Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Eduardo Fernandes.pdf: 6637168 bytes, checksum: ca69e5e9e82abb77e589c74ee2f87c05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-10 / This research comes from the author s personal experience in teaching and practicing graphic design. During that while, some inquiries have risen related to the criteria of persuasion assumed by designers when making their visual designs. Which values do designers claim to select and recode visual signs into visual messages that convey persuasion? Today design methodologies do not include any explicit concern about issues linked to the persuasiveness inside graphic design, neither in Brazil nor abroad.The aim of this work is to bring back the consciousness of Design as the language of cultural intervention in space, by planning a strategy within which the design-making, as well as the design-reading, will be collected in order to let us aware of its functioning. As case study, the research takes 9 (nine) graphic designs addressed to stand for visual identities. Description and analysis of the designers criteria to prefer visual signs have been rigorously done on the case studies, in an eleven-month basis. The step forward is to decant both perceptive and cognitive categories that seem to authorize persuasiveness to be included into designing procedures, qua that coefficient answerable to logically articulate, aesthetically provide and ethically join together all other factors of design efficiency.The investigation is funded on the mindwalk invitation offered by the Charles S. Peirce s methodological pragmatism, as well as the existential perspective of José Ortega y Gasset s ratiovitalism, to a shy extent for the time being. The chapter flow of this dissertation is shaped according to the triadic aspect of semiosis: the candid-gaze (on firstness and sign), the reporting-gaze (on secondness and object), and the critical-gaze (on thirdness and interpretant). Through that phenomenological-semiotic filter, we are already able to roughly endorse a philosophical basement of Design qua Science: the science of grounds, relations and processes of all our cultural intervention in space.Surely, this Masters final paper has not exhausted the question yet, but the démarche has revealed the possibility of a better comprehension of those factors that converge into design efficiency: a feasibility that crosses over the graphic design boundaries towards a search for the metaphysical sameness of Design, by coming up with some elements that could enrich, from this Masters viewpoint, the debate long ago sought after on the building of a general theory or even a Philosophy of Design. / Esta pesquisa nasceu da experiência pessoal do autor no ensino e prática projetual do design gráfico, em cujo devir surgiram indagações acerca dos critérios de persuasão utilizados pelos designers na feitura de seus projetos visuais. Com base em que valores os signos visuais são selecionados e recodificados para incorporar uma mensagem visual persuasiva? As metodologias projetuais vigentes não contemplam preocupação explícita alguma com as questões relativas à persuasividade dos projetos gráficos, nem no Brasil nem no exterior.O objetivo desta dissertação é o planejamento da tática baseada na qual o fazer-design, assim como o ler-design, será trazido ao choque do apercebimento, ao resgate da consciência do Design como a linguagem de intervenção cultural no espaço. A pesquisa adota como estudos de caso 9 (nove) projetos de design gráfico dirigidos à construção de identidades visuais, sobre os quais foram empreendidas, com rigor metodológico durante 11 (onze) meses, a descrição e a análise dos critérios preferidos pelos designers na escolha dos signos visuais dos projetos. Deste procedimento primevo foram decantadas as categorias perceptivas e cognitivas que parecem autorizar a inclusão da persuasividade no procedimento da projetação, como aquele coeficiente que logicamente articula, esteticamente propicia e eticamente unifica todos os demais fatores de eficiência do design.A investigação toma como basilar o convite ao pensamento oferecido pelo pragmatismo metodológico de Charles S. Peirce e, ainda em menor escala de influência, pela perspectiva existencialista do raciovitalismo de José Ortega y Gasset. O itinerário capitular dessa dissertação considera o aspecto triádico da semiose: o olhar-apreço (sobre a primeiridade e o signo), o olhar-relato (sobre a segundidade e o objeto) e o olhar-crítica (sobre a terceiridade e o interpretante). Sob tal filtro fenomenológico-semiótico, já é possível esboçar um endosso filosófico do Design como Ciência: a ciência dos fundamentos, relações e processos de toda projetação, sendo esta entendida como nossa intervenção cultural no espaço.Certamente, esta dissertação de mestrado ainda não exauriu a questão, mas a caminhada revelou a possibilidade de melhor compreensão sistêmica dos fatores que concorrem para a eficiência projetual: uma exeqüibilidade que atravessa o universo visioprojetual em busca de uma mesmidade metafísica do Design, fazendo emergir elementos que, segundo a ótica deste trabalho, podem enriquecer o debate sobre a futura formação, há muito coletivamente desejada, de uma teoria geral ou Filosofia do Design.

The thesis examines American teen dramas on Australian television in the period 1992 to 2004. It explores the use of the genre by broadcasters and its uptake by teenagers in an environment where American popular culture has frequently been treated with suspicion and where there are perennial arguments about the Americanisation of youth and their vulnerability to cultural imperialism. The thesis argues concerns about Americanisation and cultural imperialism in relation to youth culture, young people and the media are misplaced. American teen dramas are investigated as an example of the ways imported programs are made to cohere with national logics within the Australian mediasphere (Hartley, 1996). Utilising Yuri Lotman's (1990) theory of cultural 'translation' this thesis argues teen drams are evidence of dynamic change within the system of television and that this change does not result in a system dominated by imported product, but rather a system that situates foreign programming amongst domestic frames of reference.

The aim of this essay, As only the deceived one can love, is to investigate the city character in the book Mina drömmars stad (City of dreams) by swedish author Per Anders Fogelström. I will do this by using narratology and making a narrative analysis of the city as a protagonist, with help from Jimmy Vulovic’s Narrativanalys (”narrative analysis”) and Claes Göran Holmberg’s & Anders Ohlssons Epikanalys – En introduktion (”epic analysis – an introduction”). All of these three theorists use the narratological tool-box of Gérard Genette, and I will use his tools in this essay as well. By doing this I will try to point out what this kind of personification of the city does to the story, and how it affects the readers point of view. One of the steps of the narrative analysis is to seek for information about the protagonist in its own environment, to see if there are any hidden clues about the identity of their character. In his book A universe of the mind – A semiotic theory of culture, Jurij M. Lotman writes about the semiosphere of the home, and how the ultimate place to seek for details about someone’s character is in someone’s home environment or surroundings. He demonstrates his thesis by analyzing the meaning of different homes in Michail Bulgakov’s The Master and Margarita. Even if I try to read the city as a main character in City of dreams, it is inevitable that the city is also a stage, a scene and the environment where the story takes place. In the end of my analysis I will look to the environment of the city to try to draw conclusions about who this city of dreams really is.

This thesis called The Term of Palimpsest and its Application in Examining of the Urban Space focuses on providing a more complex perspective of the analysis of urban space through the metaphor of text and also palimpsest. Thanks to the disintegration of the concept of the text multiple layers of reality began to be progressively viewed - from the literature to the culture text. This opens up the possibility to contemplate the city as well as another type of text, respectively in a metaphorical sense of intertextuality as so-called palimpsest. The work focuses on these terms in the theoretical part and suggests the urban space term and the possibility of examination. The empirical part is dedicated to the application of developer theoretical basis onto the site-specific urban space of the Prague's Peter's district. The anchoring of the palimpsest in the semiosphere of culture and cultural texts of historical depth but does not provide possibilities of complete renovation and securing the continuity of interpretation. This does not seem to be an obstacle for the set more complex view of palimpsest, on contrary it better reflects and deals with such this continuity. It helps to seek roots and identity of cities and their inhabitants.

L’omniprésence de l’affichage publicitaire confère à la langue un caractère intrinsèquement social, nonobstant le message linguistique lui-même. Son influence sur la société se construit à travers une double utilisation du langage ; conçu d'une part comme un système traditionnel de signes, et d'autre part comme un ensemble de co(n)textes. Notre approche sémio-linguistique s'occupe de l'intentionnel et de la subjectivité dont dispose le signe totalisant qu’est l’affiche publicitaire. L’objet de l’analyse étant les campagnes dites sociales, notre étude situe les discours dans leurs sémiosphères respectives. Enfin, le sujet ainsi présenté étant aussi vaste, nos intérêts se limitent à un seul aspect du processus de communication : le récepteur. Ce dernier s’avère hétérogène, puisqu’il il ne s’agit jamais d’une seule personne. La virtualité qui en relève nous conduit, d’un côté, à ne plus parler du récepteur, mais du simulacre de récepteur ; et de l’autre, à reconsidérer les notions de signification et de sens. La question englobant tous les concepts évoqués est : qu’en est-il de l’interprétant et de l’interprétation ? C’est en ces deux notions que le contexte et le récepteur se croisent. Or, toute interprétation d’une affiche publicitaire est acceptable du côté de la réception des messages, à condition qu’elle relève à la fois de la dénotation, du contexte et de l’expérience personnelle. S’agissant de simulacres d’émetteur et de récepteur, il nous est impossible de fermer le cercle de sémiose en retrouvant le même interprétant des deux côtés. Néanmoins, pour que l’interprétation soit acceptable, il convient simplement de clore ledit cercle. / Omnipresence of promotional posters contributes to the incontestably social linguistic character conceived in the mere linguistic message. His impact on the society starts with double use of language: language as a part of traditional system of signs, and language as an unity of co(n)texts. Furthermore, this semio-linguistic approach deals with intentionality and subjectivity without which the sign «totalisant» - the poster – cannot exist. As the objects of the analysis are so-called social campaigns, our research considers the context lacto sensu and thereby situates the discourses in theirs semio-spheres. A subject as complex as this one has to be limited. In our case, the analysis of the communication process is relevant to the addressee. He is by definition heterogeneous, for he never represents one person only. Potentiality which is the consequence of such a concept force us, on the one hand, not to discuss the addressee, but the his simulacra; and, on the other, to reconsider the notions of meaning and sense. The final question embraces all the concepts mentioned earlier: what about the interpretant and the interpretation? These two notions imply context and addressee. In other words, every interpretation of any promotional poster is acceptable for the addressee, if, and only if the interpretation relies on the denotation, context and personal experience at the same time. As the actors are simulacra of addresser and of addressee, it is no more possible to close the semiosis circle by finding exclusively the same interpretant at both ends of the communication process. For the interpretation to be succeeded, it is enough to close it with any interpreter at all. / Sveprisutnost reklamnoga plakata pridonosi jezičnome neosporivo nasilnom karakteru začetom već u samoj jezičnoj poruci. Njegov utjecaj na društvo počiva na dvostrukom korištenju jezika; jeziku kao dijelu tradicionalnoga sustava znakova i kao cjelini vizualnog objekta. Disertacija analizira plakat semiološkim i donekle sociološkim pristupom, kako bi pokazala da marketing koristi znak kao sredstvo društvene manipulacije. Nadalje, bavi se semiološkim teorijama analizirajući intencionalnost i subjektivnost kanalizirane kroz jezik. Promatrajući značenje i smisao plakata, disertacija razrađuje treći stupanj uspješne interpretacije: osobno značenje u kojem se svijet znakova razdvaja od realnosti te vrijednosti medija ostaju izražene distorzijom koja daje efekt iznenađenja. Uspjeh procesa semioze je definiran tako uzimajući u obzir i pošiljatelja i primatelja poruke: ako ne možemo odrediti interpretanta, semioza ne postoji. Ipak, ako je zaista potrebno zatvoriti komunikacijski krug, kako onda tretirati igre riječima ili krive interpretacije koje po definiciji podrazumijevaju interpretanta i to onoga koji nam je nepoznat? Ovaj nas je predmet doveo do kraja istraživanja u kojemu supostoje nesigurnost prave emisije i recepcije poruke: odnosno, do jezične manipulacije. Cilj disertacije je pokazati da je, sa strane primatelja poruke, svaka moguća interpretacija reklamnoga plakata prihvatljiva.

No cenário da cultura acadêmica e científica em transformação, as bibliotecas indagam os pesquisadores em HIV/aids sobre dificuldades e facilidades na procura de informações. Articulando as disciplinas ciência da informação, saúde pública e semiótica da cultura, este estudo busca analisar o entendimento dos pesquisadores sobre as estratégias de busca de informação técnica e científica nos sistemas bibliográficos. Além disso, identifica os sistemas de signos centrais na semiosfera da cultura e descreve as interações dos pesquisadores com sistemas de informação e bibliotecas, refletindo sobre a comunicação e seus desafios na contemporaneidade. Com base no método semiótico estrutural da Escola de Tártu-Moscou e nos trabalhos de seu maior expoente Iuri Lótman, foram realizadas 25 entrevistas com dois grupos de pesquisa em HIV/aids no Brasil. A diversidade de estratégias do pesquisador sobre a ação de buscar informação científica na contemporaneidade sustenta a dinâmica e a complexidade dos sistemas de signos. As divergências e convergências, traduzidas nas narrativas, explicitam as diferentes linguagens presentes na semiosfera e as tradições de pesquisa. Essas linguagens se transformam, modelizando-se pela variedade de formação acadêmica, atuação profissional e vivências do pesquisador, revelando a complexidade na cultura. No plano da semiosfera, alguns sistemas de signos são vistos como centrais na cultura dos pesquisadores, com destaque para o Google e a base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE. O Google ganha expressão por oferecer um sistema simples e prático, evitando o desperdício de tempo. No entanto, mostra-se um sistema controlado por algoritmos, tendendo ao empobrecimento de resultados e ao domínio comercial. A base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE evidencia sua presença nos códigos da cultura, embora esteja dividindo espaço com o prevalecente Google. Um sistema de signo central para as bibliotecas e pouco conhecido dos pesquisadores é o tesauro MeSH, uma ferramenta que atua de modo invisível por ser complexa em sua utilização. As novas tecnologias ajudam, mas não podem ser supervalorizadas. A administração do tempo e a seleção de informações relevantes para o contexto da pesquisa posicionam os sistemas de informação e bibliotecas como importantes mediadores na comunicação ou tradutores de linguagens. Entretanto, seus papéis ainda não estão claros para o pesquisador. A irregularidade na semiosfera transparece nos movimentos do centro e periferia e assimetrias observadas. A imprevisibilidade promove a transformação e faz parte da consciência do pesquisador, que busca a geração de informação nova. A biblioteca é um sistema presente na busca de informações, mas perde sua centralidade quando projetada para o futuro. Entender a assimetria e a heterogeneidade semióticas envolvidas na cultura acadêmica é uma forma de sobrevivência para as bibliotecas. A luta pela sobrevivência de grupos profissionais se revela nos esforços para manter no centro da semiosfera registros e normas que identificam a cultura. Entretanto, a sobrevivência não se dá somente no fechamento em si, mas no diálogo com o oposto, que promove a criação. As áreas da Saúde e Ciência da Informação se entrelaçam com suas linguagens e modelizações, subdividindo-se em outras modelizações, como a área de prestação de serviços à população, a área acadêmica. A comunicação e a semiótica possibilitam decifrar essa rica diversidade. / Within the scenario of the academic and scientific culture undergoing transformation, libraries question researchers in HIV / AIDS as to the difficulty and ease of the search for information. In its articulation of the disciplines information science, public health and semiotic of culture, this study analyzes the understanding of the researchers regarding the search strategies of technical and scientific information in bibliographic systems. It identifies the central sign systems in the semiosphere of culture and describes the interactions between researchers and information and library systems, reflecting on communication and its present-day challenges. Based on the structural semiotic method of the Tartu-Moscow School and the work of its greatest exponent Yuri Lotman, we undertook 25 interviews with two HIV/AIDS research groups in Brazil. The diversity of the researchers views as to the action involved in seeking scientific information nowadays confirms the dynamics and complexity of the systems of signs. The differences and similarities, as reflected in narratives, explain the different languages present in the semiosphere. These languages undergo continual transformation modeling themselves in accordance with the variety of academic training, professional activity and experience of the researcher, thus revealing the cultural complexity involved. On the plane of the semiosphere, some sign systems are seen as central to the culture of the researchers, especially Google and PubMed / MEDLINE. Google gains in significance as it offers a simple and practical system which avoids waste of time. However, one here perceives a system controlled by algorithms which tends to the impoverishment of results and to commercial domination. The presence of PubMed / MEDLINE is evident in the culture codes, although it is sharing space with the prevailing Google. A key sign system for libraries - though little known to researchers - is the MeSH thesaurus, a tool that works unperceived due to the complexity of its use. New technologies help, but should not be overvalued. Time management and the selection of the information relevant to the research context place information systems and libraries in the position of important mediators of communication or translators of language. However, their roles are still not clear to the researcher. The irregularity in the semiosphere is reflected in the movements of the center and periphery and the asymmetries observed. The unpredictability promotes transformation and is part of the consciousness of the researcher who seeks to generate new information. The library is a system present in the search for information, but loses its centrality when projected into the future. Understanding the asymmetry and the semiotic heterogeneity involved in academic culture is a way to ensure the survival of libraries. The struggle for the survival of professional groups is evident in their efforts to maintain records and norms of cultural identity at the heart of the semiosphere. However, survival is not ensured simply by this closing in on oneself, but it is rather by dialogue with the opposite that creativity is promoted. The areas of Health and Information Science are interwoven with their languages and modeling while at the same time they subdivide into other modelings such as the field of the delivery service to the population and the academic area. Communication and semiotics help decipher this rich diversity.

La notion de métafiction, concept de la critique littéraire contemporaine, caractérise ces fictions qui subvertissent les catégories conventionnelles romanesques, et invitent à une aventure sémiologique. Nos recherches nous amènent à proposer la notion de métafiction comme méthode d'investigation du tissu textuel des romans du corpus. Elle interroge la fabula et révèle, dans l'entrelacs des matériaux narratifs, la bibliothèque qui dialogue avec elle, déterminée par le contexte historique d'une époque. L'historiographie agit comme un medium du métatexte et génère un système sémiotique représentable par « un labyrinthe de nœuds interconnectés » : une « sémiosphère », terme que nous empruntons à Lotman. Le parcours intertextuel propose une lecture à plusieurs niveaux et invite à revisiter ironiquement l'Histoire et ses impostures. L'écriture « baroque » d'Umberto Eco les livre généreusement à la sagacité critique d'un Lecteur Modèle, finalement confronté aux dimensions ontologiques de l'œuvre. / The notion of metafiction, concept taken from contemporary critics of litterature, defines these fictions subverting conventional categories of novels and invites the reader to a semiologic adventure. Our researches lead us to make the proposition of metafiction as an investigation method to explore the textual network of the novels in our corpus. It questions fabula in order to disclose, in the tracery of narrative materials, the library dialoguing with it, in the historical context of a period. Historiography acts as a medium for the meta-text and generates a semiotic system one can depict under the shape of a labyrinth made of interconnected nodes : a « semiosphere », as defined by Lotman. The intertextual journey offers a multi-levels reading and invites to re-visit, with irony, History and its impostures. The Umberto ECO's « baroque » writing brings them with generosity to the critic acumen of the « Model Reader », eventually confronted to ontological dimensions of the work.

No cenário da cultura acadêmica e científica em transformação, as bibliotecas indagam os pesquisadores em HIV/aids sobre dificuldades e facilidades na procura de informações. Articulando as disciplinas ciência da informação, saúde pública e semiótica da cultura, este estudo busca analisar o entendimento dos pesquisadores sobre as estratégias de busca de informação técnica e científica nos sistemas bibliográficos. Além disso, identifica os sistemas de signos centrais na semiosfera da cultura e descreve as interações dos pesquisadores com sistemas de informação e bibliotecas, refletindo sobre a comunicação e seus desafios na contemporaneidade. Com base no método semiótico estrutural da Escola de Tártu-Moscou e nos trabalhos de seu maior expoente Iuri Lótman, foram realizadas 25 entrevistas com dois grupos de pesquisa em HIV/aids no Brasil. A diversidade de estratégias do pesquisador sobre a ação de buscar informação científica na contemporaneidade sustenta a dinâmica e a complexidade dos sistemas de signos. As divergências e convergências, traduzidas nas narrativas, explicitam as diferentes linguagens presentes na semiosfera e as tradições de pesquisa. Essas linguagens se transformam, modelizando-se pela variedade de formação acadêmica, atuação profissional e vivências do pesquisador, revelando a complexidade na cultura. No plano da semiosfera, alguns sistemas de signos são vistos como centrais na cultura dos pesquisadores, com destaque para o Google e a base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE. O Google ganha expressão por oferecer um sistema simples e prático, evitando o desperdício de tempo. No entanto, mostra-se um sistema controlado por algoritmos, tendendo ao empobrecimento de resultados e ao domínio comercial. A base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE evidencia sua presença nos códigos da cultura, embora esteja dividindo espaço com o prevalecente Google. Um sistema de signo central para as bibliotecas e pouco conhecido dos pesquisadores é o tesauro MeSH, uma ferramenta que atua de modo invisível por ser complexa em sua utilização. As novas tecnologias ajudam, mas não podem ser supervalorizadas. A administração do tempo e a seleção de informações relevantes para o contexto da pesquisa posicionam os sistemas de informação e bibliotecas como importantes mediadores na comunicação ou tradutores de linguagens. Entretanto, seus papéis ainda não estão claros para o pesquisador. A irregularidade na semiosfera transparece nos movimentos do centro e periferia e assimetrias observadas. A imprevisibilidade promove a transformação e faz parte da consciência do pesquisador, que busca a geração de informação nova. A biblioteca é um sistema presente na busca de informações, mas perde sua centralidade quando projetada para o futuro. Entender a assimetria e a heterogeneidade semióticas envolvidas na cultura acadêmica é uma forma de sobrevivência para as bibliotecas. A luta pela sobrevivência de grupos profissionais se revela nos esforços para manter no centro da semiosfera registros e normas que identificam a cultura. Entretanto, a sobrevivência não se dá somente no fechamento em si, mas no diálogo com o oposto, que promove a criação. As áreas da Saúde e Ciência da Informação se entrelaçam com suas linguagens e modelizações, subdividindo-se em outras modelizações, como a área de prestação de serviços à população, a área acadêmica. A comunicação e a semiótica possibilitam decifrar essa rica diversidade. / Within the scenario of the academic and scientific culture undergoing transformation, libraries question researchers in HIV / AIDS as to the difficulty and ease of the search for information. In its articulation of the disciplines information science, public health and semiotic of culture, this study analyzes the understanding of the researchers regarding the search strategies of technical and scientific information in bibliographic systems. It identifies the central sign systems in the semiosphere of culture and describes the interactions between researchers and information and library systems, reflecting on communication and its present-day challenges. Based on the structural semiotic method of the Tartu-Moscow School and the work of its greatest exponent Yuri Lotman, we undertook 25 interviews with two HIV/AIDS research groups in Brazil. The diversity of the researchers views as to the action involved in seeking scientific information nowadays confirms the dynamics and complexity of the systems of signs. The differences and similarities, as reflected in narratives, explain the different languages present in the semiosphere. These languages undergo continual transformation modeling themselves in accordance with the variety of academic training, professional activity and experience of the researcher, thus revealing the cultural complexity involved. On the plane of the semiosphere, some sign systems are seen as central to the culture of the researchers, especially Google and PubMed / MEDLINE. Google gains in significance as it offers a simple and practical system which avoids waste of time. However, one here perceives a system controlled by algorithms which tends to the impoverishment of results and to commercial domination. The presence of PubMed / MEDLINE is evident in the culture codes, although it is sharing space with the prevailing Google. A key sign system for libraries - though little known to researchers - is the MeSH thesaurus, a tool that works unperceived due to the complexity of its use. New technologies help, but should not be overvalued. Time management and the selection of the information relevant to the research context place information systems and libraries in the position of important mediators of communication or translators of language. However, their roles are still not clear to the researcher. The irregularity in the semiosphere is reflected in the movements of the center and periphery and the asymmetries observed. The unpredictability promotes transformation and is part of the consciousness of the researcher who seeks to generate new information. The library is a system present in the search for information, but loses its centrality when projected into the future. Understanding the asymmetry and the semiotic heterogeneity involved in academic culture is a way to ensure the survival of libraries. The struggle for the survival of professional groups is evident in their efforts to maintain records and norms of cultural identity at the heart of the semiosphere. However, survival is not ensured simply by this closing in on oneself, but it is rather by dialogue with the opposite that creativity is promoted. The areas of Health and Information Science are interwoven with their languages and modeling while at the same time they subdivide into other modelings such as the field of the delivery service to the population and the academic area. Communication and semiotics help decipher this rich diversity.