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Diskuse k zpravodajským článkům na sociálních sítích / Discussions on News Articles on social NetworksRozsypalová, Blanka January 2021 (has links)
The thesis focuses on discussions under news articles shared by news servers on the social network Facebook. The aim of this work is to summarize the existing understanding of the topic. Therefore, theoretical concepts connected to the topic are summarized. The thesis focuses on communication, online communication and the presence of news servers on social networks, as well as on the topic of anonymity on social networks and how anonymity can affect discussions. A chapter of the thesis focuses on the spiral of silence and its possible occurrence in discussions. Further, the thesis focuses on the freedom of speech as well as the new ways social networks are trying to fight disinformation and hate online. The empirical part focuses on how Facebook users view the use of social networks by news servers. Another part of the thesis focuses on a group of volunteers called #jsmetu. This group tries to make sure discussions are factual and are free from personal attacks and vulgarity. Three discussions are analysed - discussions #jsmetu took part in. The thesis investigates the influence #jsmetu has on discussions. Due to the topic of the thesis being a very current one, the thesis suggests more areas for further research.
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ヘイト・スピーチ規制に関する憲法学的考察 : 表現の自由を巡る現代的課題 / ヘイト・スピーチ キセイ ニカンスル ケンポウガクテキ コウサツ : ヒョウゲン ノ ジユウ オ メグル ゲンダイテキ カダイ / ヘイトスピーチ規制に関する憲法学的考察 : 表現の自由を巡る現代的課題桧垣 伸次, Shinji Higaki 17 September 2015 (has links)
博士(法学) / Doctor of Laws / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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Entrepreneurial rent-seeking behaviour in the context of governance conditionsChitishvili, Giga, Spottka, Matthias January 2022 (has links)
Entrepreneurship is often linked to some of the most compelling economic and social issues of our time and can therefore be emphasised as essential and relevant. This thesis puts entrepreneurial behaviour in the spotlight and adopts the theoretical lens that enterprises may act as rent-seekers, striving to influence the distribution of income and wealth at the political level for their personal benefit. Because the resources expended on political influence can be seen as non-productive, this entrepreneurial behaviour harms innovation, competitiveness, and the economy as a whole. This work is based on two case studies from two institutionally, politically and socially different contexts and aims to understand the rent-seeking behaviour of enterprises under conditions of governance. Accordingly, cases of Anaklia Deep Sea Port in Georgia and Nord Stream 2 in Germany are brought up for further scrutiny and analysis. The study emphasises the relevance of entrepreneurship as a contextual phenomenon and concludes that governance conditions of a country can have different influences on the rent-seeking behaviour of enterprises. Moreover, this study develops a conceptual generalisation and provides opportunities for further studies.
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[pt] A LIBERDADE DE EXPRESSÃO DO EMPREGADO NA INTERNET E O DIREITO À HONRA DO EMPREGADOR / [en] EMPLOYEE S FREEDOM OF SPEECH ON THE INTERNET AND EMPLOYERS HONORISABEL GODINHO DE LIMA 21 September 2023 (has links)
[pt] As manifestações de pensamento e opinião passaram a ocorrer de
forma mais intensa após o advento da internet, considerando que qualquer
pessoa conectada à rede pode realizar uma publicação de mensagem e esta
ter difusão e amplitude antes inimaginável - como, por exemplo, enviar um
conteúdo para uma ou mais pessoas que estão do outro lado do
mundo em tempo real e essa publicação ter visualizações na casa dos
milhões. A própria relação empregatícia está sendo impactada nesse aspecto.
O direito à liberdade de expressão passou a ser invocado de maneira
recorrente por empregados que têm sofrido represálias decorrentes de
manifestações na internet. Por outro lado, os empregadores têm como
principal respaldo legal para justificar suas atitudes o argumento que essas
manifestações lesam sua honra, e, com base no artigo 482, alínea K, da
Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (1943), que expressamente prevê que
constitui motivo suficiente para justa causa ato lesivo da honra ou da boa
fama ou ofensas físicas praticadas contra o empregador e superiores
hierárquicos (...), aplicam a justa causa. Portanto, há claramente colisão de
dois direitos garantidos constitucionalmente em uma relação marcada pela
subordinação jurídica do empregado ao empregador em virtude do contrato
de trabalho. Desse modo, torna-se fundamental entender o que determina a
preponderância de um ou outro direito quando estão em colisão, pois a
consequência da manifestação neste caso pode ser bem mais gravosa que se
fosse feita em uma relação entre comuns: o empregado pode ser dispensado
por justa causa, o que elimina não somente o seu sustento a curto prazo, mas
também uma série de direitos trabalhistas. Para compreender essa colisão,
além da pesquisa doutrinária, investiga-se como a liberdade de expressão do
empregado em manifestações na internet tem sido decidida pelos Tribunal
Regional do Trabalho da Terceira Região - Minas Gerais (TRT-3), Tribunal
Regional do Trabalho da Segunda Região - São Paulo (TRT-2) e Tribunal
Regional do Trabalho da Primeira Região - Rio de Janeiro (TRT-1), através
de análise dos acórdãos proferidos no período de 01/01/2015 até
31/12/2021. / [en] Manifestations of thought and opinion began to occur more intensely after the advent of the internet, considering that anyone connected to the network can write a message and share to everyone in a way previously unimaginable - for example, nowadays it is possible sending a messagem to one or more people who is on the other side of the world in real time and this publication reached a thousand views quickly. The employment relationship itself is also impacted in this aspect. The right to freedom of expression started to be used as argument by employees who have suffered reprisals as a result of manifestations on the internet. On the other hand, employers justify their attitudes with the answer that these manifestations harm their honor, and, based on article 482, K, of the Consolidation of Labor Laws (1943) in Brazil, which expressly provides that it constitutes sufficient reason to dismiss from the job act harmful to honor or good reputation or physical offenses committed against the employer and hierarchical superiors (...), to dimiss. Therefore, clearly there is a collision of two constitutional rights in a relationship marked by the legal subordination of the employee to the employer by employment contract. In this way, it is essential to understand what determines the preponderance of one or another right when they are in collision, since the consequence of the manifestation in this case can be much more serious than if it were made in a relationship between two common people: the employee can be dismissed for just cause, which eliminates not only their long-term support, but also a series of labor rights. In order to understand this collision, in addition to doctrinal research, it investigates how the employee s freedom of expression in internet demonstrations has been decided by the Regional Labor Court of the Third Region - Minas Gerais (TRT-3), Regional Labor Court of the Second Region - São Paulo (TRT-2) and Regional Labor Court of the First Region - Rio de Janeiro (TRT-1), through analysis of the judgments handed down from 01/01/2015 to 12/31/2021.
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Aftonbladets gestaltning av koranbränningar, då och nu. : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys om hur Aftonbladets gestaltning av koranbränning förändrats med tiden. / Aftonbladet's portrayal of Quran burnings, then and now. : A qualitative investigation into how Aftonbladet's portrayal of Quran burning has changed over time.Harpe, Emma, Bolin, Alma January 2024 (has links)
The purpose of this essay was to investigate how Quran burning is portrayed in Aftonbladet's reporting. The study is intended to examine three Quran burnings with each other in order to compare Aftonbladet's reporting. In addition to the portrayal of Quran burning, the study has investigated how the practitioners of Quran burning are portrayed in Aftonbladet. Using a thematic content analysis, the study's text material has been analyzed to produce a result. How an event is portrayed in the media in turn affects how the news is perceived by its audience. Therefore, we believe that it is socially relevant to investigate how Quran burning is portrayed, because in Sweden everyone has the right to express themselves freely. Based on the study's thematic analysis, we can see a connection in Aftobladet's reporting on Quran burning. Generally, violent protests and reactions are presented as a consequence of the Quran burnings. In Aftonbladets culture-, editorial- and commentary texts, the Quran burnings are portrayed as a hate crime, more than the right to express oneself freely. As Quran burning appears as a hate crime, the audience's attitude towards Quran burning tends to become more negative In the reporting about Rasmus Paludan and Salwan Momika, who both burned the Quran, Aftonbladet has made different choices in its presentation. Paludan is portrayed as a provocateur who uses freedom of speech in Sweden to provoke. His political affiliation is prominent in Aftonbladet's reporting and his gatherings are portrayed as provocative. Salwan Momika's nationality is not prominent and his Quran burning is not portrayed as provocative.
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Australia’s Covid-19 approach and its compatibility with John Stuart Mill’s Harm PrincipleDahlqvist, Rachel January 2022 (has links)
My aim with this essay is to investigate if Australia's approach; implementation of lockdown, vaccine passport and restriction of the right of assembly and the impact on public protest is compatible with John Stuart Mill's harm principle. I found a conflict between the individual freedom and harm to others. One the one hand, to implement restrictions intervenes with the autonomy of an individual; of one’s body, freedom to move around freely and with freedom of speech. But on the other hand, not implementing these restrictions could potentially harm others by letting the virus spread in the society. My interpretation of Mill's harm principle is that liberty originates from the individual as a progressive being, hence I claim that allowing people to live their life as they chose -”experiment of living”, will lead to a better and happier society. I argue that the Australian government's approaches during the Covid 19 pandemic was not compatible with the harm principle’s individualistic core as I claim Australia neglected individual freedom. However, I argue that some restrictions might be compatible to the harm principle if they are proportional, time limited and properly scrutinised.
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Att vara eller inte vara Charlie : En retorisk analys av opinionsmaterial från svenska webbtidningar efter attentatet mot Charlie Hebdos redaktion / To be or not to be Charlie Hebdo : A qualitative study of the debate in Swedish web magazines regarding the attack against Charlie Hebdos editorial officeHenrikson, Emilie, Lundholm, Erica January 2015 (has links)
This study aims to examine the argumentation regarding freedom of speech and the statement “je suis Charlie” (“I am Charlie”) in eight opinion articles from different Swedish web magazines. Two doctotral dissertations who’s main topics are the freedom of speech and different types of arguments regarding freedom of speach, was used in this study. The study also uses the actual Swedish law surrounding the freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press and breaches of these laws. Also mentioned as different types of theories are; utilitarianism and journalism ethics and standards. This is a qualitative study using rhetorical analysis as a main method, but the study also uses some tools from the field of argument analysis, such as theses and main arguments. The results from this study shows, amongst other things, that various arguments can be used when trying to get your view surrounding the freedom of speech across. However there seems to be a clear difference between the writers who argue that the freedom of speech is more important than the right to not having to be discriminated by a statement or an utterance, and the writers who argue that the right to not having to be discriminated by a statement is more important than the right to potentially disciminate someone while uttering something. The writers who share the first view presented here, that the freedom of speech is more important, are also the ones who support the expression ”I am Charlie”, and the writers who don’t think that the freedom of speech is of more importance than the right to not having to be discriminated, does not support the expression ”I am Charlie”. However, while looking at this study, it’s imoportant that the reader bares in mind that the results from it doesn’t say anythning about anything else apart from the articles studied.
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"We´re Not Gonna Take It Anymore" : Kränkning, moralpanik och populärmusikalisk diskurs / “We´re Not Gonna Take It Anymore” : Offence, moral panics andpopular music discourseSalman, Liljan January 2024 (has links)
Denna uppsats utforskar den intrikata dynamiken av sociala och kulturella kontroverser inom populärmusikalisk diskurs med specifikt fokus på kränkningar och deras konsekvenser. Genom en kvalitativ låttextanalys av fyra låtar från Parents Music Resource Centers (PMRC) ”The Filthy Fifteen”, diskuterar denna studie samspelet mellan kränkning, moralpanik, kulturkrig och yttrandefrihet ur kritiska perspektiv. Genom att utforska dessa spridda men sammanhängande ämnen med hermeneutik och intersektionalitet som teoretiska verktyg, eftersträvar uppsatsen att synliggöra utmaningarna som artister, organisationer och musiklyssnare står inför, den känsliga balansen mellan individuella och kollektiva uttryck av kränkningar.
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Media for change?: a critical examination of the open society initiative for Southern Africa's support to the media: 1997-2007Phiri, Samson Pharaoh 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)) / This study is broadly conceived within the case study format, as is
exemplified by the focus on the exploration of the orientations and
operational contexts of a single media-support organisation, the Open
Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA).
Within that research approach, the thesis examines the historical and
ideological designs of OSISA, the rationale for its existence, and its interlocking
linkages with international and Southern African-based media civil
society organisations.
The study argues that OSISA was formed in response to the evolving
political situations in parts of Southern Africa in the mid-1990s, which
include the collapse of apartheid in South Africa, and the crumbling of
many authoritarian regimes on much of the rest of the sub-continent. With
all these events taking place in a relatively short space of time, the
initiators of OSISA saw a window of opportunity for supporting and
influencing the political and social transformation processes, as well as
spreading the ideology of social ‘openness’.
As such, the thesis approaches OSISA as an institution that forms a part of
the movement towards democracy or Westernisation. The study therefore
documents and analyses the theoretical antecedents that contributed to the
evolution of open society ideals, and their transplantation to Southern
Africa. Thereafter, the study explores the nexus between OSISA and local
civil society groups. This exploration is done from the theoretical
assumption that no financial aid is given without strings attached.
The study thus concludes that although locally based civil society
organisations try to negotiate their operational spaces, in the final analysis,
such groups are all embedded in (and expected to play a role within) the
9
modernisation project, of which OSISA is just one of many instruments in
that grand global venture.
Finally, the study proposes a few areas for additional investigations which
could enhance our understanding of the global forces at work in Southern
Africa. / Communication Science
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Media for change?: a critical examination of the open society initiative for Southern Africa's support to the media: 1997-2007Phiri, Samson Pharaoh 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)) / This study is broadly conceived within the case study format, as is
exemplified by the focus on the exploration of the orientations and
operational contexts of a single media-support organisation, the Open
Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA).
Within that research approach, the thesis examines the historical and
ideological designs of OSISA, the rationale for its existence, and its interlocking
linkages with international and Southern African-based media civil
society organisations.
The study argues that OSISA was formed in response to the evolving
political situations in parts of Southern Africa in the mid-1990s, which
include the collapse of apartheid in South Africa, and the crumbling of
many authoritarian regimes on much of the rest of the sub-continent. With
all these events taking place in a relatively short space of time, the
initiators of OSISA saw a window of opportunity for supporting and
influencing the political and social transformation processes, as well as
spreading the ideology of social ‘openness’.
As such, the thesis approaches OSISA as an institution that forms a part of
the movement towards democracy or Westernisation. The study therefore
documents and analyses the theoretical antecedents that contributed to the
evolution of open society ideals, and their transplantation to Southern
Africa. Thereafter, the study explores the nexus between OSISA and local
civil society groups. This exploration is done from the theoretical
assumption that no financial aid is given without strings attached.
The study thus concludes that although locally based civil society
organisations try to negotiate their operational spaces, in the final analysis,
such groups are all embedded in (and expected to play a role within) the
9
modernisation project, of which OSISA is just one of many instruments in
that grand global venture.
Finally, the study proposes a few areas for additional investigations which
could enhance our understanding of the global forces at work in Southern
Africa. / Communication Science
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