stimulates the development of cognitive skills that are essential for the training ofiS-learners. The different types of information systems that are found in organisations are not isolated systems, but rather integrated systems that collaborate in order to support a business function. IS-learners should not only understand the development, but also the integration and implementation of these systems. From this it becomes apparent that action learning is a suitable teaching strategy for IS-learners. The classification of educational technology as well as a framework for the implementation thereof, is discussed in the study. According to the literature study and from results obtained from the empirical research, a teaching model is proposed that consists of the following three components: • Determinants that influence the teaching and learning scenario. These determinants include the National Qualification framework industry; technology infrastructure; institutional policy and outcomes based education. • The didactic triangle, in which the distinct roles of the learners (that can act as facilitators during action learning) and educators are discussed, as well as the outcomes for the subject Information Systems. • Action learning and the utilisation of technology as the teaching strategy within the proposed model. The proposed action learning and technology teaching model promotes a learner-centred approach and focuses on learning outcomes, rather than learning contents. The proposed model empowers learners as well as educators and makes provision for the use of technology within the financial constraints of institutions. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

In this study, the integration of technology in education and the application of action learning as a teaching strategy, are investigated through a literature study and with empirical research. The purpose is to develop a teaching model wherein technology can be effectively incorporated for the offering of the subject Information Systems (IS). The study also focuses on the nature and scope of the subject Information Systems, as well as the status concerning the subject Information Systems at Technikons in South Africa. Knowledge regarding technology quickly becomes obsolete and therefore IS-learners should have the means and skills to keep abreast of advances in technology. IS-learners not only need subject oriented knowledge, but also personal skills that are known as critical cross field outcomes in the new educational paradigm. The establishment of the National Qualification framework, led to an academic initiative that is based on transparent national standards and clear descriptions of learning outcomes. For higher education institutions in South Africa the implication was that all curricula of subjects, including Information Systems, had to be rewritten in terms of outcomes. Specialisation is essential for the Information System qualification, as it became apparent that information system applications and demands from industry are becoming specialised. In 1999 the IS-qualification was adjusted to provide for specialisation areas at Technikons in South Africa. Action learning integrates the theories and characteristics of several disciplines, amongst others, education, psychology, systems thinking, political science, ethics, anthropology and sociology. During the process of action learning, knowledge must be constructed by asking questions, processing information and applying the newly acquired knowledge. Links must be established between new knowledge and pre-knowledge. Action learning attempts to integrate the elements of knowledge, insight and practice, and states that there can be no learning without action and that no purposeful action can take place without learning, while the solving of a problem influences both the problem and the person that acts on the problem. Action learning satisfies all the requirements needed to address the knowledge, values, skills and behaviour that IS-learners should adhere to. Action learning stimulates the development of cognitive skills that are essential for the training ofiS-learners. The different types of information systems that are found in organisations are not isolated systems, but rather integrated systems that collaborate in order to support a business function. IS-learners should not only understand the development, but also the integration and implementation of these systems. From this it becomes apparent that action learning is a suitable teaching strategy for IS-learners. The classification of educational technology as well as a framework for the implementation thereof, is discussed in the study. According to the literature study and from results obtained from the empirical research, a teaching model is proposed that consists of the following three components: • Determinants that influence the teaching and learning scenario. These determinants include the National Qualification framework industry; technology infrastructure; institutional policy and outcomes based education. • The didactic triangle, in which the distinct roles of the learners (that can act as facilitators during action learning) and educators are discussed, as well as the outcomes for the subject Information Systems. • Action learning and the utilisation of technology as the teaching strategy within the proposed model. The proposed action learning and technology teaching model promotes a learner-centred approach and focuses on learning outcomes, rather than learning contents. The proposed model empowers learners as well as educators and makes provision for the use of technology within the financial constraints of institutions. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

Views of teaching: implications for the didactic training of mathematics teachers. School mathematics teaching is an essential learning area in South African schools. Owing to persistent traditional positivist-based views and approaches, it still suffers from a variety of teaching-learning problems. Various national attempts have already been made to develop an effective teaching-learning program for school mathematics. Prominent researchers reveal that the failure of teaching-learning programmes often have to be attributed to the lack of an underlying grounded didactic theory. Therefore this study focused on the development of a grounded teaching-theoretical framework for school mathematics teaching. A further problem regarding school mathematics is that its teaching and learning traditionally are viewed from a narrow school subject disciplinary perspective. Therefore this study departed from a general didactic-theoretical perspective, creating the opportunity to approach and solve problems from a wider angle. A constructivist-based post-positivist view of effective teaching was developed, before entering the field of school mathematics. In this way an integrated ontologicalcontextual view of teaching was developed in terms of six identified ontological essential features, and their contextual coherence, namely: intention, teacher, leamer, interaction, content and context. Contrary to traditional positivist views, no causal relationship between teaching and learning was imposed, and teaching was not qualified in terms of learning products. Instead, teaching was characterised and qualified on ontological grounds, departing from the phenomenon itself. In this way the limitations of positivist process-product views of teaching could be identified, explained and overcome. Alternatively, a dynamic integrated view of teaching as a human act, directed at the facilitation of relevant and meaningful learning, was grounded and developed. Based on this general ontological-contextually based view, a specific ontologicalcontextual view of effective school mathematics teaching was grounded and developed. To this end a variety of prominent contemporary views of and approaches to school mathematics, and its teaching and learning, needed to be analysed in a critical way. According to this analysis school mathematics, and its teaching and learning should be viewed and approached from a constructivist-based dynamic change-and-grow perspective as human acts. In addition, it could have been proved that the perspective concerned can facilitate the treatment and solving of the currently experienced teaching-learning problems. This requires the reconsideration, from a similar perspective, of the current school mathematics curriculum, as well as the preservice didactic training of mathematics teachers. Specific implications of the developed ontological-contextual view of effective school mathematics teaching were identified, and practically tested in the corresponding preservice didactic training situation in the North West Province. Based on this an integrated model for the training concerned was formulated. It was found that the current training largely contributed to the continuation of traditional views of and approaches to school mathematics teaching, and its essential features. From the developed integrated ontological-contextual perspective definitive proposals regarding the transformation of school mathematics teaching and the corresponding didactic training were made and motivated. Further areas for investigation and development, resulting from this study, were identified, as well. This study aimed at investigating, and revealing for further exploration, the specific and broadening interaction between the general teaching and subject didactical fields and research, particularly in the two contexts of effective school mathematics teaching and the corresponding preservice didactical training. A particular attempt was made to accomplish this in a grounded and integrated way, to the benefit of both fields. / Thesis (PhD)--PU for CHE, 1998.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The research regarding the learning of genetics is an important theme within the area of of Biology teaching, because it involves the discussion about forms of apprenticeship and difficulties in understanding and relating abstract concepts that proceed from different areas. Due to the necessity of investigating the main difficulties of the students in relation to the learning of genetics, this work had as objective to develop a teaching model which might facilitate genetics' learning and the demonstration of the correlation between genotype and phenotype, besides the analysis of the auxiliary resources present in teaching books. The research utilized qualitative and quantitative approaches using as collection instrument a questionnaire for the general characterization of the group and the comparison of pre and post-tests applied. Seventy three students, enrolled in the second year of high school in a public school of Santa Maria, RS, took part in the research. The tests were elaborated with questions that encompassed contents related to genetics. The teaching model was used in the period between the application of the pre and post tests. The analysis of the pre-test showed that the main questions were related to the identification of the chromosome structure, genes and DNA; relations between genotype and phenotype; the identification of genealogies and calculation of probabilities, concepts and karyotype. After the use of the teaching model it could be observed that it was efficient for the learning of issues as chromosome structures, genotype-phenotype interaction and karyotype, confirming that that the use of different models and practices of teaching are important tools for the consolidation of learning. The analysis of the teaching books showed that pictures were the resource present more often, while resources like cartoons and indication of sites were present in only one of the seven books. Therefore, the analysis of teaching books is important, because they are a source of learning and of conceiving for the students, and they must have teaching resources, like the indication of sites and didactic models to aid in learning. / A pesquisa com relação à aprendizagem de genética é importante tema dentro da área de ensino de biologia, pois envolve a discussão sobre formas de aprendizado e dificuldades em compreender e relacionar conceitos abstratos e oriundos de diferentes áreas. Devido à necessidade de investigação sobre as principais dificuldades dos alunos com relação à aprendizagem de genética, este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo didático que facilitasse a aprendizagem de genética e a demonstração da correlação entre genótipo e fenótipo além da análise dos recursos auxiliares presentes nos livros didáticos. A pesquisa utilizou as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa utilizando como instrumento de coleta um questionário para a caracterização geral do grupo e a comparação das questões do pré e pós-teste utilizados. Participaram da pesquisa 73 alunos matriculados no segundo ano do ensino médio em uma escola pública de Santa Maria, RS. Os testes foram formulados com questões que englobavam conteúdos relacionados à genética. No período entre a aplicação dos testes foi utilizado o modelo didático. A análise do pré-teste mostrou que as principais dúvidas estavam relacionadas à identificação da estrutura cromossômica, genes e DNA; relações entre genótipo e fenótipo; identificação de genealogias e cálculos de probabilidade, conceitos e cariótipo. Após o uso do modelo didático observou-se que o mesmo foi eficiente com relação aos grupos relacionados às estruturas cromossômicas, interação genótipo e fenótipo e cariótipo, confirmando que o uso de modelos e práticas diferenciais de ensino são ferramentas importantes para a consolidação do aprendizado. A análise dos livros didáticos mostrou que o recurso presente com mais frequência foram as figuras, sendo que recursos como charges e indicação de sites esteve presente em apenas um dos sete livros. Assim, é importante a análise dos livros didáticos, pois os mesmos são fonte de aprendizagem e de concepções para os estudantes e devem apresentar recursos pedagógicos, como a indicação de sites e modelos didáticos para auxiliar na aprendizagem.

A presente pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de conhecer as visões e práticas sobre o conceito de transformações químicas apresentadas por professores que trabalham ensinando Ciências para o 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, tendo sido desenvolvida em torno de três eixos: o conceito de transformações químicas que os professores revelam; suas visões do ensino desse conceito e o modelo didático que apresentam. A hipótese que norteou a pesquisa é a de que a maioria dos professores de Ciências apresenta uma visão do conceito de transformações químicas incompleto, restrito a alguns aspectos conceituais e com uma prática permeada pelo modelo tradicional de ensino. A pesquisa, com princípios de metodologia qualitativa, foi realizada em duas etapas, com professores que trabalham ensinando ciências, enquanto participaram de atividades de formação continuada oferecidas pela pesquisadora: a primeira junto a 9 professores da cidade J e a segunda junto a 14 professores da cidade G. Para identificar o modelo didático foi utilizado o instrumento descrito na literatura, enquanto que as visões e práticas foram identificadas por meio de questões elaboradas para esse fim. A partir das ideias manifestadas pelos professores foram construídas categorias de análise em relação a cada eixo da pesquisa. O modelo didático foi categorizado em relação ao hibridismo e ao grau de coerência; as categorias para a análise do conceito de transformações químicas emergiram dos aspectos macroscópicos, submicroscópicos e representacionais enquanto que para a análise da prática utilizou-se o modelo didático, os aspectos conceituais e a amplitude conceitual. Identificamos, nas respostas dos professores participantes, modelos didáticos pessoais híbridos e incoerentes, diversas lacunas e concepções alternativas sobre o conceito de transformações químicas e uma prática tradicional de ensino, manifestada tanto pela sequência quanto pela abordagem dos conteúdos. De acordo com os resultados desta pesquisa, aqueles professores que apresentam níveis conceituais mais altos parecem estar mais suscetíveis à evolução do modelo didático, de um modelo pertencente ao paradigma tradicional, até um modelo pertencente ao paradigma construtivista. Estes resultados sugerem a necessidade de investimento em atividades de formação continuada, preparados para que os professores participem, ativamente, de grupos nos quais possam refletir sobre seus conceitos e suas práticas. / This recent research was be realized with the objective to know the vision and practices about the concept of chemical\'s transformations make by teachers that teach science to students of the ninth level of the high school. This research was being developed around three axes: the concept of chemical\'s transformations revealed by the teachers; you visions about teaching of this concept and the teaching model showed. The hypothesis that guided this research is that the majority of science\'s teachers have one incomplete vision of the concept of chemical\'s transformations, limited just a same conceptual aspects and with one practice based in the traditional model. This research, with the principles of qualitative methodology, was realized in two steps, with teachers that work teaching science while participating of activities of continuing teacher training proposed by the researcher: the first with 9 teachers of the city J and the second, with 14 teachers of the city G. To identify the teaching model, was used one instrument described in the literature; while visions and practices were identify by means of questions prepared for this purpose. Based on the ideas expressed by the teachers were construed categories of analysis in relation to each research\'s axes. The didactic model was categorized in relation to hybridity and the degree of coherence; the categories for analysis of the concept of chemical\'s transformations emerged from the aspects macroscopic, submicroscopic and representational whereas for the practical\'s analysis was used the teaching model, the conceptual aspects and conceptual breadth. We are identified into this answers of the participating teachers, hybrid and incoherent in personal didactics models, many gaps and alternatives concepts about the concept of chemical\'s transformations and one traditional practice of teach, manifested by both the sequence and by addressing the content. According to the results of this research, those teachers that showed highest conceptual level show are more susceptible to the evolution of the teaching model, of a model belonging to the traditional paradigm until model belonging to the constructivist paradigm. These results suggest the necessity of more investments in activities of continuing teacher training prepared for teachers to participate actively in the groups in which they can reflect on their concepts and practices.

A synopsis of the importance and the nature of reading serve as the point of departure for this study. The pupils involved are learning restrained as well as A comprehensive reading problem analysis table, compiled for analysis of individual reading problems, facilitates identification of the remedial reading areas, as well as the underlying subskills causing the problems to be accommodated in remedial reading. A control chart, developed for recording the information concerning the pupil's reading problem area and underlying subskills, facilitates compilation of an integrated remedial reading programme. Existing exercises, selected from the works of various authors and adapted, provide guidelines and exercises for particular remedial reading areas. These guidelines serve as a point of departure for the compilation of a specific remedial reading programme for a particular pupil with reading problems. Two case studies elucidate how a remedial reading programme can be compiled according to the pupil's background, reading problems and inadequacies in the underlying subskills. Group A learning disabled pupils although learning disabled pupils in Group B and C can also be involved. The total reading process is illustrated by means of a reading model. The two main components, namely, word identification and comprehension, form the basis of this study. The different subcategories featuring in each component are highlighted. This model serves as a framework for the diagnosis and remediation of reading problems. A teaching model is used to illustrate the complexity of teaching. The factors ( within the teaching model are indicated, as well as the ways they may serve when reading is taught. The reduction and choice of reading content for a specific pupil are set out as important aspects to be taken into consideration in reading remediation. Determining each pupil's reading levels, namely, his/her independent level, instructional level and frustrational level, enables the teacher to choose the appropriate reading material. / Teacher Education / D. Ed. (Orthopedagogics)

Cette étude s’appuie sur l’enseignement de la lecture-compréhension en français pour un public universitaire débutant en FLE au Brésil. Après avoir fait le point sur cette approche didactique et les enjeux de l’enseignement-apprentissage de la lecture en langue étrangère, dans lequel l’acquisition lexicale joue un rôle important, nous rappelons des notions-clés de la lexicologie et de la sémantique lexicale et présentons le cadre des travaux développés en lexicographie pédagogique, où nous situons plus précisément notre travail. En effet, malgré la diffusion de cet enseignement parmi les étudiants en Amérique latine et sa constante réélaboration afin de rendre compte de nouvelles situations d’apprentissage, il présente des lacunes importantes. Ces lacunes se trouvent autour d’un point névralgique pour une grande partie des lecteurs : le déficit lexical. Un déficit qui n’est pas lié qu’à un simple manque de vocabulaire, mais qui passe aussi par un savoir-apprendre les mots. Cette situation est mise à l’épreuve dans cette thèse par deux recherches expérimentales. Une première recherche à caractère plutôt prospectif vise à repérer le rôle du dictionnaire, et particulièrement du dictionnaire bilingue lors de la lecture et l’effet de son usage sur la construction du sens. Une deuxième recherche met en rapport l’emploi de deux outils lexicographiques, un dictionnaire bilingue et un dictionnaire pédagogique destiné à des apprenants de FLE. Ces recherches nous donnent des pistes essentielles pour l’intégration de l’étude lexicale à ce genre d’enseignement et sont complétées par l’analyse des dictionnaires disponibles pour ce public particulier. Ce parcours nous aide à tracer les principes méthodologiques pour l’élaboration d’un dictionnaire pédagogique d’appui à la lecture et à l’acquisition lexicale fondés sur la lexicographie fonctionnelle. / This study is based on the teaching model of reading French as a foreign language by university students who are beginners in this language in Brazil. After presenting the essential topics of this didactic approach and the issues related to the teaching-learning process when reading in a foreign language, in which the lexical acquisition plays a major role, we present the basics of lexicology and lexical semantics, and finally we portray the works developed in pedagogical lexicography, in which we place this study. Regardless of its dissemination among Latin America students and of its continuous reformulation to account for new learning situations, this teaching method contains some gaps. The gaps refer to a critical issue for a large number of readers: the lack of lexical knowledge. This issue relates not only to a lack of vocabulary knowledge, but also to the ability of word learning. In this study, this question has been further studied based on two experimental researches. The first one, using a more prospective approach, aims at identifying the role of the dictionary–especially bilingual dictionaries–in the reading process and the effects of dictionary use in the construction of meaning. The second one compares the use of two lexicographic instruments: a bilingual dictionary and a pedagogical dictionary for learners of French as a foreign language. Both researches yield important information about the integration of a lexical study with this teaching model; additionally, they are complemented by the analysis of the dictionaries available to this target audience. In this way, we can set methodological principles to build a pedagogical dictionary that helps students in reading activities and that supports vocabulary acquisition on the basis of functional lexicography.

A synopsis of the importance and the nature of reading serve as the point of departure for this study. The pupils involved are learning restrained as well as A comprehensive reading problem analysis table, compiled for analysis of individual reading problems, facilitates identification of the remedial reading areas, as well as the underlying subskills causing the problems to be accommodated in remedial reading. A control chart, developed for recording the information concerning the pupil's reading problem area and underlying subskills, facilitates compilation of an integrated remedial reading programme. Existing exercises, selected from the works of various authors and adapted, provide guidelines and exercises for particular remedial reading areas. These guidelines serve as a point of departure for the compilation of a specific remedial reading programme for a particular pupil with reading problems. Two case studies elucidate how a remedial reading programme can be compiled according to the pupil's background, reading problems and inadequacies in the underlying subskills. Group A learning disabled pupils although learning disabled pupils in Group B and C can also be involved. The total reading process is illustrated by means of a reading model. The two main components, namely, word identification and comprehension, form the basis of this study. The different subcategories featuring in each component are highlighted. This model serves as a framework for the diagnosis and remediation of reading problems. A teaching model is used to illustrate the complexity of teaching. The factors ( within the teaching model are indicated, as well as the ways they may serve when reading is taught. The reduction and choice of reading content for a specific pupil are set out as important aspects to be taken into consideration in reading remediation. Determining each pupil's reading levels, namely, his/her independent level, instructional level and frustrational level, enables the teacher to choose the appropriate reading material. / Teacher Education / D. Ed. (Orthopedagogics)