Autorinių teisių pažeidimas ir plagiatas turi keletą aiškių paviršinių panašumų ir giliau paslėptų, ne taip aiškiai matomų skirtumų. Panašumai pasireiškia tiek plagijuojant, tiek pažeidžiant autorines teises, dažniausiai be kūrinio autoriaus leidimo yra kopijuojami svetimi darbai, tiek plagiatas, tiek autorinės teisės yra susiję su kūrybiniu procesu, kūrinių originalumu, autorystės pripažinimu ir siekia apsaugoti autorius, kad jų kūriniai nebūtų naudojami netinkamai. Būtent dėl šių akivaizdžių panašumų tarp plagiato ir autorinių teisių pažeidimo, kai kurie asmenys šiuos du dalykus supainioja. Žmonės pažvelgę į šią klaidingo sutapatinimo problemą giliau, teigia atvirkščiai ir plagiato su autorinių teisių pažeidimu visiškai nesulygina. Jų manymu plagiatas nėra teisinis terminas ir nebūtinai reiškia autorinių teisių pažeidimą, tai daugiau etikos nusižengimas darantis žalą akademinių institucijų ar pavienių asmenų reputacijai, kenkiantis mokslo pažangai ir kurybiniam procesui. Remiantis tarptautiniais ir nacionaliniais teisės aktais, moksline literatūra ir teismų praktika darbe yra atskleidžiama plagiato ir autorinių teisių pažeidimo sampratos Lietuvoje ir užsienio šalyse bei nustatinėjamas santykis tarp plagiato ir autorinių teisių pažeidimo. Autorių teisės ir autorinių teisių pažeidimo sąvoka yra aiškiai apibrėžta įstatymuose, aprašyta mokslinėje literatūroje, teismų prakitkoje, LR ATPK ir BK, įstatymai suderinti su Europos sąjungos direktyvomis bei tarptautinėmis sutartimis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Copyright infringement and plagiarism have some clear similarities between them and deeper hidden, not so clearly visible differences. The similarities between plagiarism and copyright infringement are usually seen as copying someone’s work without permission from the author of that work, both are also concerned with the creative process and matters of originality and authorship. Both seek to prevent free riding on the work of others. Because of these obvious similarities plagiarism and copyright infringement are often confused. Scholars that study this problem of confusion say the opposite, they do not agree that copyright infringement and plagiarism are the same. They think plagiarism is not a legal term and does not necessarily imply a copyright infringement, it is more ethical misconduct that harms the academic institutions or individual's reputation, affecting the progress of science and the creative process. According to international and national legislation, the scientific literature and case law this thesis reveals the conception of plagiarism and copyright infringement in Lithuania and foreign countries and determines relation and intersection between copyright infringement and plagiarism. Author’s copyrights and copyright infringement are clearly defined by law, described in scientific literature, case law, Lithuanian penal and administrative codes and is in line with European Union directives and international treaties. However, plagiarism is not defined by law... [to full text]

This final paper of a Master of Science deals with the insight into the course of procedures of Lithuanian parliament. The beginning was in 1918-1919 in the form of the Council of the State. The action of regulation were the fundamental laws and statutes of the Provisional Constitution of Lithuania. The Council of the State was formed differently. Due to historical circumstances it was formed not by the way of general election and couldn’t be considered as the Seimas. But at that time it was the only institution in power having the function of the parliament and legislature. Thus the starting point of the research into the parliament procedures could be justified. The paper deals only with the main parliamentary procedures: 1) The status of the member of the parliament (the rights, duties and the responsibilities) regulating the legal status, 2) procedures related to the control of the Government and 3) the legislation. The norms of the procedure are brought into action in 2 legal laws. The search was based on two of them: the Constitution and the Statute of the Seimas. The analysis was done applying the historical, comparative, classification and generalization methods and as an auxiliary method a descriptive method enabling to produce the selected data for the analysis because during the period from 1918 to 1940. According to the reflection of parliament procedures and political events of this period, how the State developed its democracy, three courses of parliamentary... [to full text]

Diese Magisterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse des deutschen Konstitutionalismus im 20. Jhr. In dieser Arbeit wird kurzer Exkurs über die ersten deutschen Reichsverfassungen von 1849 und 1871 gemacht, sowohl die verfassungsgebende Prozesse des 20. Jhrs. und historische Voraussetzungen für die Entstehung von Weimarer Verfassung im Jahr 1919 und des Grundgesetzes im Jahr 1949, ihre Bedeutung und Einfluss auf den Konstitutionalismus des 20. Jhrs. analysiert.

In 1996, Lithuania was one of the first countries in the East and Central Europe that established the Law on the Rights of Patients and Compensation of the Damage to Their Health, and the rights of patients became the subject of discussions between lawyers and citizens. However, there are only few studies on this subject, even it is very relevant for improving of work planning in the health care institutions. From the 1st till 19th of August 2005 the research has been done with the purpose to examine the status of the rights of the patients that were using stationary services in the hospital of Vilnius University “Santariškių klinikos” (VUL SK) and considering the received information to propose how to prevent breach of the patients’ rights.

Summary International source of maritime law in maritime environmental protection is the final work in which author tried to study a scope and definite of source liability. The main reason why I set this idea is constantly deteriorative maritime environment. To develop this thesis the work was rubricate into sections and subsections. First section International law of maritime environment protection reviews the branch of this law in theoretical aspect. This section has two subsections which helps to understand how was set the branch of international maritime environment protection law. The meaning of source of law and how it understands different authors is stated at the first subsection of first works section. A different type of sources of international maritime environment law is set at the second subsection of first work section. In this final work author tried to show the importance of international rules of maritime environment protection law which became a part of customary law. With a help of analysis the author is trying to show how the customary rules are viable in our national law. The main principles of international maritime environment protection law were found either in the Lithuanian national acts and international agreements with a help of analysis. Analysis of international agreements got the main attention of this final work. They were analyse by particular institution which are shown in there rules. The author matches three main institutions, which... [to full text]

Child’s right to maintenance is his/her natural constitutional personal property right. Constitutional consolidation of the parental rights and duties to maintain children show their importance in the social structure of a state as well as in the regulated social relations in the field of family law. Provision of the child’s right to maintenance creates conditions for implementation of other child’s rights: right to accommodation, education, suitable living conditions etc., because the direct aim of maintenance is maximum satisfaction of the child’s needs and interests. In this paper I try to disclose contents of the child’s right to parental maintenance urgent principles of its consolidation in the positive legislature and defence in the civil process as well as regulation peculiarities. The paper is not sought to be an in-deep scientific study, but it should be a valuable and informative measure in identification of the existing gaps in the regulation of the child’s right to parental maintenance and in the search for more efficient ways of solution.

The nature of contemporary state institutions is conditioned by objectives of administration. The operation mechanisms of regulation systems of laws and other legislative acts in Lithuania is inefficient. Lithuania demands some kind of certain reform of regulation systems of laws and other legislative acts for the creation of operation model. The experience and practice of other countries is the best example to be appealed to while improving the operation state of regulation systems of national legal systems of laws and other legislative acts.

The topic of the paper is integrity right implementation problems. Author‘s right of integrity is on the list of international obligations since the beginning of the XIX century and has to be made available by all Berne convention members‘ national laws. However this International obligation only imlies a minimum standart for integrity right protection, thereby it‘s implementation issues are to be solved at national level. The goal of the paper is identification and analysis of integrity right implementation problems in modern states under the rule of law. Accordingly different legal regulation is one of the main issues of the topic. Establishing conflicts between authors and their work users, identifying persons of law in the integrity right is a great part of this paper. Consequently different sides of the conflick of interests are being elaborated, most frequent dispute cases and ways of solving them are being analised in the light of different legal regulation. His paper also contains legal tradicions of implementing integrity right in continential and common law countries that are being compared to each other, as well as different copyright laws in separate countries and court practice (lithuanian and foreign).

Kova su terorizmu yra svarbus viešas interesas. Fizinių asmenų duomenys, patenkantys į privataus gyvenimo sferą, galėtų padėti valstybei minėtoje kovoje. Taigi kyla klausimas, ar valstybė, be teisinių apribojimų rinkdama visų jos jurisdikcijoje esančių fizinių asmenų duomenis su tikslu užkirsti kelią teroristiniams išpuoliams, nepažeistų asmenų teisės į privatų gyvenimą. Šis klausimas toliau bus nagrinėjamas universaliuoju tarptautiniu, regioniniu Europos Tarybos, Europos Sąjungos ir nacionaliniu Lietuvos lygmeniu. Terorizmo sąvokos reikėtų ieškoti 17 universalių „sektorinių“ tarptautinių sutarčių. Dabartinė terorizmo sąvoka universaliojoje tarptautinėje teisėje yra labai fragmentiška, t. y. atskiros sutartys terorizmą tiesiogiai ar netiesiogiai apibrėžia tik atitinkamos tarptautinės sutarties taikymo sričiai. Pažymėtina, kad kai kurių požymių įtraukimas į terorizmo sąvoką kelia grėsmę tarptautinės teisės ginamoms žmogaus teisėms ir gali neprotingai varžyti kovotojų už laisvę galimybes gintis nuo neteisėtų užsienio okupantų ar siekti pasinaudoti tautų apsisprendimo teise. Europos Taryba terorizmą apibrėžia darydama nuorodas į universaliąsias „sektorines“ tarptautines sutartis, tačiau kartu tiesiogiai apibrėžia kai kuriuos terorizmo nusikaltimo aspektus. O ES teisė pateikia bendrą terorizmo nusikaltimo apibrėžimą. Lietuva yra prisiėmusi įsipareigojimų pagal kai kurias universaliąsias ir ET lygiu priimtas tarptautines sutartis, jai taikoma ES teisė, be to, teroristinių ir su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Fight against terrorism is an important public interest. Data on natural persons that belongs to the area of their private life could help the state in the aforementioned fight. Therefore, the state may be interested in collecting the data on all the natural persons within its jurisdiction in order to prevent terrorist attacks. This raises the question if the state could collect that information without any legal restrictions. In this work, the relevant provisions of universal international law, the law of the Council of Europe, the European Union and Lithuania will be examined and the answer to the question will be provided. In the universal international law, 17 “sectorial” treaties describe certain types of behaviour that can be called terrorism. Therefore, the present concept of terrorism is very fragmented, i. e. different treaties directly or indirectly provide the definition of terrorism applied just for that certain treaty. It is important to mention that the inclusion of certain features in the concept of terrorism endangers the human rights protected by the international law and may unreasonably restrict the possibilities of freedom fighters to defend themselves from illegal foreign occupation or to seek to realise the right to self-determination. For example, the inclusion of substantial harm to the environment in the definition of terrorism as an alternative feature of this crime may unreasonably restrict the possibilities of freedom fighters, as they may... [to full text]

Geodeziniai (kadastriniai) matavimai šiuo metu įgauna vis didesnę reikšmę. Magistro darbe išnagrinėti Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymai, vyriausybės nutarimai, kiti teisės aktai, straipsniai, internetinė informacija, susijusi su kadastrinių matavimų vykdymu, derinimu, kadastro duomenų suformavimu, jų įrašymu į duomenų bazę ir perspektyvomis, apžvelgta Tauragės rajone geodeziškai matuotų sklypų kitimo tendencijos per pastaruosius septynerius metus. Analizuojamas jų kiekis pagal tikslinę naudojimo paskirtį, atskirai aptariami žemės sklypų geodeziniai matavimai ir pasitaikančios problemos juos matuojant. Aptariamos problemos, galinčios atsirasti po žemės reformos pabaigos. Pateikiami konkretūs problemų, pasitaikančių vykdant kadastrinius matavimus, pavyzdžiai, aptariami jų sprendimo būdai ir pateikiamos išvados: blogai parengti žemės reformos žemėtvarkos projektai apsunkina kadastrinių matavimų atlikimą, įvertinus visas preliminariai blogai pamatuotų sklypų pasekmes, būtina kuo skubiau pereiti prie visų žemės sklypų kadastrinių matavimų, reikėtų pakeisti kai kuriuos teisės aktus siekiant užtikrinti geodezinių matavimų supaprastinamą. / Surveying (Cadastral) measurements are becoming increasingly important. Master's work to examine the Lithuanian law, government regulations and other laws, articles, online informatikon relating to the cadastral pursuit of cadastral the formation of the data and their inclusion in the database and the prospects looked Cesis district geodeziškai measured plots the trend over the past seven years. Analyzing the content for its intended use, are highlighted in the land of Geodesy and common problems they are measured. Deals with issues that may arise after the completion of land reform. Presented specific problems occurring in the cadastral measurements, the samples are discussed and solutions to the conclusion that a poor agricultural land reform projects are complicated by cadastral conducting a preliminary assessment of all the ill effects of measured sites, the urgency to go all the cadastral land parcels should be change some laws in order to ensure the simplification of the geodetic measurements.