Notre thèse, qui a pu être réalisée grâce au soutien du Fonds national de la Recherche du Luxembourg et qui s’est faite dans le cadre du projet de recherche « Partizip 2 » de l’Université du Luxembourg et en cotutelle avec l’Université de Lorraine, est une analyse de la mémoire de la « Résistance » au Luxembourg, en Alsace, en Moselle et en Belgique de l’Est depuis 1944 à 2017. Il s’agit des territoires, qui, lorsque les Allemands lancent leur offensive à partir du 10 mai 1940 en Europe de l’Ouest, sont annexés (de fait) au IIIe Reich. Au cours de notre recherche, nous avons pu constater d’importantes asymétries entre ces territoires au niveau des médias mémoriels présents, comme les monuments, les musées ou les statuts juridiques en hommage aux anciens résistants. Ces asymétries mémorielles n’apparaissent pas seulement entre l’Etat luxembourgeois et les régions françaises et belges, mais également entre les régions mêmes. Si l’explication de la différence entre échelles nationales et régionales est pertinente lorsque nous comparons le Luxembourg et les régions françaises et belges, elle ne permet pourtant pas de comprendre les variations mémorielles entre ces régions. Quelles sont donc les raisons de ces asymétries mémorielles ? Ou autrement formulé : quels facteurs favorisent l’intensification de la mémoire de la « Résistance » ? Afin de déterminer ces facteurs, nous avons choisi d’effectuer une histoire comparée des associations d’anciens résistants du Luxembourg, de l’Alsace, de la Moselle et de la Belgique de l’Est, qui sont des acteurs de mémoire décisifs puisque souvent à l’origine des médias mémoriels évoqués / The present thesis, which has been accomplished with the support of the Fonds national de la Recherche du Luxembourg and within the research project “Partizip 2” at the University of Luxembourg (partizip.uni.lu) as well as in a cotutelle with the University of Lorraine, is an analysis of the memory of “Resistance” in Luxembourg, Alsace, Moselle and East Belgium. from 1944 to 2017. These territories were (de facto) incorporated within the Third Reich after the German invasion of Western Europe on the 10th of May of 1940. During the research, various asymmetries between these territories at the level of memory medias such as monuments, museums or legal statuses as a tribute to former resistance members were noticed. However, these memory asymmetries do not only appear between the state of Luxembourg and the French and Belgian regions, but also between the regions themselves. Thus the difference between the national and regional levels seems to be an accurate explanation if we compare the Grand-Duchy with the French and Belgian regions, but it does not allow us to understand the memory variations between these regions. Which are then the reasons that causes these memory asymmetries? Or in other words: which factors do contribute to the intensification of the memory of “Resistance”? In order to determine these factors, a comparative study of associations of former resistance members in Luxembourg, Alsace, Moselle and Est Belgium was undertaken, as they are crucial memory actors who often initiate the memory medias mentioned above.

The branch Logistics is often given lower priority during field exercises when combat units are supposed to be trained. In wars, conflicts and operations do the interest increase remarkably of being delivered ammunition, fuel and food. Without logistical support it is hard to advance on the scene, but is it even so hard that the lack of logistics can generate the own culmination? The purpose with this Bachelor’s thesis is to show the logistics importance during the planning and transaction phases for an operation. On June 6 1944, the Allied forces invaded Normandy, in order to defeat Hitler’s imperium and reach the end of the Second World War. The operation was called Overlord, and was both in the number of men and combat power, as well as, in a logistical manner an enormous achievement. In consideration of answering the research questions, the author has by literature studies analyzed operation Overlord and its impact on the culmination of the Second World War. Research questions: How does logistics affect the culminating point in warfare? What logistical maneuvers during Operation Overlord can be referred to reasons for the Second World War’s culmination point? The results manifests how the logistical maneuvers, like Mulberry Harbour, Red ball Express and PLUTO, caused a possibility to advance through Normandy, France and thereafter against Germany. Although that, it is hard to automatically say that innovations like these are the absolute reason for the culminating point. By using the factors in Mårtensson’s model, that is increasing or decreasing the speed towards the culmination, the analysis shows that logistics has a huge impact on the outcome.

The present study deals with the very difficult Czechoslovak-Yugoslav relations immediately before and at the beginning of WWII. At that time, an independent Czechoslovakia no longer existed, and Yugoslavia was forced to balance between the interests of stronger countries, mainly Germany and Great Britain, in order to save their territory and ensure for its citizens a future without a war. Yugoslavia's reserved attitude towards the happenings in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, the establishment of rather formal than friendly and cordial Slovak-Yugoslav relations, the presence of Czechoslovak emigrants in Yugoslavia, the absence of any intervention by Yugoslav bodies against the activities of the members of Czech and Slovak minorities against the Protectorate, Slovakia, and Germany, and, finally, the negative Yugoslav attitude towards the state of Slovakia - this all constituted a complex and colourful world of Czechoslovak-Yugoslav relations in 1939-1941. An analysis of these relations was based primarily on an exhausting archival research as well as on a survey of relevant literature, memoirs, and the period press. This subject has not yet been studied in detail in the Czech Republic and abroad.

The diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of representing the victims and the culprits of the Nazi and communist totalitarian regime on selected procaic works of Czech literature (Zvuk slunečních hodin, Peníze od Hitlera, Vyhnání Gerty Schnirch, Chladnou zemí a Dobrou noc, sladké sny). In also focused on the theme of collective memory, postgeneration, identity, guilt and trauma.

Este trabalho seleciona e analisa as crônicas nas quais Rachel de Queiroz (1910-2003) abordou o assunto da Segunda Guerra Mundial, durante a sua colaboração com a 2ª Seção do jornal Correio da Manhã (fevereiro de 1944 a março de 1945). Coligem-se e analisam-se os oito textos em que a temática da Guerra é referida, discutida ou aludida, com o objetivo de recuperar o diálogo que as crônicas estabelecem com o momento histórico em que foram publicadas e com a textualidade do jornal, ou as relações estabelecidas com as outras rubricas e cadernos do periódico. Ao explorar a temática da Guerra, a escritora imprime um tom de apelo sentimental aos textos, diferentemente de outros cronistas do período, que abordavam o tema pelo viés político e/ou informativo do conflito, exemplificando assim o hibridismo pertencente ao gênero crônica. / This essay selects and analyses the crônica (newspaper columns) where Rachel de Queiroz (1910-2003) adressed the second war subject during her collaboration for the \"2nd Session\" of the newspaper Correio da Manhã (february 1994 to march 1945). Eight texts are analysed where the war view is referred, discussed or alluded with the purpose of recover the dialogue that the newspaper columns establish with the historical moment when it was published or the relations with another rubrics and sessions from the periodic. By exploring this thematic in her texts, the writer appeals for emotionalism, differently from others writers of the period who used to approach the thematic by political and informative of the conflict view, exemplifying, this way, the hybridity belonging to the crônica (newspaper colunn) genre.

A intenção deste trabalho é compreender a formação de uma rede de debates intelectuais entre dois grupos da esquerda anglófona articulados em torno do Left Book Club, de Londres e em torno da revista Partisan Review, de Nova York durante os anos da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Entendo que, especialmente na primeira metade da década de 1940, os contatos entre estes dois núcleos da esquerda anglo-saxã se estreitaram em dois caminhos: por um lado, por uma crítica comum ao stalinismo; e, por outro, por uma crítica à esquerda da cultura nativa (e tradições burguesas) em ambos os países. Defendemos ainda que essas propostas articuladas por dentro dos movimentos intelectuais de esquerda nos dois países, ora baseadas ideologicamente numa releitura nãoinstitucionalizada do marxismo, ora no trotskismo, ora no pacifismo, ora na reconstrução de um discurso liberal, se aglutinavam em torno da contestação dos rumos do movimento comunista internacional, liderado pelo stalinismo. A articulação dos debates entre esses dois grupos se reforçará no momento em que o célebre romancista anglo-indiano George Orwell, famoso por duas das distopias mais famosas do século XX, o Animal Farm (1945) e o 1984 (1949), contribui simultaneamente com ambos os grupos. Na Partisan Review, Orwell ficara encarregado da publicação da coluna London Letters to Partisan Review, entre os anos de 1941 e 1946. A possibilidade de um diálogo franco com ambos os círculos, especialmente pela rede costurada com membros de ambos os grupos, possibilitou a Orwell criar uma ponte de contatos entre os dois ambientes. Entendo ainda que essa articulação construída por Orwell foi decisiva nas futuras participações de outros intelectuais, que já haviam publicado no Left Book Club e que participavam ativamente dos debates britânicos, como contribuintes da Partisan Review. / The intention of this work is to understand the constitution of a network of intellectual debates articulated among two groups of the Anglophone left around the London\'s Left Book Club, and around the New York\'s Partisan Review, during the years of World War II. I understand that, especially in the first half of the 1940s, contacts between the two cores of the Anglo-Saxon left narrowed in two ways: firstly, by a common critique of Stalinism; and on the other, a left-wing critic of the native culture (and bourgeois traditions) in both countries. We argue that those proposals articulated inside the left-wing intellectual movements in the two countries, based ideologically on a non-institutionalized reinterpretation of Marxism, or in Trotskyism, or in pacifism, or in rebuilding a liberal discourse, coalesced around the challenge of the international communist movement course, led by Stalinism. The joint discussions among those two groups will be strengthened at the time that the famous Anglo-Indian novelist George Orwell, famous for two of the most famous dystopias of the twentieth century, Animal Farm (1945) and 1984 (1949), contributes simultaneously with both groups. In Partisan Review, Orwell had been in charge of publishing the column \"London Letters to Partisan Review\", between the years 1941 and 1946. The possibility of an open dialogue with both circles, especially the stitched network with members of both groups, enabled Orwell to create a bridge between the two environments. I also believe that this articulation builted by Orwell was decisive in the future participation of other intellectuals, who had already published through the Left Book Club and participating actively in British debates, as contributors of Partisan Review.

Osamu Dazai é um dos poucos escritores japoneses da primeira metade do século XX que emprega mulheres como narradoras. Procuramos explorar essa peculiaridade de seus textos comparando-os, embora brevemente, com aqueles de alguns de seus contemporâneos, como Yasunari Kawabata e Junichirô Tanizaki. Fazemos algumas incursões na ideia de feminilidade que permeava a sociedade japonesa no início do século XX e as transformações que ela sofre até o final da Segunda Guerra, pois acreditamos que essas mesmas mudanças na imagem do feminino também sejam refletidas pelos textos de Dazai. Analisamos alguns de seus textos com narradoras para observar o quanto elas se distanciam ou se aproximam dos ideais de feminilidade da sociedade da época. Por fim, também comparamos as figuras femininas de suas obras do pós-guerra com suas figuras masculinas, estas, muito parecidas com o próprio autor, presas do niilismo e em rota de autodestruição. Nossa intenção, em suma, é explorar, mesmo que de forma limitada, as relações entre a cultura da época e a literatura por meio da análise de alguns textos com narradoras de Osamu Dazai, bem como sublinhar o caráter peculiar dessas mesmas narradoras no interior das obras do autor e em relação aos textos de seus contemporâneos. / Osamu Dazai is one of the few Japanese writers from the first half of the 20th century in whose texts we find female narrators. We intend to explore, although briefly, this peculiarity comparing his texts with those written by authors like Yasunari Kawabata and Junichirô Tanizaki. We make some incursions into the idea of womanliness which permeated the Japanese society in the beginning of the 20th century and the changes which it undergoes until the end of the Second World War because we believe that the same changes in the female image are reflected in Dazais texts. We analyze some of his texts with female narrators to see how far or close they are to societys ideals of womanliness. Lastly, we compare the female characters of Dazais postwar texts with the male ones (who resemble the author himself in their nihilism and self-destructive tendencies). In short, our objective is to examine, even if not as comprehensively as we could wish, how the culture of the period and the literature are related by analyzing some texts with female narrators written by Osamu Dazai. We also hope to stress the uniqueness of these female narrators within the authors texts and in relation to those of his contemporaries.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-19T20:15:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anysiohenriqueneto.pdf: 486436 bytes, checksum: b5d8f6c2660c71aff16047375773ccfd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-22T15:17:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anysiohenriqueneto.pdf: 486436 bytes, checksum: b5d8f6c2660c71aff16047375773ccfd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T15:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anysiohenriqueneto.pdf: 486436 bytes, checksum: b5d8f6c2660c71aff16047375773ccfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral analisar a presença da religião na experiência de combate e na memória dos brasileiros envolvidos na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Para tanto, são considerados o percurso do serviço de assistência espiritual no Exército brasileiro, a formação de identidades baseadas nas experiências de guerra, muitas deles significadas religiosamente e por fim, a presença de símbolos religiosos e da tradição católica nos processos de construção de uma memória pública da FEB. Consideramos que os capelães da FEB, além de atuarem como mediadores espirituais entre as tropas representam também uma reconciliação institucional entre o Exército e Igreja católica. Por isso, foi necessário investigar o percurso das repartições de assistência espiritual no Exército brasileiro, com ênfase para os momentos de transformação desse serviço. Com a criação da FEB e sua participação no conflito temos a criação de identidades a partir das experiências de guerra dos soldados. Os relatos desses febianos destacam a importância do aspecto religioso na vivência dessas experiências limite e contribuem na construção de suas identidades. No pós-guerra a luta pelo reconhecimento dessas identidades leva à construção de uma memória pública da FEB, um processo seletivo que garante sentido ao passado vivido pelos soldados. / The present work aims at analyzing the presence of religion in combat experience and memory of Brazilians involved in the Second World War. Therefore, it is considered the route of the service of spiritual assistance in the Brazilian Army, the formation of identities based on the experiences of war, some of them meant religiously and finally, the presence of religious symbols and the Catholic tradition in the process of building a memory public BEF. This paper believes that the chaplains of the BEF act as mediators between the spiritual forces, and also represent reconciliation between the institutional Army and the Catholic Church. It was therefore necessary to investigate the route of the distributions of spiritual care in the Brazilian Army, with emphasis on moments of transformation of this service. With the creation of the BEF and its participation in the conflict have the establishment of identities, from the wartime experiences of soldiers. The febian reports the importance of the religious aspect of these experiences in living out and contribute to the construction of their identities. In the postwar struggle for recognition of these identities leads to the construction of a public memory of the BEF, a selection process that ensures sense of the past lived by the soldiers.

The thesis seeks to understand, first and foremost, what the members of the 6th South African Armoured Division in Italy during the Second World War experienced in their day-to-day lives on campaign. It is therefore primarily a social history. Although an exhaustive analysis of the demographics of the division is beyond the scope of this study, an attempt was made in Chapter 2 to identify some of the characteristics of the volunteers and their motivations for enlisting. Recruitment statistics and other sources show that in the final stage of the war, volunteers were most likely to be school-leavers and university students. Chapters three to eight detail the daily life in camp and on the road as the division progressed up the length of Italy. The main themes revolve around the necessities of life, recreation, leisure and ways of dealing with long periods of inactivity. The more controversial topics of sexuality, alcohol use, and battle fatigue are not avoided. Regardless of the capacity in which they served, all those attached to the 6th South African Armoured Division experienced the country and its people. Homesickness, discomfort and the fulfilling of basic needs was the common bond. Chapter nine examines the topic of casualties and what it reveals about the men and their experience. At first glance, it would appear that the casualty rate was exceptionally low for a front line division. However, on closer examination, the casualty rate was found to be in line with that experienced by other nations involved in the Italian campaign. As expected, it was found that casualties occurred mainly in infantry units, although accidents accounted for 25 per cent of injuries. In the final chapter, the conclusions are presented and discussed in a theoretical context. Memory is used as a category of analysis. Scholars are in agreement that distortion and cleansing occurred due to the tendency of contemporary accounts to accentuate the positive. The needs of post-war society also helped to ensure that the language and experience of the front line soldier was overwhelmed / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Historical and Heritage Studies / DPhil / Unrestricted

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of crimes committed by women and how it developed in the two swedish cities, Lund and Kristianstad, during the second world war. The years studied are 1940, 1942 and 1944. Another purpose with this paper is to investigate women’s crime patterns in the city. Women’s crime in Lund and Kristianstad is studied comparatively. Quantitative method and source material in the form of court journals are used. The result of this paper is that the development of crime differed between the cities of Lund and Kristianstad. The total female crime in Lund neither increased nor decreased, while the female crime in Kristianstad increased. The female crime also turned out to be higher in Kristianstad than in Lund. The most common crime among women was mainly traffic violations in both cities. Theft was also a common crime in the cities. Violent crimes and illegal alcohol handling were not common among the female criminals. The female criminal was usually a young Swedish woman under the age of 30; a housewife, unmarried or working as a maid.