Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Mary C. Kingery-Page / Temporary landscapes are an emerging project type with in the field of landscape architecture. Pop-up parks, parklets, and temporary art installations have been gaining media attention and changing notions of open space. Landscape architects need to take a more active role in the planning, design, and execution of these temporary landscapes. Peter Bishop describes temporary land use as “an intentional phase” where the “time-limited nature of the use is generally explicit” (Bishop, 2012, p. 5). This research refines Bishop’s definition by stating temporary landscapes must be intentionally time limited designs of open space. Currently the unorganized variety of projects has impeded landscape architects’ ability to evaluate and learn from these spaces. This research project seeks to understand and synthesize different characteristics of temporary landscapes. A typology was developed by identifying key themes in literature, composing a carefully curated series of precedent studies, participating in the development of a temporary pop-up park in Wichita, Kansas, and developing a matrix that identifies the relationships between temporal types. The products of this research will help planners and designers develop more successful and intentional temporally limited designs.

The topic of this thesis is regulation of temporary agency work in the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland. The stress is put mainly on the comparison of individual areas of regulation in both countries and describing the substantial differences. The goal of the paper is to contribute to better understanding of this special issue of the labour law and to introduce foreign incentives to the discussion about the pros and cons of the practice related to using temporary agency work in the Czech Republic. Finally this paper may also serve as a source of reflections de lege ferenda. In the first part this thesis focuses on the description of the basic characteristic of temporary agency work. The different points of view of this issue are introduced gradually, especially in the context of the other labour market services, next a brief description of the sources of international law in this area follows, and finally short historic excursus into the development of the regulation in Poland and the Czech Republic is presented. The second part is devoted to the public law regulation of temporary agency work, especially to acquiring the license for running a work agency and the obligations arising from the public law. Regulations in both states are divided into the separate chapters. The last part involves...

Intresset för och inhyrning av bemanningskonsulter har ökat som en del av företags försök att bli flexiblare med arbetsstyrkan. Dock är bemanningsbranschen ung och forskning kring konsultyrket utifrån konsultens perspektiv anser vi vara begränsad. Studiens syfte var att bidra till ökad kunskap om konsultyrket genom en empirisk undersökning där intervjuer med bemanningskonsulter utförts. Forskningsfrågan var: Hur upplever konsulter från bemanningsföretag sin arbetssituation hos kundföretag? Studien har inspirerats av ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt och empiri samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex respondenter som har erfarenheter från konsultyrket. Ansatsen i studien bedrevs deduktivt eftersom vi läst in oss kring ämnesområdet innan empirisk data samlades in. Utifrån tidigare forskning antog vi att konsultens upplevda arbetssituation påverkades antingen positivt eller negativt utifrån tre faktorer: Vilka förväntningar som finns på dem samt hur de behandlas av kundföretaget och kollegorna, vilka är anledningarna till att konsultyrket väljs samt deras arbetstillfredsställelse utifrån känslan av kontroll över arbetssituationen och relationerna inom kundföretaget. För att tolka det empiriska materialet användes tolkningsmodellen från den teoretiska referensramen. Meningar och ord i det transkriberade materialet markerades för att sedan jämföras med tidigare forskning och på så sätt finna samband och motsägelser. Vår slutsats var att konsulterna upplever sin arbetssituation antingen positivt eller negativt först och främst beroende på vilka förväntningar de har på yrket och uppdraget de anlitas för. Dessa förväntningar påverkas sedan av andra faktorer, som kundföretagets avsikt med att använda konsulten, hur mycket de involveras och hur väl de behandlas av både ledning, chefer samt kollegor. Beroende på vilka förväntningar konsulten har, får de andra faktorerna mer eller mindre påverkan på den upplevda arbetssituationen. / The interest for and hiring of consultants from temporary working agencies have increased as a part of companies' attempts to become more flexible with the workforce. The temporary staffing industry is yet young and we consider the research around the consultant profession limited, based on the consultants perspective. The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge about the consultant profession through an empirical research based on interviews with temporary agency workers. The research question was: How do consultants from temporary work agencies experience their work situation at client companies? This was a qualitative study and empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews with six respondents who has experience from the consultant profession. The study had a deductive approach as we had read about the subject area before the collection of data. From previous research we assumed that the experienced work situation by the consultants was affected either positive or negative by three factors: Which expectations and how they are treated by the client company and by their colleagues, which are the reasons to choose the consultant profession, and their job satisfaction based on the impression of control over the work situation and the relations within the client company. To translate the empirical material the analysis model from the theoretical framework was used. Sentences and words from the transcribed material were marked and then compared with previous research and thus find connections and contradictions. Our conclusions were that the consultants experience their work situation either positive or negative primarily depending on which expectations they have on the profession and the assignment they are hired for. These expectations then affect the other factors, as the client company’s intention to use the consultant, how involved they are and how well they are treated by executives, managers and colleagues. Depending on which expectations the consultant has, the other factors have more or less impact on the experienced work situation.

Syftet med denna studie är att förmedla insikt i hur funktionärsledarna kan leda föratt få ideellt arbetande funktionärer att känna en meningsfullhet med det ideellaarbetet. Festivalorganisationerna menar att funktionärer är ovärderliga för att festivaler skavara möjliga att genomföra. Samtidigt uppstår under sommaren 2012 ett missnöjehos funktionärerna som menar att de arbetar under orimliga förhållanden och för-bises av deras funktionärsledare. I denna studie framkommer det att det råder olika syn på relationen mellan funk-tionärsledare och funktionärer. Funktionärer anser att funktionärsledare är förstressade och inte kan delegera och funktionärsledaren anser, i sin tur, att funktion-ärerna inte har något intresse för att arbeta under festivalen då de endast är ute efteren gratis biljett. Studien visar att det råder en omedvetenhet kring funktionärsledares ledarroll ochpå grund av det uppstår det ett bristfälligt ledarskap. Funktionärsledare bör, för attkunna reducera funktionärers missnöje, förstå funktionärers grundläggande driv-kraft till att arbeta på festivalen; att deras arbete ska få visad uppskattning, att dehar ett engagemang till de uppgifter de tilldelas samt att den huvudsakliga motiv tillatt arbeta som ideell funktionär är att få vara en del av en gemenskap. Denna studie har undersökt hur temporära funktionärsledare 1 och temporära,ideella funktionärer2 ser på ledarskapet under en festival och vilka problem ochutmaningar som finns i relationen mellan dessa. Uppsatsen vänder sig till personersom har ett intresse av fenomenet temporära ledare som arbetar med temporära,ideella funktionärer. / Festival organisations argue that volunteers are indispensable for the festival performance.However, in the summer of 2012, dissatisfaction among the volunteers appears when theyargue that they are working during bad conditions and also are mistreated during thefestivals. The purpose with this study is to provide insight in how volunteer leaders can lead thevolunteers so that they will be satisfied and feel that their work is important for the festival. In this study, it appears that there are different views on the relationship between volunteerleaders and volunteers. Volunteers believe that the volunteer leaders are too busy andtherefore are not able to delegate. Volunteer leaders believes, in turn, that the volunteershave no real interest in working at the festival when they are only looking for a free ticket. The study shows that the volunteer leaders are unaware of their leadership and also theirrole as leaders. Because of the lack of awareness, it displays a sort of unconsciouslyleadership. Volunteer leaders should, in order to reduce volunteers displeasure, understand thevolunteers fundamental driving force to work at the festival; that their work will beappreciated, that they have a commitment to the tasks and that the main motive to work asa volunteer is to be part of a community. This study examines how the temporary volunteer leaders and temporary volunteers viewat leadership during a festival and also the problems and challenges that exist in therelationship between them. This thesis is intended for people who have an interest in thephenomenon of temporary leaders working with temporary volunteers.

Uppsatsen handlar om inhyrda lärares arbetssituation som befinner sig utanför organisationers gränser vilket leder till exkludering och bristfälliga arbetsvillkor. Inhyrd personal befinner sig i en trepartsrelation mellan sig själv, bemanningsföretag och kundföretag. Detta skulle kunna göra att den formella tillhörigheten och känslan av tillhörighet differentieras. Inget i studien tyder på att de inhyrda lärarna inte känner en tillhörighet till bemanningsföretaget som arbetsgivare och därmed kan vi inte dra slutsatsen att detta är problemet. Snarare är det kundföretaget och dess medarbetare som inte ser de inhyrda lärarna som inkluderade i organisationen vilket skapar exkludering. Dagens företag behöver vara flexibla och för att möta detta behov används inhyrd personal som en tillfällig resurs. Bemanningsföretag växer sig allt starkare och studien är viktig för att visa att anställningsformen kan få negativa konsekvenser och att man bör ta hänsyn till emotionella aspekter hos individen. Studien är kvalitativ och har genomförts genom djupintervjuer med tre inhyrda lärare, tre ordinarie lärare och en rektor. Då ämnet kan ses som känsligt av vissa parter är ämnet något svårstuderat och det har varit svårt att få tag på intervjupersoner. Materialet har analyserats med teorier utifrån tre teman: tillhörighet, trygghet och frihet vilka följer som en röd tråd genom uppsatsen. / This essay examines temporary teachers working situation and the findings show that they fall outside organizations’ boundaries which leads to exclusion and poor working conditions. The temporary teachers exist in a trilateral relationship between them self, temporary work agencies and client companies. This could make the formal affiliation and sense of belonging differentiated. Nothing in the study suggests that the hired temporary teachers do not feel an affinity to the temporary work agency and thus we cannot conclude that this is the problem. The issue is rather that the client company and its employees do not see the hired temporary teachers as included within the organization. This creates exclusion. The temporary work agencies are growing stronger and this study is important since it highlights that the form of employment can have negative consequences and that the emotional aspects of the individual should be taken into account. The study is qualitative and has been executed by performing in-depth interviews. Due to the delicate nature of the subject to some parties the topic is somewhat difficult to study. Furthermore, it has been difficult to get hold of the people interviewed. The empirical data was analysed with theories based on three themes: belonging, security and freedom.

The focus of the research is on the role of Temporary Help Agencies (ETT) as intermediaries in the labor market. An ETT can be defined as a service firm that hires temporary workers and sends them out to do temporary work on the premises of and under the supervision of client firms solicited from the business world. That is, their basic function consists of connecting labor demand and labor supply. However what makes the difference with respect to other labor market intermediaries (such as, for example, employment agencies) is the fact that workers contracted through ETT remain on the ETT' payroll while under the direction of the client firm, giving way to a triangular relationship between the client firm, the worker and the ETT which has broken the traditional bilaterality of labor relationships. That is, there exists a standard labor contract for a limited duration between the ETT and the worker and a commercial contract (called assignment contract) between the ETT and the firm, so that both market and employment relationships are established. Therefore, from the point of view of the worker it is as if she were subject to two different employers: the ETT, who hires the worker, and the client firm, who receives worker services.Why the study and implications of ETT work for workers are important lie on the fact that there exists a substantial number of questions related to ETT work to which currently we have no answers and little data to explore them. In this context, this thesis is concerned with providing evidence on dynamic labor market patterns of ETT-intermediated work, on which to our knowledge no work so far has been done. In particular, the thesis is presented as follows: Chapter 1 deals with a review of the most relevant literature underlying what we know so far on ETTs as well as introducing potential research questions which are yet unresolved. Chapter 2 and chapter 3 establish the theoretical framework on which the last two chapters are based. Chapter 2 establishes a framework for analyzing the possibility that ETT-work may provide workers with opportunities for acquiring new skills and applying them in a better job to be located in the future after leaving the ETT, thus improving wage prospects. Chapter 3 develops a model in which ETTs are considered as means to attenuate information asymmetry in the labor market, which may allow workers to improve promotion chances. And, finally, Chapters 4 and 5 deal with the empirical testing of the main two hypotheses established in the previous two chapters. / El núcleo de la presente investigación consiste en analizar el papel de las Empresas de Trabajo Temporal (ETT) como intermediarios en el mercado de trabajo. Puede definirse a una ETT como una empresa de servicios que contrata trabajadores temporales para asignarlos en cesión a empresas clientes. Por tanto, su función básica consiste en conectar la demanda y la oferta de trabajo. Sin embargo, el aspecto que diferencia a estas agencias de otros intermediarios en el mercado laboral (como, por ejemplo, las agencias de empleo) radica en que los trabajadores contratados por medio de ETT pertenecen formalmente a la plantilla de la ETT mientras que trabajan bajo la dirección de la empresa cliente. Esta peculiaridad origina una relación triangular entre la empresa cliente, el trabajador y la ETT que ha roto la bilateralidad tradicional de las relaciones de empleo. Es decir, existe un contrato estándar de trabajo temporal entre la ETT y el trabajador, y un contrato de carácter mercantil (denominado contrato de puesta a disposición) entre la ETT y la empresa cliente. Por tanto, se establecen tanto relaciones mercantiles como relaciones laborales. Así, desde el punto de vista del trabajador es como si estuviera sujeto a dos empleadores distintos: la ETT, que lo contrata formalmente, y la empresa cliente, que disfruta de sus servicios laborales.El estudio de las implicaciones que presenta la intermediación de las ETT para los trabajadores resulta importante porque existe un número sustancial de preguntas relacionadas con el trabajo a través de ETT sobre las cuales todavía no se ha ofrecido respuestas. En este contexto, la tesis aporta evidencia sobre aspectos dinámicos de la intermediación en el mercado laboral de las ETT, aspecto sobre el cual hasta el momento no se ha investigado lo suficiente. En concreto, la tesis consta de las siguientes partes: el Capítulo 1 lleva a cabo una revisión de la literatura más relevante sobre estos intermediarios e introduce preguntas de investigación que no han sido contestadas hasta el momento. Los Capítulos 2 y 3 establecen el marco teórico sobre el cual se fundamentan los dos últimos capítulos. El Capítulo 2 analiza la posibilidad de que el trabajo por medio de ETT ofrezca a los trabajadores oportunidades para adquirir nuevas habilidades y aplicarlas en mejores empleos conseguidos a través del intermediario. El Capítulo 3 desarrolla un modelo en el que las ETT son consideradas como un medio para atenuar la información asimétrica en el mercado laboral, aspecto éste que puede permitir a los trabajadores mejorar sus posibilidades de salir de la temporalidad. Finalmente los Capítulos 4 y 5 contrastan empíricamente las dos hipótesis principales presentadas en los dos capítulos previos.

Univ., Diss.--Aix-Marseille, 2003.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [131]-139).

Orientador: Andréa Abi Rached Dantas / Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resistência flexural de materiais restauradores resinosos provisórios (Systemp Onlay, Bifix Temp, Provyl Master F, Fill Magic e Clip F) após a fotopolimerização com sistema de fotoativação LED-laser: Radii-Cal (SDI, São Paulo, SP, BR). A resistência flexural demonstrada pelos materiais restauradores provisórios Provi Master F (Wilcos), Systemp (Ivoclair) e Fill Magic (Coltene) foi similar (p >0,05) e maior que a demonstrada pelos materiais restauradores BiFix (Voco) e Clip F (Voco) (p < 0,05). Por outro lado, a resistência flexural apresentada pelo BiFix e Clip F foi semelhante entre si (p > 0.05). Concluimos assim que os materiais Provi Master F, Systemp e Fill Magic são materiais de melhor escolha quando necessitamos de uma resistência maior às forças oclusais. / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of temporary resin restorative materials (Systemp Onlay, Bifix Temp, Provyl Master F, Fill Magic e Clip F) after photopolymerization with LED-laser photoactivation system: : Radii-Cal (SDI, São Paulo, SP, BR). The flexural strength demonstrated by the provisional restorative materials Provi Master F (Wilcos), Systemp (Ivoclair) e Fill Magic (Coltene) was similar (p >0,05) and greater than that demonstrated by restorative materials BiFix (Voco) e Clip F (Voco) (p < 0,05). On the other hand, the flexural strength demonstrated by Be Fil and Clip F were similar among themselves (p > 0.05). We conclude that the materials Provi Master F, Systemp and Fill Magic are materials of better choice when we need a greater resistance to occlusal forces. / Mestre

Submitted by Carolina Ellen Spinola Machado (carolina.machado@unesp.br) on 2018-07-17T17:50:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Mestrado Carol Spinola Correção Final.pdf: 1288993 bytes, checksum: 2bda3149606dd9c289679698a83d6cbc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Cristina Jorge null (anacris@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-07-17T18:28:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_ces_me_arafo_int.pdf: 1335157 bytes, checksum: c25b86d1526dd6b3333d99b75d0e04b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T18:28:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_ces_me_arafo_int.pdf: 1335157 bytes, checksum: c25b86d1526dd6b3333d99b75d0e04b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-17 / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resistência flexural de materiais restauradores resinosos provisórios (Systemp Onlay, Bifix Temp, Provyl Master F, Fill Magic e Clip F) após a fotopolimerização com sistema de fotoativação LED-laser: Radii-Cal (SDI, São Paulo, SP, BR). A resistência flexural demonstrada pelos materiais restauradores provisórios Provi Master F (Wilcos), Systemp (Ivoclair) e Fill Magic (Coltene) foi similar (p >0,05) e maior que a demonstrada pelos materiais restauradores BiFix (Voco) e Clip F (Voco) (p < 0,05). Por outro lado, a resistência flexural apresentada pelo BiFix e Clip F foi semelhante entre si (p > 0.05). Concluimos assim que os materiais Provi Master F, Systemp e Fill Magic são materiais de melhor escolha quando necessitamos de uma resistência maior às forças oclusais. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of temporary resin restorative materials (Systemp Onlay, Bifix Temp, Provyl Master F, Fill Magic e Clip F) after photopolymerization with LED-laser photoactivation system: : Radii-Cal (SDI, São Paulo, SP, BR). The flexural strength demonstrated by the provisional restorative materials Provi Master F (Wilcos), Systemp (Ivoclair) e Fill Magic (Coltene) was similar (p >0,05) and greater than that demonstrated by restorative materials BiFix (Voco) e Clip F (Voco) (p < 0,05). On the other hand, the flexural strength demonstrated by Be Fil and Clip F were similar among themselves (p > 0.05). We conclude that the materials Provi Master F, Systemp and Fill Magic are materials of better choice when we need a greater resistance to occlusal forces.