One of the realities that developing countries like Nigeria have to face today is that national and international markets have become more and more interconnected through the global platform of telecommunications and the Internet. This global networked economy is creating a paradigm shift in the focus of development goals and strategies particularly for developing countries. Globalisation is driving the nations of the world more into political and economic integration. These integrations are enhanced by a globally interconnected network of economic and communication systems at the apex of which is the Internet. This network of networks thrives on and encourages the expansion of cross-border flows of ideas and information, goods and services, technology and capital. Being an active member of the global network economy is essential to Nigeria’s economic development. It must plug into the network or risk being shut out. The global market network operates by means of rules and standards that are largely set by the dominant players in the network. Data protection is a critical component of the regime of rules and standards that govern the global network economy; it is evolving into an international legal order that transcends geographical boundaries. The EU Directive on data protection is the de facto global standard for data protection; it threatens to exclude non-EU countries without an adequate level of privacy protection from the EU market. More than 50 countries have enacted data protection laws modelled on the EU standard. Access to the huge EU market is a major motivation for the current trend in global harmonisation of domestic data protection laws. This trend provides a compelling reason for examining the issues relating to data protection and trans-border data flows and their implications for Nigeria’s desire to integrate into the global network economy. There are two primary motivations for legislating restrictions on the flow of data across national boundaries. The first is the concern for the privacy of the citizens, and second, securing the economic well-being of a nation. It is important that Nigeria’s privacy protection keeps pace with international norms in the provision of adequate protection for information privacy order to prevent potential impediments to international trading opportunities. / Public, Constitutional, & International / LLD

Marist International University College, Nairobi – Kenya is challenged with problems like duplication of work due to lack of a central repository for knowledge, loss of knowledge through expertise leaving the institution without knowledge being captured and over reliance on a few known subject experts as others have not been identified. This research thus set out to address these problems. The aim of the study was to conduct a knowledge management assessment at the Marist International University College (MIUC) in order to identify and recommend a suitable strategy for the institution. The study employed a concurrent triangulation mixed methodology approach which encompassed a questionnaire and an interview schedule to collect data from 33 academic staff and 9 members of the MIUC management respectively. These two groups were purposively selected as the target population for the study as they play the key role in knowledge creation at MIUC. All 33 copies of the questionnaires that were distributed to the teaching staff were returned by respondents and all the 9 MIUC members of management were successfully interviewed. Data transformation analysis was applied during which qualitative data from open-ended questions and interviews were quantified using content analysis. Quantitative data in the questionnaires was descriptively analysed using SPSS. The study revealed a variety of informal knowledge management structures and resources at MIUC and the challenges of managing knowledge at Marist. The main challenge was that there was no uniformity and consistency in the management of knowledge. The study hence, formulated a KM strategy for MIUC that would help leverage its knowledge assets. / Information Science / MA (Information Science)

本研究的目的是探討大陸網路媒體如何建構知識產權，而此一建構又對人構成什麼樣的張力，並由此進一步反思知識經濟時代下的身體政治學。研究途徑是文化研究，並利用論述理論進行分析。 著作權、專利權、商標權是知識產權三大主要內涵，本研究選擇了王同億現象作為著作權的案例；漢芯晶片造假事件作為專利權的案例；爽歪歪爭議事件作為商標權的案例，經由解構上述案例的網路文本，以見建構它們、評價它們價值的論述立場為何。 而這些論述立場，可分為由黨國體制主導的主流立場與作為他者的非主立場。主流立場是由黨國主導，包括了追求黨國為公、民族先進、經濟規範、知識創新等論述，它是一套中國知識經濟追趕戰略；非主流立場則是相對於主流立場的黨國貪腐、民族落後、經濟無序、知識造假等論述。在國家介入，以及知識經濟與網路媒體促使資訊快速流通、議題快速汰換等因素作用下，這兩個立場是討論知識產權事件的限制性框架。 知識產權與網路審查是國家機器為適應知識經濟潮流的自我調適，並利用它們將知識創意活動侷限在以經濟發展、民族主義為目標等無關黨國體制的範疇上，以免創意活動危及黨國。國家機器利用掌握知識產權的法律力量與網路媒體的宣傳力量，吸引與主導了主流立場的結盟。在威權政治透過法律與宣傳加緊催化下，主流立場加緊活動，同時也就激發了非主流立場的反作用力，正反勢力互相拉抬、互相證成以致知識經濟時代下大陸的文化圖像呈現出威權政治引導下的眾聲喧嘩之景。 在此眾聲喧嘩下產生的知識產權生產活動，或相應而生的偽劣假冒活動，均會被收編，以有助國家主導的主流價值再生產。基於民族國家和公民身體的辯證統一的現代國家權力形態，以及知識經濟代表意識為身體服務的邏輯，主流價值的再生產亦即身體得到照顧與伸展。雖然威權體制致國家較身體享有更大能動性，但在威權體制集中施力的情況下，也將驅動主流、非主流雙方互動更形熱烈，提高了人遊走在從屬性、能動性、與解放性的機會與速率。因此，知識經濟的環境，創造了一個國家與身體在知識產權論述中介下，緊密鑲嵌，相依並存的關係。而知識經濟下的身體政治學，是國家提取身體力量之學，也是國家滿足身體須要之學，也是身體在從屬中取得能動性與解放之學。 / The aim of the dissertation is to discuss how online media of Mainland China construct intellectual property, and what kind of tension does the construction set up to human being. Furthermore, I can introspect body politics in time of knowledge economy. I use cultural studies as methodology and analyses by discourse theory. Copyrights, patent rights and trademark rights are three mainly components of intellectual property. The dissertation selected the phenomena of tong-yi wang as case of copyrights, hanxin fake event as case of patent rights, and shuang wai wai as case of trademark rights. I construct and evaluate their value of discourse position by way of deconstruct cybertext of the three cases. The discourse positions can be divided mainstream position dominated by party-state system and the position of non-mainstream as the other. Mainstream position means dominated by party-state. The discourses contain pursuit of whole interests of party-state, advancement of nation, norms of economy and innovation of knowledge. It’s a catch-up strategy of knowledge economy of Mainland China. The discourses of non-mainstream position, as opposite of mainstream,contain party-state corruption, failure of nation, disorder of economy and fake of knowledge. The two positions are limited frameworks in discussing events of intellectual property because of the interactions of factors such as state intervention, rapid flow information by knowledge economy and online media, rapid issue update, etc. Intellectual property and cyber examination is self adjustment of state mechanism for the purpose of adaptation of knowledge economy. Activities of knowledge innovation should be limited in economic development and nationalism that without any connection of category of party-state system. So the activities of innovation won’t be hazardous to party-state. State mechanism used the legal power of controlling intellectual property and propaganda of cyber media and attracted and dominated the alliance of mainstream position. Mainstream position accelerated activities under catalysis of law and propaganda in authoritarian regime. And it stimulated the power of counter-operation of non-mainstream position. The mutual promotion and mutual confirm lead to phenomena of heteroglossia that constructing cultural image of time of knowledge economy in Mainland China. The production activities of intellectual property under heteroglossia, or the fake and copy activities accompany with them will be all recruited and helpful reproduction of main value that dominated by state. Based on the form of state power of dialection and unification of nation state and civil body, and the logic of consciousness served for body, the reproduction of main value means the body can be took after and extension. Although state owns greater autonomous than body under authoritarian regime, but under the condition of concentration of power of authoritarian regime, the interaction of mainstream and non-mainstream will be more frequent. This will promote the opportunity and rapidity of belonging, autonomous and emancipation of human being. So it will create a relationship of mutually embedded and existence under discourse of intellectual property of state and body. Body politics under knowledge economy is a discipline of state’s extracting body strength, a discipline of state’s satisfaction of body requirement, a discipline of body’s acquiring autonomy and emancipation under subordination also.

One of the realities that developing countries like Nigeria have to face today is that national and international markets have become more and more interconnected through the global platform of telecommunications and the Internet. This global networked economy is creating a paradigm shift in the focus of development goals and strategies particularly for developing countries. Globalisation is driving the nations of the world more into political and economic integration. These integrations are enhanced by a globally interconnected network of economic and communication systems at the apex of which is the Internet. This network of networks thrives on and encourages the expansion of cross-border flows of ideas and information, goods and services, technology and capital. Being an active member of the global network economy is essential to Nigeria’s economic development. It must plug into the network or risk being shut out. The global market network operates by means of rules and standards that are largely set by the dominant players in the network. Data protection is a critical component of the regime of rules and standards that govern the global network economy; it is evolving into an international legal order that transcends geographical boundaries. The EU Directive on data protection is the de facto global standard for data protection; it threatens to exclude non-EU countries without an adequate level of privacy protection from the EU market. More than 50 countries have enacted data protection laws modelled on the EU standard. Access to the huge EU market is a major motivation for the current trend in global harmonisation of domestic data protection laws. This trend provides a compelling reason for examining the issues relating to data protection and trans-border data flows and their implications for Nigeria’s desire to integrate into the global network economy. There are two primary motivations for legislating restrictions on the flow of data across national boundaries. The first is the concern for the privacy of the citizens, and second, securing the economic well-being of a nation. It is important that Nigeria’s privacy protection keeps pace with international norms in the provision of adequate protection for information privacy order to prevent potential impediments to international trading opportunities. / Public, Constitutional, and International / LL. D.

Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons la nécessité de l’appropriation de l’Intelligence Economique (IE) en tant que culture et mode de gouvernance alternatif capable d’aider un pays en développement à affronter les défis et enjeux triple. Ceux relatifs au sous-développement, au développement alternatif et à la mondialisation. S’approprier l’IE dans le contexte particulier de l’économie Congolaise pour en faire un mode de gouvernance au service du développement et de la coopétitivité renvoie ainsi à deux exigences. La première, consiste à revisiter l’IE afin de mettre en valeur ses avancées, révéler ses limites et l’enrichir d’une capacité de réponse adaptée aux besoins d’un pays en développement. La deuxième exigence consiste à analyser le champ d’appropriation de l’IE afin d’en identifier la nature, d’en dresser le profil et d’articuler ces éléments à ceux des moyens de l’IE dont la plasticité acquise permet désormais d’être adaptés à la contingence en examen. L’objectif est de proposer des moyens pertinents à la mise en œuvre efficiente de l’IE. La conceptualisation des modes opératoires d’intelligence et de sécurité économique (2S-MOISE) chevillé au dispositif stratégique et opératoire du développement (DS-OD), au « M’BONGUI » ainsi qu’au schéma d’analyse de dominance systémique nous permet de répondre à cette double exigence. L’usage de la démarche incrémentale via la transculturation nous permet par ailleurs de présenter les modalités concrètes du processus d’appropriation de l’IE grâce à l’action de la direction générale de l’économie (DGE), vectrice dudit processus tant au sein des instances nationales, qu’au niveau du système éducatif et dans la sphère entrepreneuriale. Une série de préconisations dont la définition d’éléments d’une politique publique d’IE, la mise en place d’un dispositif d’IE et d’un système d’information qui réponde aux besoins de gouvernance fonctionnelle, opérationnelle et stratégique ont été proposés. / In this thesis, we demonstrate the need for ownership of Competitive Intelligence (CI) as a culture and way of governance alternative that can help a developing country to face the triple challenges and issues. Those related to underdevelopment, alternative development and globalization. EI ownership in the particular context of the Congolese economy into a mode of governance for development and coopétitivité thus refers to two requirements. The first is to revisit the IE to showcase its advances, revealing its limitations and to enhance response capability tailored to the needs of a developing country. The second requirement is to analyze the scope of appropriation of IE in order to identify the nature, to raise the profile and articulate its elements to those means which the IE can now acquired plasticity of be adapted to contingency under consideration. The objective is to propose ways relevant to the efficient implementation of EI. The conceptualization of intelligence procedures and economic security (2S-MOSES) pegged to device strategic and operational development (OD-DS), the "M'BONGUI" and the pattern of systemic dominance analysis allows us to meet both requirements. The use of the incremental approach through transculturation also allows us to present the actual procedures of appropriation of the IE through the action of the General Directorate of the Economy (DGE) vector process that bothnational fora, that the education system and in the entrepreneurial sphere. A series of recommendations which define elements of a public policy of IE, the setting up of an IE and an information system that meets the needs of functional governance, operational and strategic are been proposed.

Dans un contexte qualifié d’ « économie du savoir », où la croissance de l’économie mondiale repose de plus en plus sur les activités intensives en connaissance, la thèse s’interroge sur la capacité de deux petits États insulaires en développement – Maurice et Trinidad – à s’adapter pour s'intégrer à cette dynamique. Ces anciennes colonies britanniques, membres du Commonwealth depuis leur accession à l'indépendance dans les années soixante, font état d’indicateurs de développement en constante progression et sont souvent considérées comme des modèles de réussite économique. La thèse étudie la mise en place des institutions dans ces pays et cherche à évaluer dans quelle mesure l’héritage de la période coloniale, à travers la trace qu'ils en conservent dans la période contemporaine, peut faciliter la transition de leurs économies vers les secteurs intensifs en savoir. Pour ce faire, elle retrace leur trajectoire de développement institutionnel et économique des origines jusqu’à nos jours et elle s’intéresse notamment aux mesures prises aujourd’hui pour doter le pays du cadre nécessaire à l’économie de la connaissance, en particulier à travers le rôle de l’enseignement supérieur en tant qu’outil fondamental pour former le capital humain. Tout en reconnaissant que certains des atouts dont disposent les deux pays pour s’engager dans ce processus avec succès peuvent être mis en relation avec leur passé colonial, la thèse approfondit l’hypothèse que leur transformation en économies de la connaissance risque aussi d'être entravée par des caractéristiques héritées de cette période et qui, des décennies après l'accession à l'indépendance, freinent une large diffusion de la connaissance au sein de leur population. / At a time when economic growth is thought to be driven primarily by knowledge, the purpose of this research is to analyse to what extent two Small Island Developing States – Mauritius and Trinidad – are adequately equipped for this new economic context. As former British colonies, they both joined the Commonwealth upon gaining independence in the nineteen-sixties and they have since largely succeeded in overcoming their initially unfavourable conditions. Today, their good political, economic and social development is widely acknowledged. The main focus of this research is to evaluate how far colonial legacy, which is still visible in the contemporary institutions of both these states, can favour the transition they wish to undertake towards knowledge-intensive activities as drivers of economic growth. For this purpose, the research analyses the development trajectory followed by their institutions and their economy spanning the whole period of their colonial and post-independence history; additionally, this research considers the steps which are undertaken nowadays to build the framework required to foster a knowledge economy by studying more specifically the role of higher education as an essential tool for human capital formation. While upholding that some of the assets which could help them achieve their objectives can be linked to their colonial past, the research contends that the transformation of these two countries into knowledge-based economies could be hindered by the legacy of colonisation on some of their current features and which, decades after gaining independence, impedes the widespread diffusion of knowledge amongst their population.

Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons la nécessité de l’appropriation de l’Intelligence Economique (IE) en tant que culture et mode de gouvernance alternatif capable d’aider un pays en développement à affronter les défis et enjeux triple. Ceux relatifs au sous-développement, au développement alternatif et à la mondialisation. S’approprier l’IE dans le contexte particulier de l’économie Congolaise pour en faire un mode de gouvernance au service du développement et de la coopétitivité renvoie ainsi à deux exigences. La première, consiste à revisiter l’IE afin de mettre en valeur ses avancées, révéler ses limites et l’enrichir d’une capacité de réponse adaptée aux besoins d’un pays en développement. La deuxième exigence consiste à analyser le champ d’appropriation de l’IE afin d’en identifier la nature, d’en dresser le profil et d’articuler ces éléments à ceux des moyens de l’IE dont la plasticité acquise permet désormais d’être adaptés à la contingence en examen. L’objectif est de proposer des moyens pertinents à la mise en œuvre efficiente de l’IE. La conceptualisation des modes opératoires d’intelligence et de sécurité économique (2S-MOISE) chevillé au dispositif stratégique et opératoire du développement (DS-OD), au « M’BONGUI » ainsi qu’au schéma d’analyse de dominance systémique nous permet de répondre à cette double exigence. L’usage de la démarche incrémentale via la transculturation nous permet par ailleurs de présenter les modalités concrètes du processus d’appropriation de l’IE grâce à l’action de la direction générale de l’économie (DGE), vectrice dudit processus tant au sein des instances nationales, qu’au niveau du système éducatif et dans la sphère entrepreneuriale. Une série de préconisations dont la définition d’éléments d’une politique publique d’IE, la mise en place d’un dispositif d’IE et d’un système d’information qui réponde aux besoins de gouvernance fonctionnelle, opérationnelle et stratégique ont été proposés. / In this thesis, we demonstrate the need for ownership of Competitive Intelligence (CI) as a culture and way of governance alternative that can help a developing country to face the triple challenges and issues. Those related to underdevelopment, alternative development and globalization. EI ownership in the particular context of the Congolese economy into a mode of governance for development and coopétitivité thus refers to two requirements. The first is to revisit the IE to showcase its advances, revealing its limitations and to enhance response capability tailored to the needs of a developing country. The second requirement is to analyze the scope of appropriation of IE in order to identify the nature, to raise the profile and articulate its elements to those means which the IE can now acquired plasticity of be adapted to contingency under consideration. The objective is to propose ways relevant to the efficient implementation of EI. The conceptualization of intelligence procedures and economic security (2S-MOSES) pegged to device strategic and operational development (OD-DS), the "M'BONGUI" and the pattern of systemic dominance analysis allows us to meet both requirements. The use of the incremental approach through transculturation also allows us to present the actual procedures of appropriation of the IE through the action of the General Directorate of the Economy (DGE) vector process that bothnational fora, that the education system and in the entrepreneurial sphere. A series of recommendations which define elements of a public policy of IE, the setting up of an IE and an information system that meets the needs of functional governance, operational and strategic are been proposed.

Universities in the new millennium find themselves in a knowledge-driven economy that is challenging them to produce a qualified and adaptable work force if they are to contribute to societal development. Owing to the structural change in the economy, entrepreneurs require high level scientists, professionals and technicians who not only have the capability to create and support innovations by adapting knowledge to local use but also people with managerial and lifelong learning skills. Such are they who can accelerate changes and make organizations more productive and efficient in the services they render. Consequently, universities in Sub-Saharan Africa are challenged to transform learning so as to produce graduates who have both knowledge and competencies. Such a system will create a balance between university education and the changing labour market. Satisfying these new educational demands are only possible through research and unhindered access to global information resources. Paradoxically, some private university libraries, because of limited funding, find themselves fiscally constrained in the provision of unhindered access to global stores of information particularly at a time of exponential growth both in number and cost of information resources. This had led libraries to re-examine resource sharing as a viable option to meeting the new demands placed on universities. It is for the reasons above that this study examines the practice, problems and prospects of resource-sharing in selected Seventh-day Adventist university libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa. It examines scientifically the causes of poor sharing practices that are unique to each library, the situational and environmental factors that can enhance resource sharing. It provides also research-based information that will help to determine the best ways by which each library can have greater access to information resources. There are proposals for resolving the problems, and there are recommendations for dealing with the matter on a more permanent basis. The study advances resource-sharing model called Consortium of Adventist University Libraries in Africa (CAULA) as a resource sharing network for Seventh-day Adventist libraries in Africa. The organizational structure for CAULA are outlined and discussed. The proposed cooperation is not only sustainable but also structured to provide efficiency and greater regional cooperation of SDA libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa. / Information Science / DLITT ET PHIL (INF SCIENCE)

This study explores models for the reform of higher education in Egypt, and warns of potential consequences arising from the adoption of models based exclusively on the requirements of the knowledge economy and which fail to take account of the public role of national universities, socio-cultural realities and local as well as global pressures. The overall aim of the research is to identify the prerequisites for higher education reform in Egypt and the characteristics of a tailor-made reform model. It explores the role of higher education in Egypt, within the context of international organisations’ reform models for less-developed countries, and identifies the remits of the knowledge economy and knowledge society as frameworks for reforming higher education. This research has sought to answer questions on current conceptions of the role of higher education in Egypt and how these are being challenged by stakeholders. An exploratory study was designed using mixed methods. The research aim and objectives are achieved through a five-stage research process. The findings showed a general discontent among students and academics with higher education, and a near unanimity on the need for reform, particularly in the areas of teaching methods, curricula and university staff. The findings demonstrated that cultural issues deeply rooted in Egyptian society are preventing reform from being effective. The reform of higher education in Egypt should not only be part of an economic development vision, but a wider strategic vision for societal and cultural reform too. Reforming higher education in Egypt is a challenge, which will require consistent methodological rigour and a transformation of the current corrupted education culture prior to implementing the proposed OECD recommendations, or at the very least concurrent with any implementation.

The knowledge economy has brought about some new challenges for organisations. Accessing data and information in a logical manner is a critical component of information and knowledge management. Taxonomies are viewed as a solution to facilitate ease of access to information in a logical manner. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of taxonomies within organisations which utilise a knowledge management framework or strategy. An interview process was utilised to gain insight from leading organisations as to the use of taxonomies within the knowledge management environment. Organisations are starting to use taxonomies to manage multi-sourced environments and facilitate the appropriate sourcing of the organisations intellectual capital. Based on the research it is clear that taxonomies will play a central role in the coming years to help manage the complexity of the organisation's environment and ease the access to relevant information. / Information Science / M.Inf.