Wilhelm von Bode and the International Art Market: the Unpublished Correspondence with Rudolphe Kann and Joseph Duveen This dissertation explores changing trends in the European and American art market in the late 19th and beginning of the 20th Centuries, in particular their influences, presented from the perspective of Wilhelm von Bode, renowned connoisseur and, at the time, director general of the Berlin Museums and explored predominantly through his relationship with the private collector Rudolphe Kann and art dealer Joseph Duveen. At the time, the collection of Rudolphe Kann was considered to be one of the most refined among the European private collections, yet it hasn't received much attention by contemporary scholars. This dissertation therefore offers the most systematic review of Kann's collection since 1907, the year when Bode compiled the revised catalogue. Wilhelm Bode was actively involved in building the Kann collection, as shown by the extensive numbers of private, previously unpublished, correspondence, which provided the foundation of this research. After the dealer Joseph Duveen bought the entire art collection of this prominent Parisian collector in the summer 1907 and subsequently sold almost all of the artworks to American collectors, the competitiveness of European private...

Ce mémoire est une étude sur les processus de création, de présentation et de représentation des valeurs artistiques et compare leur début de production stratégique, supposément basé sur les changements infrastructurels et les caractéristiques du marché, avec leur stade de consommation tardif, principalement impliqué dans la formation du marché qui ajuste les connaissances, les habitudes et les attitudes de la population. Le corpus de la recherche est divisé en trois parties: 1) contexte théorique. 2) Les archétypes des arts de haut niveau associés aux changements d’infrastructure. 3) Les archétypes des arts de bas niveau associés à l’attitude, aux connaissances et aux habitudes des consommateurs. La première partie examine l'évolution de certaines des théories des quatre domaines, économie politique, marché, marketing et éthique politique, ainsi que leurs effets sur la société occidentale du milieu du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours. La deuxième partie utilise ces théories pour identifier les jalons de l'art et explique différentes stratégies de production dans le monde de l'art occidental. La troisième partie modélise la formation des connaissances et de l’attitude du consommateur sur la base de certaines théories de la psychologie existantes et observe la tendance et le rythme des changements d’attitude du public sur le marché. Nous comparons la troisième partie avec la deuxième pour montrer que les arts de haut niveau et les arts de bas niveau ont un impact mutuel à long terme: les arts de haut niveau activement inspirent les arts de bas niveau; tandis que les arts de bas niveau passivement modifient les connaissances et l’attitude des consommateurs à propos des arts de haut niveau. / This memoire is a study on three processes, creation, presentation and representation of artistic values, and compares their early stage of strategic production, which is supposedly based on artist’s intention, infrastructural changes and type of market, with their late stage of consumption, which is mostly involved with a market training that adjusts population’s knowledge, habits, and attitudes. The corpus of the research is divided into three parts: 1) theoretical background. 2) Archetypes of highbrow arts associated to infrastructural changes. 3) Archetypes of lowbrow arts associated to consumer’s attitude, knowledge, and habits. The first part reviews the historic evolution of some of the fundamental theories of the four fields, econo-politics, market, marketing and political ethics and their hierarchical effects on the western society from the mid-eighteenth century to present. The second part uses those theories to identify milestones in front art and explains different strategic production patterns in the western art world. The third part models the formation of consumer’s knowledge and attitude based on some existing theories of psychology and observes the trend and pace of public’s attitude change in today’s market. We compare the third part with the second to show that highbrow and lowbrow arts have mutual impact over each other: highbrow arts actively inspire lowbrow arts; while, lowbrow arts passively change consumer’s knowledge and attitude about highbrow arts.

Wilhelm von Bode and the International Art Market: the Unpublished Correspondence with Rudolphe Kann and Joseph Duveen This dissertation explores changing trends in the European and American art market in the late 19th and beginning of the 20th Centuries, in particular their influences, presented from the perspective of Wilhelm von Bode, renowned connoisseur and, at the time, director general of the Berlin Museums and explored predominantly through his relationship with the private collector Rudolphe Kann and art dealer Joseph Duveen. At the time, the collection of Rudolphe Kann was considered to be one of the most refined among the European private collections, yet it hasn't received much attention by contemporary scholars. This dissertation therefore offers the most systematic review of Kann's collection since 1907, the year when Bode compiled the revised catalogue. Wilhelm Bode was actively involved in building the Kann collection, as shown by the extensive numbers of private, previously unpublished, correspondence, which provided the foundation of this research. After the dealer Joseph Duveen bought the entire art collection of this prominent Parisian collector in the summer 1907 and subsequently sold almost all of the artworks to American collectors, the competitiveness of European private...

[ES] La talla es uno de los procesos escultóricos más antiguos. Se trata de una técnica sustractiva en la cual, partiendo de una masa sólida, se da forma a la materia mediante el corte, cincelado o abrasión. Este medio, que se popularizó en el pasado y fue preferido por artistas como Fidias, Miguel Ángel, Brancusi o Barbara Hepworth, implica un proceso lento y laborioso, un desarrollo pausado. Es, en este sentido, un quehacer disonante en el contexto social actual, cuyo modo de vida, rápido y agitado, no lo asumiría con naturalidad en el sistema artístico. Y su uso, en el arte de hoy, ha decaído hasta condicionarlo con la expresión "estar pasado de moda". Esta investigación analiza, desde aproximaciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, lo que se configura como un corpus documental para presentar una guía de artistas contemporáneos, cuyas poéticas siguen mostrando el protagonismo de este tipo de procedimiento escultórico. De este modo, intentamos argumentar razonadamente que no solo resiste al paso del tiempo, sino que ha logrado adaptarse a nuestro contexto creativo actual. / [CA] La talla és un dels processos escultòrics més antics. Es tracta d'una tècnica subtractiva en la qual, partint d'una massa sòlida, es forma la matèria mitjançant el tall, el cisellat o l'abrasió. Aquest mitjà, que es va popularitzar en el passat i que va ser el preferit d'artistes com Fídies, Miquel Àngel, Brancusi o Barbara Hepworth, implica un procés lent i laboriós, això és, un desenvolupament pausat. En aquest sentit, és una tasca dissonant en el context social actual, atés que, la manera de viure actual, ràpida i atrafegada, no ho assumiria amb naturalitat en el sistema artístic. A més, el seu ús, actualment, ha decaigut, fins al punt d'haver estat etiquetada com una tècnica "passada de moda". En aquesta investigació s'analitza, des d'aproximacions quantitatives i qualitatives, el que es configura com un corpus documental, per tal de presentar una guia d'artistes contemporanis, les poètiques dels quals segueixen mostrant el protagonisme d'aquest tipus de procediment escultòric. D'aquesta manera, intentem argumentar raonadament que aquesta tècnica no sols resisteix al pas del temps, sinó que ha aconseguit adaptar-se al context creatiu actual / [EN] Carving is one of the oldest sculptural processes. It is a subtractive technique through which starting from a solid mass the material is shaped by the cutting, the chiseling or the abrasion. This means, which became very popular in the past and which was preferred by artists such as Phidias, Michelangelo, Brancusi or Barbara Hepworth, involves both a slow and laborious process and also a measured development. According to this, it is a dissonant work in the contemporany social context, whose fast and hectic lifestyle would not assume it as a natural issue into the artistic system. Moreover, its use in today's art has declined such an extent that these days it is considered as"out of fashion". This research analyses what it is configurated as a documentary corpus from both qualitative and quantitative approaches, in order to introduce a guide of contemporary artists whose poetics go on showing the importance of this kind of sculpture technique. In this way, we are trying to argue thoughtfully that it has not only resisted the passage of time but it has also been able to adapt it to our current context. / Samo Terrasa, A. (2022). La talla en el mercado del arte en Europa Occidental. Una revisión de la actualidad (2018-2020) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/189152

[ES] La presente investigación consiste en un estudio de la política cultural dominicana y su incidencia en el desarrollo de las artes visuales, partiendo del caso de la Bienal Nacional de Artes Visuales, en el período comprendido desde el año de su nacimiento (1942) hasta el 2015. Partimos de la hipótesis de que las políticas culturales asumidas por los diversos gobiernos, en el período histórico estudiado, han incidido en su desarrollo. El objetivo general de este estudio es analizar la evolución histórica de la política cultural dominicana y su nivel de repercusión en el proceso evolutivo de las artes visuales dominicanas, visto a través del caso de la Bienal Nacional de Artes Visuales. En ese sentido hemos investigado las principales acciones de la política cultural del estado que influyeron en el nacimiento y desarrollo de la Bienal Nacional de Artes Visuales; incluyendo el análisis histórico de la inversión estatal en el sector cultural, así como el contexto artístico dominicano, que incluye un análisis comparativo de las 28 ediciones estudiadas, con la intención de contribuir en la recuperación de la memoria histórico-visual del más importante evento oficial de las artes visuales de la República Dominicana. Aportando en la solución de uno de los principales problemas de los estudios culturales nacionales, consistente en la inexistencia y/o escasez, dispersión y desactualización de los datos y publicaciones alusivas al tema estudiado. Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos empleamos fuentes documentales mixtas de carácter físico y virtuales: libros, catálogos y fuentes hemerográficas en bibliotecas y archivos del sector artístico-cultural, así como del sector legislativo, administrativo y financiero del gobierno. Esta tesis está estructurada en cinco capítulos que abordan inicialmente diferentes aspectos del marco conceptual y contextual, como los conceptos de cultura, política cultural y el contexto histórico-artístico del tema objeto de estudio. Asimismo, se compilaron en los subsiguientes capítulos datos e informaciones relevantes -actualmente dispersos- de cuestiones fundamentales de la historia y desarrollo de la Bienal, como una amplia cronología que incluye aspectos organizativos del evento; así como un amplio compendio de imágenes de las obras ganadoras en las 28 ediciones realizadas entre 1942 y el 2015. Concluyendo que la Bienal Nacional de Artes Visuales es el principal evento oficial de las artes visuales de la República Dominicana, que se ha ido constituyendo a través del tiempo en patrimonio tangible de la nación y en una plataforma y un espacio imprescindible para el posicionamiento, promoción, proyección y legitimación tanto de artistas como de movimientos, a partir de la incidencia desigual de la política cultural del estado en los diferentes períodos de gobierno abordados en esta investigación. / [CA] La present investigació consisteix en un estudi de la política cultural dominicana i la seua incidència en el desenvolupament de les arts visuals, partint del cas de la Biennal Nacional d'Arts Visuals, en el període comprés des de l'any del seu naixement (1942) fins al 2015. Partim de la hipòtesi que les polítiques culturals assumides pels diversos governs, en el període històric estudiat, han incidit en el seu desenvolupament. L'objectiu general d'aquest estudi és analitzar l'evolució històrica de la política cultural dominicana i el seu nivell de repercussió en el procés evolutiu de les arts visuals dominicanes, vist a través del cas de la Biennal Nacional d'Arts Visuals. En aqueix sentit hem investigat les principals accions de la política cultural de l'estat que van influir en el naixement i desenvolupament de la Biennal Nacional d'Arts Visuals; incloent l'anàlisi històrica de la inversió estatal en el sector cultural, així com el context artístic dominicà, que inclou una anàlisi comparativa de les 28 edicions estudiades, amb la intenció de contribuir en la recuperació de la memòria històric-visual del més important esdeveniment oficial de les arts visuals de la República Dominicana. Aportant en la solució d'un dels principals problemes dels estudis culturals nacionals, consistent en la inexistència i/o escassetat, dispersió i *desactualización de les dades i publicacions al·lusives al tema estudiat. Per a aconseguir els objectius proposats emprem fonts documentals mixtes de caràcter físic i virtuals: llibres, catàlegs i fonts hemerogràfiques en biblioteques i arxius del sector artístic-cultural, així com del sector legislatiu, administratiu i financer del govern. Aquesta tesi està estructurada en cinc capítols que aborden inicialment diferents aspectes del marc conceptual i contextual, com els conceptes de cultura, política cultural i el context historicoartístic del tema objecte d'estudi. Així mateix, es van compilar en els subsegüents capítols dades i informacions rellevants -actualment dispersos- de qüestions fonamentals de la història i desenvolupament de la Biennal, com una àmplia cronologia que inclou aspectes organitzatius de l'esdeveniment; així com un ampli compendi d'imatges de les obres guanyadores en les 28 edicions realitzades entre 1942 i el 2015. Concloent que la Biennal Nacional d'Arts Visuals és el principal esdeveniment oficial de les arts visuals de la República Dominicana, que s'ha anat constituint a través del temps en patrimoni tangible de la nació i en una plataforma i un espai imprescindible per al posicionament, promoció, projecció i legitimació tant d'artistes com de moviments, a partir de la incidència desigual de la política cultural de l'estat en els diferents períodes de govern abordats en aquesta investigació / [EN] The current investigation consists of a study of the Dominican political culture and its impact on the development of visual arts, based on the case of the National Biennial of Visual Arts and covering the period from the year of its birth in 1942 until 2015. We started from the hypothesis that the cultural policies adopted by the various governments, in the historical period studied, have influenced their development. The overall objective of this study is to analyse the historical evolution of Dominican political cultural policies and the level of repercussions it had on the evolutionary process of Dominican visual arts, using the National Biennial of Visual Arts as our study case. Thus, we have investigated the main actions of the state's cultural policies that influenced the birth and the development of the National Biennial of Visual Arts, including the historical analysis of state investments in the cultural sector as well as the Dominican artistic context which includes a comparative analysis of the 28 National Biennials done with the intention of contributing to the recovery of the historical and visual memory of the most important official event of visual arts in the Dominican Republic. This will contribute to solving one of the main problems of national cultural studies, i.e. the absence of and/or scarcity, dispersion and availability of outdated data and publications referring to the subject studied. To achieve the intended objectives, we have used a combination of both physical and virtual documentary sources: books, catalogues and newspaper sources from libraries and archives of the artistic-cultural sector, as well as sources from the government's legislative, administrative and financial sector. The study is structured into five chapters initially addressing different aspects of the conceptual and contextual framework, such as the concepts of culture, cultural policy and the historical-artistic context of the topic being studied. Similarly, in the subsequent chapters, relevant data and information - currently dispersed - on fundamental issues of the history and development of the Biennial were compiled, such as an extensive chronology that includes organisational aspects of the event as well as a wide compendium of images of the award winning works in the 28 editions which took place between 1942 and 2015. Our conclusion is that the National Biennial of Visual Arts is the main official event of Visual Arts of the Dominican Republic. Over time, it became a tangible national heritage and a platform and essential space for the positioning, the promotion, the projection and legitimization of both artists and artistic movements, based on the unequal incidence of the state's cultural policy during the different periods of government addressed by this study. / Ditrén Flores, ME. (2023). Aproximación a la política cultural dominicana y su incidencia en el desarrollo de las artes. El caso de las bienales de artes visuales (1942-2015) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/196733

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Armando Coelho.pdf: 2388570 bytes, checksum: d7b58d3c0e7f7ee3abd1512149c20c6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-07 / This research CARLOS SENA: THE ARTIST STEPS INTO THE GOIÂNIA ART SCENE (1980-1989) focuses on Carlos Sena s professional status and productions of plastic arts in the goianiense visual arts community from the 80s. He is known for his many group expositions and private art shows, festival awards, and being an active member of the art jury at festivals. He is also well known for his intense production in painting, which was divided into two phases. The first phase being the first half of the 80s and the second being the other half of the decade. This period revealed an artist who dedicated the same posture to technician in drawing and painting as in experimental arts. During this time, it is possible to observe into the Carlos Sena´s iconography, several symbolisms which dialogue with several discussions from the period, as sexuality, mass media, and symbolic power. The analysis of Sena´s paintings of this time follows the analysis system adopted from the authors Ferreira Gullar e Gaston Bachelard. It happened to be during his painting production in the 80s, that arts career became a professional job in Goiânia, conducting the research to verify the connection between the art work and market structure. This research presents the Goiânia artistic scenario from the 80s that focuses on Carlos Sena´s presence and artist market from the period. / O trabalho CARLOS SENA: A TRAJETÓRIA DE UM ARTISTA NA ARTE GOIANA (1980-1989) focaliza a presença profissional e a produção plástica do artista Carlos Sena dentro do cenário das artes visuais goianienses dos anos 80. Presença esta marcada por exposições individuais e coletivas, prêmios em salões de arte e membro de júris de seleção de trabalhos artísticos; e uma produção intensa em pintura que, dividida em duas fases esteticamente distintas, na primeira e na segunda metade da década de 80, revelaram um artista dedicado com o mesmo afinco à busca pela supremacia técnica assim como à entrega ao experimentalismo visual. Durante todo o período é observado na iconografia de Carlos Sena elementos simbólicos que dialogavam com diversos temas proeminentes do período; como sexualidade, comunicação de massas e mercado de bens simbólicos. A leitura dessas pinturas é realizada seguindo os parâmetros de análise de obras de arte adotados por autores como Ferreira Gullar e Gaston Bachelard. O período de produção das pinturas analisadas coincide com o momento de profissionalização do fazer artístico em Goiânia, conduzindo então a uma verificação das obras em conexão com a estrutura mercantil presente na arte local da época. Este trabalho apresenta o cenário artístico goiano da década de 80 privilegiando a participação do artista Carlos Sena e ressaltando a importância do mercado artístico goianiense durante o período.

Esta dissertação tem por tema a pintura de história de Antônio Parreiras (1860-1937) realizada durante a Primeira República (1889-1930). Busca compreender a atuação do pintor no embrionário mercado das artes do entresséculos XIX-XX, com ênfase nas relações estabelecidas com os poderes públicos. Pretende mostrar como Parreiras foi capaz de estimular a demanda por pinturas decorativas para os espaços públicos que estavam sendo construídos ou reformados a fim de atender as necessidades do novo regime. Discute como, nestas obras, se combinaram ditames do encomendante e vontade do artista, que, para além de cumprir os contratos, imprimiu nos quadros sua visão da história nacional. Propõe uma compreensão das telas históricas de Parreiras analisadas à luz dos debates artísticos, intelectuais e historiográficos da época. Nesse sentido, salientamos o capítulo final da dissertação, dedicado à análise da representação dos indígenas em sua obra. Através desta investigação pretende-se iluminar o papel desempenhado por Antônio Parreiras em um ambiente marcado por disputas simbólicas renhidas. / The subject of this dissertation is the historical painting of Antônio Parreiras (1860-1937) produced during Brazilian\'s First Republic (1889-1930). It seeks to understand the painter\'s role in the embryonic art market between the XIX and XX centuries, emphasizing the establishment of relationships between him and the governments. It aims to show how Parreiras was able to stimulate the demand for decorative paintings for the public spaces that were being built or remodeled to meet the needs of the new regime. Furthermore, it discusses how, in his paintings, the ditames of the ordering party were combined with the will of the artist whom, besides fulfilling the contracts, imprinted on the paintings his vision of the national history. Parreiras\' historical canvases are important elements in the genesis process of our country\'s regional identities, throughout the making of republican ideal. This analysis intends to shed light on the part played by Antônio Parreiras in an artistic and intellectual environment marked by instability and hard fought contested symbolic disputes.

Esta dissertação tem por tema a pintura de história de Antônio Parreiras (1860-1937) realizada durante a Primeira República (1889-1930). Busca compreender a atuação do pintor no embrionário mercado das artes do entresséculos XIX-XX, com ênfase nas relações estabelecidas com os poderes públicos. Pretende mostrar como Parreiras foi capaz de estimular a demanda por pinturas decorativas para os espaços públicos que estavam sendo construídos ou reformados a fim de atender as necessidades do novo regime. Discute como, nestas obras, se combinaram ditames do encomendante e vontade do artista, que, para além de cumprir os contratos, imprimiu nos quadros sua visão da história nacional. Propõe uma compreensão das telas históricas de Parreiras analisadas à luz dos debates artísticos, intelectuais e historiográficos da época. Nesse sentido, salientamos o capítulo final da dissertação, dedicado à análise da representação dos indígenas em sua obra. Através desta investigação pretende-se iluminar o papel desempenhado por Antônio Parreiras em um ambiente marcado por disputas simbólicas renhidas. / The subject of this dissertation is the historical painting of Antônio Parreiras (1860-1937) produced during Brazilian\'s First Republic (1889-1930). It seeks to understand the painter\'s role in the embryonic art market between the XIX and XX centuries, emphasizing the establishment of relationships between him and the governments. It aims to show how Parreiras was able to stimulate the demand for decorative paintings for the public spaces that were being built or remodeled to meet the needs of the new regime. Furthermore, it discusses how, in his paintings, the ditames of the ordering party were combined with the will of the artist whom, besides fulfilling the contracts, imprinted on the paintings his vision of the national history. Parreiras\' historical canvases are important elements in the genesis process of our country\'s regional identities, throughout the making of republican ideal. This analysis intends to shed light on the part played by Antônio Parreiras in an artistic and intellectual environment marked by instability and hard fought contested symbolic disputes.

La marchandisation de l’art se traduit par une dérive progressive de l'esprit de collection. Elle est notamment perceptible dans le désir de plus-value des collectionneurs, qui va de pair avec le fait que l'aura de la valeur artistique et esthétique d'une œuvre est fonction du prix qu'elle atteint en tant que marchandise de luxe dans les salles de vente. La valeur de l’art s’en est trouvée assujettie à un marché capitaliste dont les guerres ont paradoxalement favorisé la mondialisation. Ce marché de l’art, qui est en cours de restructuration permanente, favorise chez les artistes une course à la « starification » et à des cotations tout particulièrement ambivalentes. Faut-il en conclure que la marchandisation a pris le pas sur l'artistique, le prix sur la valeur de l’œuvre, le lucre sur l'esthétique ? Cette thèse défend l'idée que la force, et la ruse des œuvres d'art, se manifestent dans leur capacité, à se jouer du milieu religieux, idéologique ou imagologique dans lequel elles voient le jour. Cette force se révèle aujourd'hui dans l’aptitude du geste créateur, qui relève — Marcel Mauss l'a bien vu — fondamentalement du don et du contre-don, à faire voler en éclat les illusions engendrées par la marchandisation. En permettant à l’imaginaire de s’incarner à l’égal du réel, l’artiste ouvre le champ infini des possibles. C'est pourquoi la vie des œuvres d'art n'en finit pas de rendre le cosmos cosmétique, quitte à se servir du « lucre » comme d'un appât habile à stimuler le marché, dont se sert in fine, sa « main invisible ». / The commodification of art results in a gradual drift of the collection spirit. This is particularly noticeable in the desire of collectors for added value, which goes hand in hand with the fact that the aura of the artistic and aesthetic value of work depends on the price it has achieved as a luxury commodity in the sales rooms. The result was a subjugation of the value of art to a capitalist market whose wars paradoxally favored globalization. This art market, which is undergoing permanent restructuring, favors artists’ quest for « starification » and particularly ambivalent ratings. Must we conclude that commodification has overtaken the artistics, that the price is now beyond the value, the profit beyond the aesthetic ? This thesis defends the idea that force and cunning of works of art are manifested in their opportune ability to trifle with the religions, ideological or imaginary environment in which they emerge. This force is today identified in the aptitude of the creative gesture, which – Marcel Mauss saw clearly – is fundamentally a gift and a counter-gift, to smash to pieces the illusions engendered by the commodification. And strong work links the imaginary to the symbolics to become « real ». By making the imaginary equal to the real, the artist opens the infinite field of possibilities. This is why the life of works of art never ceases to make the cosmos cosmetic, even if it uses the « lucre » as a bait skilful enough to stimulate the market, which is, in fine, manipulated by its « invisible hand ».