Tidiga skeden av byggprojekt är oftast väldigt komplexa, och många av projektens förutsättningar är osäkra. Då osäkerheter kan ses som brist på information och kunskap, innebär det att tidiga skeden innefattar många osäkerheter som kan generera både positiva och negativa utfall. Därav är det viktigt att både identifiera och hantera osäkerheter för att fatta beslut och skapa rätt förutsättningar för projekten. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för osäkerheter och osäkerhetshantering i förvärvsprocessen vid bostadsutvecklingsprojekt, vilket görs genom att besvara frågeställningen: Hur kan ett ramverk utformas för att skapa trygga beslutsunderlag vid affärs- och projektutveckling under förvärvsprocessen för bostadsutvecklare med avseende på osäkerheter. För att uppnå studiens syfte har en fallstudie av ett svenskt bostadsutvecklingsföretag genomförts genom observationer och intervjuer vid fallföretaget. Studien har resulterat i ökad förståelse för identifiering av osäkerheter och vilka osäkerheter som bör tas i beaktning vid beslut om förvärv. De identifierade osäkerheterna kan delas in i sex huvudområden: Tid, Ekonomi, Projekt, Organisation, Myndigheter och Marknad. Studien har även resulterat i ett ramverk för att analysera och värdera osäkerheter samt visualisera dessa i förhållande till varandra. Studien bidrar på så sätt till teorin genom att studera förvärvsprocessen i bostadsutvecklingsprojekt samt presenterar ett strukturerat arbetssätt för att klassificera och analysera osäkerhet. Ramverket som denna studie resulterat i är främst av relevans för beslutsfattare i förvärvsprocessen och kan användas som underlag vid beslut om förvärv av nya projekt. / Early stages of construction projects are usually very complex, and many project conditions are uncertain. Uncertainties can be seen as lack of information and knowledge, which implies that many uncertainties are involved in early stages.  These can result in both positive and negative outcomes. Hence it is important to identify and manage uncertainties in order to make decisions and create proper project conditions. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of uncertainties and uncertainty management in the acquisition process in real estate development, by answering the research question: How can a framework be designed to create a secure basis for decisions by business- and project development during the acquisition process for real estate development in terms of uncertainties? To manage this a case study of a Swedish real estate developer has been conducted, where observations and interviews were conducted at the case company. The result from this study is increased understanding about uncertainty identification but also knowledge about which uncertainties to take in to consideration when making decisions on acquisitions. The identified uncertainties were divided into six major areas: Time, Economy, Project, Organization, Government and Market. This study has also resulted in a framework for analyzing and evaluating uncertainties, which also visualize the uncertainties in relation to each other. The result from this study contributes to theory by studying the acquisition process in real estate development projects and presents a structured approach to classifying and analyzing uncertainties. The framework is mainly relevant for decision-makers within the acquisition process and can be used as the basis for decisions on acquisition of new projects.

Tourism is today one of the largest and fastest growing economic sectors in the world. It has largely become popular, and even become massive within the past few years. It is now possible for the greatest number of people and for an ever lower cost to go all over the planet with always fewer obstacles. It thus entails competition between the countries to welcome the largest number of tourists. In South-East Asia, Thailand is particularly famous as a tourist destination, and attracts tourists from all over the world. Tourism is undoubtedly an important primary source of foreign exchange and employment in Thailand, and helps the country to develop its economy. Nevertheless, the tourism industry is nowadays mostly characterized by mass tourism in Thailand. Despite the economic advantages mass tourism brought, mass tourism also implies many ecological, social and cultural problems for Thailand and all over the world. Among the degradations generated by tourism industry in Thailand, there are: environmental degradation and pollution, destruction of ecosystems and biodiversity, depletion of water resources, waste, coastal erosion, animals mistreatment… and climate change. Climate change will increase the probability of important natural disasters that may cause dramatic damages to the local populations. All these factors will impact the country; influence its future and the choice of the tourists’ destinations. Therefore, it will have a direct impact on the economy if the tourists choose Vietnam, the Philippines, Cambodia and Indonesia over Thailand to travel. A possible answer to tackle these issues could be to get inspiration from Costa Rica. This little Central American country based all its tourism strategy on ecotourism, which aims to have as little impact as possible on the natural environment. It also has an important focus on the education of tourists and aims at raising awareness on the necessity of preserving biodiversity. Thailand is still able to initiate change by looking forward and choosing a long term approach concerning its tourism industry. But Thailand needs to have the courage to implement some new measures and to follow them.

Cette thèse a pour objet d'étudier la sécurité économique dans un contexte de mondialisation. Au sens large du terme la sécurité économique est l’absence de menaces contre le patrimoine économique. La protection de ce patrimoine est effectuée par de nombreuses mesures et politiques et des instruments juridiques. L’intelligence économique avec ses outils a permis le passage d’une sécurité strictement passive à une sécurité active. Les politiques liées à la protection du patrimoine économique s’opèrent par une coopération entre le public et le privé. La recherche met l’accent sur la notion de sécurité économique à l’épreuve de la mondialisation, permettant d’analyser de façon globale les menaces et les politiques de riposte dans un environnement de globalisation économique. / This thesis has for object to study the economic security in a context of globalization. In the broad sense term the economic security is the absence of threats against the economic heritage. The protection of this heritage is carried by many measures and policies and legal instruments. The competitive intelligence with its tools allowed the passage of a strictly passive security an active security. The policies related to economic heritage protection take place by cooperation between the public and the private sector. The search emphasizes the notion of economic security in the event of the globalization, allowing to analyse in a global way the threats and the policies of retort in an environment of economic globalization.

The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how threats and violence can be normalized in the children’s departments within the social services, through a qualitative study. We spoke to six social workers in a series of semi-structured interviews. We analyzed the material that we gathered through previous studies together with Eva Lundgren’s theory of the Process of Normalization. Conclusions that can be drawn from our research are that social workers experience a much larger deal of threats, rather than actual physical violence. The extent of threats targeted at social workers has led to a normalization, and to a culture of where these threats are accepted as a part of the work environment. Threatening situations mainly occur in direct correlation to immediate care of children. In order to cope with threats and violence, a collegial spirit and environment is essential, in combination with correspondence to the head of the administration. Social workers tend to normalize threats by finding other explanations to why the client acted in a certain manner, or by blaming themselves for the situation. There is no clear or given definition of what threats are in the workplace, but it is rather a personal definition, where social workers themselves categorize whether they acknowledge something as a threat or not. The normalization of threats on the other hand can be used as a coping mechanism, to protect oneself from the setbacks and negative effects that threats and violence can entail.

The issue approached in this study is the possible gaps in cybersecurity in the Closed-Circuit TV system (CCTV) currently being implemented in Jamaica. During 2018, the government of Jamaica together with systems developers from MSTech Solutions developed and started to implement a video surveillance system with the aim to cover the entire nation to reduce criminal activities and create a safer society. To address potential problems of cybersecurity in this system, the purpose of this study was to explore which cybersecurity domains and factors were the most important in the JamaicaEye project. In order to examine such a purpose, the cybersecurity of the system is put into contrast with the cybersecurity domains of the C2M2 model to unveil similarities and differences in cybersecurity strategy and application. To be able to collect in-depth data of the JamaicaEye project, a hybrid of a field-and a case- study took place in Ocho Rios, Jamaica, during approximately 9 weeks. Data collection was carried out through interviews with representatives from the Jamaican government and the systems developer, MSTech Solutions. After compiling and transcribing the collected data from the interview the color coding and comparison of the results with the cybersecurity capability maturity model, C2M2, started. The C2M2 model was chosen as the theoretical framework for this study. The results of mapping the theoretical data with the empirical data gave underlying material and a perspective on the most important cybersecurity factors in the JamaicaEye system. This study will be a foundation for future expansion of the project in Jamaica, but also similar projects in other nations that are in need for cybersecurity development, management and assessment. Mainly, this study will be useful for those in the industry of development, analysis and assessment, and cybersecurity of CCTV systems.

The mitigation of insider threats against databases is a challenging problem since insiders often have legitimate privileges to access sensitive data. Conventional security mechanisms, such as authentication and access control, are thus insufficient for the protection of databases against insider threats; such mechanisms need to be complemented with real-time anomaly detection techniques. Since the malicious activities aiming at stealing data may consist of multiple steps executed across temporal intervals, database anomaly detection is required to track users' actions across time in order to detect correlated actions that collectively indicate the occurrence of anomalies. The existing real-time anomaly detection techniques for databases can detect anomalies in the patterns of referencing the database entities, i.e., tables and columns, but are unable to detect the increase in the sizes of data retrieved by queries; neither can they detect changes in the users' data access frequencies. According to recent security reports, such changes are indicators of potential data misuse and may be the result of malicious intents for stealing or corrupting the data. In this thesis, we present techniques for monitoring database accesses and detecting anomalies that are considered early signs of data misuse by insiders. Our techniques are able to track the data retrieved by queries and sequences of queries, the frequencies of execution of periodic queries and the frequencies of referencing the database tuples and tables. We provide detailed algorithms and data structures that support the implementation of our techniques and the results of the evaluation of their implementation.<br>

Social workers have been exposed with threats and violence in work with children and youths for a long time. Threats and violence are a serious problem for social workers because their work is affected by these incidents. The incidents affect social workers because social workers feel concern and fear for their safety or freedom. Therefore the work is also limited based on social workers self-esteem.  Based on two theories; "KASAM" and "Empowerment" the study presents how social workers choose to handle threats and violence against them in work with youths and children.

This dissertation proposes a theoretical framework of attitude change under threatening conditions based on parallel updating. More specifically, I focus on public preferences for policies to address terrorist attacks, pandemics, climate change and natural disasters in periods when these threats are elevated. I test my argument with four original survey experiments, which include eleven interventions and draw on a nationally diverse sample of a total of 9,110 American citizens. These interventions identify the effects of factual information, partisan cues, incidental emotions, ideological and non-ideological framing, and memory priming. Evidence from these experiments provides consistent support that public opinion updating exhibits five characteristics. First, citizens change their views by a small amount. Second, citizens’ opinions move in the direction of information. Third, attitude change occurs regardless of political predispositions and individual attributes. Fourth, exposure to information about a specific policy area does not impact preferences for policies unrelated to this area. The only exception to this rule is when the treatment is emotionally strong. Finally, attitude- and identity-based cross pressures may introduce only minimal bias in the manner citizens update their opinions. These conclusions strongly challenge theories of public opinion which argue that individual differences in more-or-less enduring political and psychological characteristics can lead to political polarization. Although the persuasive techniques studied here are not equally potent in changing political views, the findings invite cautious optimism about the capacity of citizens to update opinions in a reasonable and accurate manner, even when the circumstances are unfavorable. Finally, the results suggest that the roots of polarization should be searched for more directly, notably in the increasingly fragmented political, social, and media environments.

This diploma thesis deals with the proposal of a “Disaster Recovery Plan” for the Informatics department at BUT’s Faculty of Business and Management. The first part consists of theoretical basis of crucial parts of disaster recovery plan, which is the very foundation for the proposal itself. The second part follows up with a description of the server room of the Informatics department, in particular its IT equipment. The third part deals with the very disaster recovery plan proposal which will function as a school code regulation and a foundation for a Business Continuity Management System document.

Thesis „Study of software support of the production processes deals with the issue of the deployment of a particular enterprise information system from the point of view of the project management. The main aim is to design the project solving the implementation of a new integrated control system with the use of IT products.