The general motivation behind my research interests is a desire to find ways of harnessing the system of Japan¡¦s Intellectual Property Trust and Technology Transfer . The majority of my research work has focused on the development and validation of Secondary Data Analysis¡BHistorical trend research method and Induction research methods used to address Japan's Intellectual Property Trust system. My initial research focus was on Japan's Intellectual Property Trust system after 1980's Japan-US trade friction and after revised Trust Business Law in 2004. My thesis is committed to exploring the Japan¡¦s Intellectual Property Trust and Technology Transfer system, this thesis is divided into five chapters, to explore the Intellectual Property Trust and Technology Transfer system between Taiwan and Japan, to explain how the Japanese government actively utilize the economic benefits of Technology Licensing Organization¡BIntellectual Property Trust and Technology Transfer, active innovation expertise and knowledge production mode, and by the proposed University of Tokyo and Tsukuba University case study to explore the planning of the legal system under the current system in Taiwan. Therefore, the future of Taiwan's technology transfer organization is faced with strengthening its function and transformation, in addition to proper management of intellectual property rights. Thus Taiwan government must achieve its objectives of utilizing the intellectual property trust model. While Taiwan today is facing the opportunity of the reform of intellectual property rights of thinking, she should not overlook the effectiveness of his country.

In United States and other developed economies, technology transfer is a very important issue. The success of technology transfer is related with industrial upgrade and the development of economics. It is also a key mechanism to efficiently use those research achievements of universities to commercialize and transfer those valuable technologies. There are many research institutions and agricultural technology research organizations in Taiwan. Because the government support the research organizations continuously, Taiwan¡¦s universities has many valuable research results. In the age valuable Intellectual Pattern Right, the formal intellectual property rights, including patents, technological transfer, and the technological licensing, are still little in Taiwan¡¦s universities. So this research¡¦s main idea is to find a ideal model of the technology licensing office based on the processes of technology commercialization and u.s universities¡¦ experiences. The method utilized for collecting data in this thesis was to interview with the experts, researchers and governmental officers to gather the primary information. The other was to gather the secondary information, including research papers, books, theses, and magazines from the On-line databases and libraries. This thesis analyzes the technology transfer system and management policies based on five different points of view, i.e., the initial stage of technology development, the incubation of new technology, the resource attainment , demo of new technology, and the promotion. The important result observed from the thesis is that the degree of commercialization of the research results is not enough. In addition, Taiwan¡¦s technology transfer center just provide limited function. So, there are only few patents and royalties from technological transfer and low ratio of successful commercialization in Taiwan¡¦s universities. Meanwhile, most technology transfer in Taiwan happened through informal channel. So, the effects on technology transfer centers are not so strong. Three suggestions are drawn from the thesis: (1). The IPR conception of researchers is not enough. Researchers should be encouraged to apply pattens and IPR to improve the quality and quantity of Taiwan¡¦s intellectual property. (2). The technology transfer center should clarify the value of the research results and play the role of connection between industry and research institutions. (3). The regulations of IPR in Taiwan should be quickly updated to catch up the fast advancement of technologies.. Furthermore, the infrastructures of agriculture-related IPR management system should be built-up well. keyword¡Gtechnology transfer center¡Buniversity technology transfer¡BIntellectual Patten Right¡Btechnology licensing¡Btechnology commercialization.

US corporations have long recognized university related scientific research as an important source of long term economic growth and technological innovation. This dynamic involvement with industry has drastically increased the university technology transfer and licensing activities, and has stretched the human and financial resources of Technology Management and Licensing Offices of many US universities. This research provides a mechanism that can aid in the complex process of properly assessing university-owned technologies and intellectual properties, to identify those with licensing and commercialization potential for the pursuit of truly important breakthrough discoveries. This research focuses on the university technology licensing and commercialization process from the perspectives of those licensing professionals whose firms' activities are engaged in licensing-in university technologies. The objectives of this research are to: 1.Identify the decision factors and licensing determinants that influence or impact the licensing and commercialization of university technologies. 2.Build and conduct a survey among those licensing professionals involved in the technology licensing process to determine the relative importance of each of the licensing determinants identified in the literature review, and their most current and up to date selection criteria for technologies they license. 3.Develop a framework to assist the University Technology Management & Transfer Office's personnel and other stakeholders in the assessment of the potential viability of the university technologies for licensing and commercialization.

智慧財產權利人有多種方式利用其智慧財產權。最直接的方式是將智慧財產權出售予他人，以獲得價金之報酬。權利人透過一次獲得相當金額，而滿足其創新的對價；但也有可能由於創新尚未獲得市場肯定，而無法獲得他人提供足以滿足其目的之對價。另種方式是自行設廠製造，不過，一方面權利人未必有足夠的財力投資於生產，而另一方面權利人未必了解經營或未必有意願承擔經營之風險。折衷的方式就是將智慧財產權授權他人使用，而不移轉所有權，以獲得持續的報酬給付，並不喪失其最終的權利。 然而，智慧財產權具有排他效力，只有特定權利人可以使用，他人除非經過權利人同意，否則無法使用，限制或排除他人進入該智慧財產權所涉及之商品市場與權利人自由競爭，而形成限制競爭之效果。此種結果是賦予具有排他效力之智慧財產權所必然產生者，如果因而被認定違反競爭法，恐將導致智慧財產權之規範目的無法達成。因此，對於「智慧財產權法對於智慧財產權利人之保護」與「公平交易法對於公平交易秩序之維護」兩者界限該如何權衡，當為十分重要的課題。 本文經由探討美國、歐盟及日本等國家現行競爭法對於技術授權行為之規範：美國”Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property（1995）”、” Antitrust Enforcement and Intellectual Property Rights: Promoting Innovation and Competition（2007）”，歐盟” Commission Regulation (EC) No 772/2004 of 27 April 2004 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of technology transfer agreements”及其Guidelines，日本2007年新修訂「知的財産の利用に関する独占禁止法上の指針」，以及參考我國公平會（Fair Trade Commission）執法實務之案例經驗，俾掌握技術授權行為如何在鼓勵創新與促進技術流通兩者間加以權衡題，進而試就我國技術授權協議案件處理原則（Fair Trade Commission Guidelines on Technology Licensing Arrangements），提供具體修正建議： 一、適用範圍：歐盟及日本於新修訂的技術授權處理規範中，均將適用客體進一步擴大適用至新式樣專利與軟體著作權（software copyright）。然而，我國公平會目前相關案件量甚少，故是否要隨外國立法例擴大適用範圍，應視我國國情及執法實務加以考量，仍有斟酌餘地。 二、建立「安全區」：適度將對於市場競爭程度影響輕微之案件排除，不但增加執法透明度與明確性，同時避免行政資源錯置，應屬可行。衡諸國情及促進產業發展之考量，本文建議立法初期，針對公平交易法第19條限制競爭或妨礙公平競爭行為，於授權人市場占有率10%以下者，認定較無限制競爭或妨礙公平競爭疑慮，而不須加以審查。 三、不須區分黑（違法）、灰（可能違法）條款：現行技術授權處理原則第6點及第7點規定若從法律效果來看，應無區分必要，亦即無區分黑、灰條款之必要。若競爭法主管機關有意區別兩類行為之非難程度，則可在立法說明或處理原則中對於個別行為之競爭評價，詳為敘明，俾讓業者遵循。倘公平會對於特定行為欲採取較為嚴格的執法立場，採取當然違法之判斷者，條文用語應修改為「授權協議當事人○○行為時，即得認定該行為對特定市場供需功能產生影響…」，亦即不須判斷該行為對於市場競爭實質影響程度，只要當事人行為合致構成要件，即屬違法，如此始有區分規範之必要。 四、修正個別條款內容：針對現行第5點至第7點規定，「不構成違法」共11款，及修正後「可能構成違反公平交易法第19條第6款規定」共12款行為類型，就其條文內容或立法說明提供具體修正意見。 五、標準化與專利聯盟(standardization and patent pool)：從廣受各界關注的「飛利浦案」，公平會對於科技產業的標準化與專利聯盟情形，如何建構妥適的聯合行為管制模式，首要之務是要確立執法立場。對於專利聯盟可能存有惡性卡特爾之風險，一方面仍保有競爭法主管機關的介入空間，亦不能動輒讓產業承擔過高法律風險，導致阻礙創新或影響商機。美國、歐盟、日本立法例多肯定透過專利聯盟集中授權模式，有助減少交易成本等效益，亦建立不少規範與案例，可供公平會借鏡參考。然而，不能忽視的是我國廠商多處於被授權人地位，在高度仰賴技術輸入之現況，如何確保我國廠商得以在公平競爭環境，得以提升產業發展，競爭法主管機關於制定相關法規時，亦須一併加以重視。

在知識掛帥的社會裡，技術創新極具重要性，無論是個人、學術機構、研究機關、企業團體或政府組織，技術創新是成長發展與面對競爭的原動力，同時也是國家於國際競爭中，賴以存活的力量。 有鑑於1980年美國制定拜杜法案(Bayh-Dole Act)推動技術創新，台灣於1999年跟進制定「科技基本法」，而韓國亦於2000年制定「技術移轉促進法」，但根據統計資料顯示，韓國與台灣無論在技術移轉比例或技術資金規模皆不比美國拜杜法案帶來的經濟成效顯著。技術移轉收入，也較研究開發費用為低，技術移轉與推及商業化之預期效益，仍相當有限，顯見由於文化及產業環境上的差別，美國經驗在韓國、台灣並不能全然適用。 現今台灣的學術研究機構及民間技術交易機關，仍試圖迴避技術移轉的相關活動，對市場動向抱持著觀望的態度；相反地，需要技術的中小企業，卻依舊在探索新亮點技術，期盼增快技術移轉商品化的腳步。在供需高度失衡的現況之下，可以想見該市場仍有龐大的發展空間；反觀韓國，在相關輔導政策與執行成效上，似有較詳盡之規劃與成果。 本研究藉由分析韓國相關的技術移轉政策與制度，綜合相關內容提出以下建議：首先，台灣技轉單位強化技術移轉後之管理並提高專任組織之能力與競爭力、善用外部專業能力協助遴選優良技術；研發單位亦須更注重市場端的技術需求；政府則應合併改組重複的部門、協助提供客製化教育訓練、培養技術商品化專家，並依技轉實績進行獎勵或支援，最後，大學、政府與產業界之間應加強溝通交流，方可解決技術及市場間的供需失衡議題。

This study explains the rise and fall of the Innovations Foundation, the University of Toronto's first office dedicated to the transfer of university-developed technologies to industry. Drawing on extensive archival research, ten interviews with key informants, and other sources, the case study traces the evolution of the Foundation from its launch in 1980 to its closure in 2006. The study delineates three distinct business models under which the Foundation operated from 1980 to 1990, 1990 to 1999, and 1999 to 2006. The reasons for the adoption and failure of each model are explored and a historically grounded, context-sensitive explanation of the university's decision to dismantle the Foundation in 2006 is provided. This explanation emphasizes the importance of managing unrealistic expectations for Canadian university technology transfer, and adds weight to a growing consensus on the importance of historical path-dependence as a conceptual tool for understanding the persistence of differentials in technology transfer performance among universities.

This study explains the rise and fall of the Innovations Foundation, the University of Toronto's first office dedicated to the transfer of university-developed technologies to industry. Drawing on extensive archival research, ten interviews with key informants, and other sources, the case study traces the evolution of the Foundation from its launch in 1980 to its closure in 2006. The study delineates three distinct business models under which the Foundation operated from 1980 to 1990, 1990 to 1999, and 1999 to 2006. The reasons for the adoption and failure of each model are explored and a historically grounded, context-sensitive explanation of the university's decision to dismantle the Foundation in 2006 is provided. This explanation emphasizes the importance of managing unrealistic expectations for Canadian university technology transfer, and adds weight to a growing consensus on the importance of historical path-dependence as a conceptual tool for understanding the persistence of differentials in technology transfer performance among universities.

知識經濟時代的來臨，財富的創造已不是來自土地與勞工等傳統生產要素，而是在於知識的創造與累積，台灣土地貧瘠、缺乏天然資源，但擁有豐富的科技人力資源，能有效運用這些知識資本，將是台灣經濟發展的重要關鍵。大學研究經費豐足、聚集博士級以上頂尖研究人才、其研究領域多屬前瞻、初期階段的發現，雖具開發成為新產品或服務之潛力，但現階段未必為業界所青睞的應用科技解決方案。如何尋求具備遠見，願擔風險投入早期技術研發的合作廠商，建立長期的合作關係，將大學強大的研發能量擴散、釋放到民間，有效地將政府資助大學所得的研發成果，移轉予產業界進行商業化的步驟，是促進產業升級經濟發展的重要機制。 是以近年來各國極力推動產學間的合作，希冀在大學知識傳授與探索研究之基本任務仍得確保的前提下，建立有效的技術授權機制，將學界創新研發的能量，引導入產業界，協助產業提升創新研發之競爭力，同時也能為學校的研發成果創造新的價值，而達產學雙贏的局面。 授權契約是技術移轉流程的最後一步，但往往為人忽視，前階段的評估協商與最後的擬約訂約被切割處理，特別在欠缺法務資源的大學技轉單位，簽訂授權契約時，僅使用制式、簡陋之契約範本，填入授權時間、授權金、權利金、授權標的等項目，少就契約文字進行訂正，並檢視契約範本設計之用字遣詞是否符合該次授權協議談判之內容。在此背景下，本研究即欲將策略思考帶進契約的設計，探討大學技術授權之策略考量，以及如何將之轉化成契約文字，使技術授權之目的能被落實。 本研究試圖從探討產學合作之機制與困難、大學技術移轉模式相關之豐富文獻中，整理出大學技術移轉授權的策略考量，並進一步分析在確定策略考量與策略目標之下，可能的授權模式為何，各種授權模式在實際運用時常遭遇何種的困難，這些困難是否能透過契約設計之安排，使技術移轉的策略目標順利達成。接著將進一步以美國技轉績效傲人的史丹福大學，與台灣研發能量最豐、學術資源最足的台灣大學兩校之授權契約範本作為研究個案，比較契約設計的應然與實然。 本研究透過對我國與美國技術授權相關文獻的分析，並以美國史丹佛大學與國立台灣大學之契約範本作為個案研究對象，歸納整理後得出結論為台灣各大學因為技轉的風氣未盛，契約的使用量與重要性自然被嚴重低估，我國大學並未設計與其策略與發展領域、特色相符的契約範本，大部分都直接沿用國科會提供之契約範本，契約條款的設計不夠細緻，容易流於只是策略的宣示，未能透過交易條件的安排達到授權策略預設的目標。相較美國史丹福大學因技轉風氣興盛，契約的類型發展成熟，契約內容與授權策略高度呼應，使授權的進行與大學原始的教學研究使命可以相輔相成。我國大學之技術授權契約存在很大的改善空間。 本研究建議大學應制訂明文之技轉策略書，向廠商宣傳大學技術授權之使命，並儘快對現行使用契約之契約進行撤底檢視與修正，完備契約範本的內容，可以有效增進締約的效率，同時可以思考契約作為宣傳性質的工具，例如因應技術特性，設計技術移轉的定型化契約，讓潛在被授權人清楚瞭解大學技術授權契約的交易條件，透過網路將完整的資訊揭露與友善便宜的締約程序，以有效提高的授權活動的效率與成功率。 / In knowledge based economy, how to create and accumulate knowledge assets dominates the fortune-making. Taiwan is short of natural resources but full of technology human reseources. Hence, how to apply knowledge adequately become the key factor to improve Taiwan’s economic growth. The abundant funds and outstanding research professionals are the advantages of university. However, the researches usually belong to early-stage ones and hardly meet the practical needs of industries. Universities need foresighted industry partners who is willing to risk investing in technology commercialization. University-Industry Cooperation is the important mechanism that helps the industry development through knowledge transfer. Thus, governments encourage enthusiastically the cooperation between university and industry. The target of Univeristy-Industry Cooperation is to assure the essential function of education and research of the university and build up an effective mechanism of technology licensing to introduce academic R&D energy into the industry. The cooperation can thus enhance the innovation competency of industry and create new value for the R&D results of academia, to build a win-win situation. License agreement is the last mile of the whole technology transfer process but its importance is usually ignored. For the limited legal resources of university TTOs (technology transfer office), all Taiwan universities use a formulaic contract provided by NSC (National Science Council) and seldom amend the details to meet their own need for individual transactions. However, licensing approaches, even for comparable technologies, can vary considerably from case to case. This thesis will bring licensing strategy into contract design, analyze university licensing strategy, and elaborate the transformation from strategy to contract for the purpose of technology licensing. This paper reviews literatures concerning university-industry cooperation and the technology transfer models and outlines university licensing strategy. The discussion further elaborate goals of licensing, possible licensing models and pathways, and find out the difficulties during license process. The design of contract also try to solve all these problems and fulfill the purpose of technology transfer. The thesis also compare the difference between the ideal and practice of licensing contract design through the study of contract format of Stanford University and National Taiwan University. Through the studies, the thesis propose that the significance of licensing contract is much underestimated due to the immaturity of university-industry license transactions in Taiwan. Unlike universities in the U.S., Taiwan’s universities do not design licensing contracts according to their licensing strategy and academic developments. The disregard of contract design will cause the impracticality of licensing strategy and thus be unable to achieve the original goal of technology transfer. A mature contract design which corresponds to the licensing strategy will connect the technology transfer to the academic research purpose, which can be observed in the case of Stanford University. This paper suggests that universities should set up a clear licensing strategy book of their own and widely announce to industry. Taiwan universities should reform the contract format as soon as possible and learn to take licensing contracts as a marketing tool, to promote a model contract for special technology licensing with detail information on it, to help potential licensee to understand the bargaining condition of the contract. Universities can provide complete information and easier contracting process through the internet, to improve the efficiency and prosperity of technology transfer.

生物科技產業，是一個被預期將於未來使人類在醫學、製藥、材料、糧食乃至於能源、生態等各方面所面臨的問題，獲得重大突破的產業；也是被公認為二十一世紀最具發展潛力的重點產業！世界上各個先進國家莫不競相投入大量資源，積極進行生技產業的培植與發展。研究單位與大專院校，一向被稱為所謂的「知識引擎」。照理說，在良好的智財管理之下，理當成為智慧財產生產之重鎮，並經由技術轉移實際地應用在產業界，協助提昇企業的競爭力，進而強化國家整體的經濟能量。 本研究藉由各方相關之文獻、著作加以分析，先從美國與我國在科技或技術移轉相關法規的介紹，再整理生物技術與生技製藥產業的特性，和我國目前的現況與問題，最後由商品化角度歸納出技術移轉在各階段的組成要素，再參考美國麻省理工學院技術移轉中心實例。與國內產學成功之案例-「寶齡富錦PBF1681專案」及「陽明大學新藥中心」對照，從中比較出國內學校與產業之間的交流，哪一環節出了問題？在探討我國大學生技製藥產學合作機制上，本研究採用的架構主要是從國內外大學負責產學合作單位的「運作流程」開始瞭解在智慧財產權、技術推廣、技術移轉過程與移轉後的回饋監控機制等。 交相比較之後，建議國內大學之技術移轉中心需擬定明瞭易懂之政策 設計簡單易填之表格、重視商品化流程、經驗豐富之授權人才引進、設置「成功故事」區，來激勵想要新創公司之人。另外，也對國內生技製藥產業建議，台灣的切入點以植物藥為迅速且花費少、成功機會高，這是值得投入之領域。而產業之結構也應有所調整，台灣藥廠規模小，無法與國外大廠競爭開發新藥。開發新藥需投入大量時間及金錢，故國外藥廠之產業結構為垂直整合，亦即是將上市前所有試驗及上市後行銷一手包辦。國內藥廠需仿照科技業一般，將整個產業作水平分工，將核心能力保留，其餘皆可外包。這樣不但節省時間，也可減少對不熟悉領域之摸索，由仿製之學名藥廠，走向新藥開發，進而與國外大廠相互抗衡。 / The universities are long taken as the “knowledge engine” for industries. Through a well-designed cooperation or licensing system, that is, the academic-industry liaison, those intellectual property produced from academic researches should be applied in the industry and industrial competency can thus be improved. However, the academic-industry liaison concerning biotechnology and drug in Taiwan is deficient. This thesis compares the cases of “Panion & BF Biotech Inc. PBF1681 Project,” “Research Center for Drug Discovery in National Yang-Ming University” in Taiwan with the Technology Licensing Office (TLO) of MIT in the U.S. Through the comparison, it can be found that techonology transfer office of universities in Taiwan needs to design a more friendly procedesure for licensee applicants and focuses on technology commercialization. Moreover, the pharmaceutical industry needs to invest more in herbal drug development. The industry itself needs corporate reengineering. The structure of the industry should be a horizontal division instead of the vertical integration. They should focus on their core competency and strengthen the mutual cooperation between companies to form a network of efficient production divisions. Key word: academic-industry liaison, biotechnology, drug discovery, pharmaceutical, Technology Licensing Office (TLO)

本論文應用策略性貿易理論的觀點，分別探討三個獨立的研究主題：各國關稅結構中普遍存在的「關稅調升」現象、外銷比例政策與外籍廠商技術選擇的關係、及關稅與配額政策對於外籍廠商技術授權決策的影響。 壹、 關稅調升與連續性壟斷 「關稅調升」為世界上大部分國家關稅結構中普遍存在的現象，惟這種現象的理論探討卻十分匱乏。因此，本章的目的即在補充「關稅調升」成因的理論探討。藉由連續性壟斷產業模型的建立，我們的研究顯示：政府若對下游進口產品課徵關稅，此一關稅除了具備新貿易政策理論所稱之「利潤萃取」效果之外，尚具備萃取外國生產上游產品廠商部份獨佔利潤的功能，我們稱此為下游產品關稅的「垂直」效果。在連續性壟斷產業的架構之下，隨著生產階段的遞增，下游產品關稅能夠萃取這些上游獨佔利潤的外國廠商家數亦將增加，「關稅調升」現象因而產生。因此，本章發現關稅之「利潤萃取」效果與「垂直」效果的聯合作用是造成關稅調升現象的重要因素。 貳、 外銷比例政策與技術選擇 在實務上，外銷比例政策常為開發中國家對於多國籍廠商在其國內設廠營運時的一項管制措施。在台灣的發展經驗中，外銷比例政策亦常被政府的財經官員認為具有移轉外國優越技術的有效政策工具，其理由乃在於藉由對多國籍廠商內銷比例的管制，誘使其提升在台的生產技術以面對高度競爭性的國際市場，並同時讓本國廠商透過技術擴散或技術移轉的方式獲得多國籍廠商的技術水準。 本章的目的在於探討外銷比例政策是否真能達到提升外籍廠商技術水準的效果。本章的研究結果發現：在外籍廠商獨占本國市場的情況下，除非政府允諾給於外籍廠商高度比例的內銷市場，否則外銷比例政策非但不會促使外籍廠商選擇較為優良的技術，反而會導致其採取較劣等的技術。另一方面，當本國市場有本國廠商參與競爭時，外銷比例對於外籍廠商技術水準的選擇除了受到前述比例值高低之影響外，也受到市場策略性競爭效果的影響。當本國市場的需求函數為線形時，市場競爭的策略性效果會使得外籍廠商在面對外銷比例的管制增加時會選擇較差之技術。因此，一般而言，外銷比例政策並無法確保外籍廠商會使用較為先進之技術水準。 參、 外籍廠商技術授權：關稅與配額政策的比較 貿易保護政策的實施有可能改變廠商海外市場的營運選擇，譬如改採以技術授權的方式間接進入海外市場，因此地主國的貿易保護政策可以促使該國廠商獲取外籍廠商先進技術的授權。 本章的研究乃在於提供貿易保護政策與國際間授權技術選擇關係的理論分析。藉由比較不同的貿易政策對於對於多國籍廠商市場進入方式與授權技術選擇的影響，本章發現對應於一特定之關稅稅率，等量配額政策在市場需求曲線為凹性（凸性）的情況下，將比關稅政策更易於（更不易於）誘使外國廠商授權先進的技術給本國廠商；而當市場需求曲線為線性的情況下，關稅政策與等量配額政策對於外籍廠商授權技術水準的影響是完全相同的。然而，若本國採取的是等率配額政策，則不論其對應之關稅稅率為何，外籍廠商在等率配額限制之下一定會授權給本國廠商最先進之技術。 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 關稅調升與連續性壟斷 6 第一節 本章前言 6 第二節 基本模型 11 （1） 最終財貨關稅 13 （2） 原物料關稅 20 第三節 關稅調升現象 23 第四節 n層次加工產業下的關稅結構 32 第五節 本章結語 35 附錄 37 第三章 外銷比例政策與技術選擇 39 第一節 本章前言 39 第二節 外籍廠商獨佔下的技術選擇 42 第三節 寡占下的外籍廠商技術選擇 48 第四節 本章結語 54 附 錄 56 第四章 外籍廠商技術授權：關稅與配額政策的比較 58 第一節 本章前言 58 第二節 基本模型 61 第三節 外籍廠商在關稅政策下的授權技術選擇 62 第四節 外籍廠商在等量配額政策下的授權技術選擇 70 第五節 外籍廠商在等率配額政策下的授權技術選擇 78 第六節 範例說明 82 第七節 本章結語 86 第五章 結論 87 參考文獻 89