Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Les travaux de cette thèse concernent l'étude de l'influence des conditions de dépôt sur la microstructure et les propriétés optiques de monocouches dans le but de réaliser des filtres optiques particuliers commercialisables. La méthode de dépôt utilisée est l'évaporation par canon à électrons avec assistance ionique. L'un des deux projets a été de vérifier la faisabilité de filtres optiques infrarouges dans la gamme [2-15] µm avec des matériaux non toxiques. Les monocouches des trois fluorures étudiées ont montré des comportements différents suivant les conditions de dépôt, notamment suivant la température du substrat qui influe fortement sur leur microstructure. L'association du BaF₂ au germanium, avec des réglages optimisés, montre pour différents filtres réalisés des résultats proches de la théorie. Ces filtres sont donc commercialisables. Le second projet a été de développer une machine de dépôt dans le but de pouvoir réaliser des filtres complexes d'une centaine de couches d'épaisseur variable (de 15 à 300 nm) associant des monocouches de TiO₂ à des monocouches de SiO₂. L'étude de l'influence des paramètres de dépôts (pression, assistance ionique, préchauffage du matériau) au travers différentes caractérisations (MEB, AFM, ellipsométrie)  a permis une optimisation des réglages de l'enceinte de dépôt plus efficace et adaptée en fonction des spécifications des filtres optiques à réaliser. Puis, une étude ellipsométrique poussée de l'indice de réfraction des monocouches de TiO₂ en fonction de leur épaisseur a conduit à une nette évolution des résultats pour la réalisation du filtre complexe. / This thesis deals the study of deposition conditions 'effect on the microstructure and optical properties of monolayers in order to achieve marketable optical filters, with particular specifications. All filters and monolayers were deposited by ion-assisted electron-beam evaporation technique. One of the two projects was to test the feasibility of infrared optical filters in the range [2-15] µm with non-toxic materials. The study of monolayers of three fluorides showed different behaviors depending on the deposition conditions especially as a function of the substrate temperature that affects their microstructure. For different filters realized, the association of BaF₂ with germanium, settings of deposition optimized, shows results close to the theory and these filters are marketable. The second project was to develop a deposition chamber in order to realize complex filters built with one hundred layers of variable thickness (15 to 300 nm) associating monolayers of TiO₂ with monolayers of SiO₂. The study of the influence of deposition parameters (pressure, ionic assistance, preheating of material) through different characterizations (SEM, AFM, ellipsometry) allowed the optimization of deposition's parameter settings more effective, and adapted according to the specifications of the optical filters to realize. Then, an ellipsometric advanced study of the refractive index of TiO₂ monolayers depending on their thickness led to a significant change in results for the realization of complex filter.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-04T11:55:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Geisy Nunes Adriano.pdf: 1512084 bytes, checksum: 0f2b73fdeb56e8d8c6994962f13588e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-04T11:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Geisy Nunes Adriano.pdf: 1512084 bytes, checksum: 0f2b73fdeb56e8d8c6994962f13588e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation investigates the presence of the song of the sirens by Homer in "Meu tio o Iauaretê ", by Guimarães Rosa, using as theoretical reference the studies of Blanchot (2005), Oliveira (2008),), Agamben (2014) and Nogueira (2014), among others. In the wake of the interpretation of Blanchot, which traces an analogy between the song of the sirens and the literature making, every writer repeats the deed of Homeric’s character, since the narrative is an unpredictable and infinite searching movement, which makes present the navigation from the actual song to the imaginary song. We question whether there is a resumption of the song of the sirens in the studied narrative, with the goal of specifying how it happens and what its significance is, assuming that the jaguanhenhém song erupts from the threshold experience of metamorphosis between human and inhuman voice/song; portuguese, tupi and animal noise; articulated and unarticulated language. After analysis, we have come to the conclusion that this narrative stages the act of narrating itself, using a language between human-inhuman, in the process of enchantment, seduction and perdition of the triad author-narrator-reader / Esta dissertação investiga a presença do canto das sereias homéricas em “Meu Tio o Iauaretê”, de Guimarães Rosa, tendo como referencial teórico os estudos de Blanchot (2005), Oliveira (2008),), Agamben (2014) e Nogueira (2014), dentre outros. Na esteira da interpretação blanchotiana, que traça uma analogia entre o canto das sereias e o fazer literário, todo escritor repetiria o feito da personagem homérica, uma vez que a narrativa é um movimento imprevisível e infinito de busca, que presentifica a navegação do canto real ao canto imaginário. Questionamos se há uma retomada do canto das sereias na narrativa estudada, com o objetivo de elencar como isto se dá e qual o seu significado, partindo da hipótese de que o canto jaguanhenhém irrompe da experiência liminar de metamorfose entre voz/canto humano e inumano; português, tupi e ruído animal; língua articulada e não articulada. A conclusão a que chegamos, após a análise, é a de que, nesta narrativa roseana, encena-se o gesto do próprio ato de narrar, em uma linguagem entre humano-inumano, no processo de encantamento, sedução e perdição da tríade autor-narrador-leitor

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Dans cette étude, nous avons élaboréun revêtementde TiO₂ par sol-gel sur des alliages super-élastiques de NiTi. L’idée générale était de développer couche mince de TiO₂ protectrice et flexible. Le film mince est formé en immergeant les échantillons de NiTi, préalablement chimiquement gravés, dans une solution réactive à 7,5 mm/s, puis en effectuant plusieurs traitements thermiques :un premier traitement thermique à 100 °C pendant 45 minutes dans une atmosphère humide, un deuxième traitement à 110 °C pendant 2 heures dans une atmosphère sèche et enfin un dernier traitement à 500 °C pendant 10 minutes. Les couches minces de TiO₂ ont été caractérisé par de la flexion trois points, par MEB, par MET, par AFM, par GIXRD, par XPS et par de la cartographie Raman. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré un film nanocomposite, avec ~100nmde TiO2 amorphe formé à l’interface externe de la couche et d'un mélange de grains cristallisés de ~10 nm, d'anatase et de rutile à l'interface interne métal/oxyde.Cette hétéro-structure est capable de soutenir 6,4% de déformation sans l’apparition de défauts plastiques majeurs (cloques, fissures...). Une faible concentration de Ni a été observé au niveau de la surface externe des couches minces de TiO₂, ce qui se traduit par une augmentation de la biocompatibilité du matériau. La technique sol-gel a été utilisée pour revêtir des instruments endodontiques de RaCe. Ce deuxième système a été testé à la fois en fatigue pour estimer sa durée de vie, et à la résistance à la corrosion en NaClO, et à des températures correspondant aux transformations de phase. Les résultats ont montré une augmentation statistiquement significative de la durabilité en fatigue, en particulier après les essais de corrosion. L'efficacité de la « coupe », mesurée par une procédure originale, a été similaire aux instruments revêtus et non revêtus. Le traitement thermique n'a pas été suffisant efficient pour modifier de façon significative les températures de transformation de phase : le comportement mécanique d'origine de l'instrument a été maintenu. / In this work, a dip-coating sol-gel deposition route was developed to coat superelastic NiTi alloy with a flexible TiO₂ protective layer. The film was formed by emerging the samples at 7.5 mm/s and thermally treating at 100ºC in a humid atmosphere for 45 min, 110ºC in a dry atmosphere for 2 hours and at 500ºC for 10 minutes.The film was first deposited over chemically etched substrates and characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, GIXRD, XPS, Raman cartographyand three-point bending tests. Results showed that a ~100 nm nanocomposite film constituted of amorphous TiO₂ on the upper half and a mixture of ~10 nm anatase and rutile grains on the oxide/metal interfacewas formed. This film was capable of sustaining up to 6.4% strain without cracking or peeling. A high decrease in the concentration of Ni at the surface was measured, indicating an that an increase in the biocompatibilityof the material was achieved. This route was used to coat RaCe endodontic instruments, which were tested regarding fatigue life, cutting efficiency and corrosion resistance in NaClO. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in fatigue life for the coated instruments, mainly after corrosion tests. Cutting efficiency measured by an original developed technique was similar for coated and uncoated samples. / Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma rota de deposição sol-gel por imersão para revestirligas de NiTi superelásticas com uma camada protetora e flexível de TiO2. O filmeformado pela emersão de amostras a 7,5 mm/s seguida de tratamentos térmicos a 100ºCpor 45 minutos em atmosfera úmida, 110ºC por 2 horas em atmosfera seca e 500ºC por10 minutos. O filme foi depositado sobre substratos decapados quimicamente ecaracterizados por MEV, MET, AFM, GIXRD, XPS, cartografia Raman e dobramentode três pontos. Resultados mostraram que um filme nanocompósito com ~100 nmconstituído de TiO2 amorfo na metade superior e uma mistura de grãos de 10 a 50 nmde anatase e rutila na interface metal/óxido foi formado. Este filme é capaz de sustentar6,4% de deformação sem trincar ou descamar. Uma grande redução na concentração deNi na superfície foi detectada, indicando um aumento na biocompatibilidade domaterial. A rota foi usada para revestir instrumentos endodônticos de NiTi modeloRaCe 25/0.06 que foram testados em relação à vida em fadiga, eficiência de corte,resistência à corrosão em NaClO. Detectou-se um aumento estatisticamentesignificativo na vida em fadiga, especialmente após os ensaios de corrosão. A eficiênciade corte, medida por um procedimento original desenvolvido, foi similar parainstrumentos revestidos e não revestidos. O tratamento térmico não foi suficiente paraalterar significativamente as temperaturas de transformação de fases, mantendo ocomportamento mecânico original do instrumento.

Thrombosis and restenosis are two major complications associated with current commercial vascular stents. In situ regeneration of a healthy endothelium has been recognized as a promising strategy to address these issues. Numerous strategies have been explored for this goal. However, in most of the cases, they only focused on enhancing endothelial cell growth, ignoring antithrombotic requirements and the competition between smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) for their growth. This resulted in non-satisfying clinical results. In this study, we created a multifunctional surface that meets the need of antithrombosis and re-endothelialization. A nanotubular titanium oxide (TiO₂) system has been developed, which elutes the direct thrombin inhibitor, bivalirudin (BVLD); moreover, polydopamine (PDAM) is used to tailor the surface functionality of TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs) for controlling the elution of BVLD. PDAM-functionalized TiO₂ NTs controls the BVLD for more than two months. BVLD eluted from NTs was bioactive and showed a substantial inhibitory effect on thrombin bioactivity, platelet adhesion and activation. In addition, the BVLD-eluting nanotubular TiO₂ system has high selectivity to enhance human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) growth, while it inhibits human umbilical artery smooth muscle cell (HUASMC) proliferation. Our design strategy for the BVLD-eluting nanotubular TiO₂ system creates a favorable microenvironment for durable thromboresistance and the promotion of reendothelialization, and thus it is suitable for the long-term treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Le concept d'automate cellulaire quantique (QCA) introduit en 1993 représente un changement de paradigme dans la microélectronique moderne. Introduite en 1993, cette technologie utilise la position de quelques électrons plutôt que la quantité d'électrons dans un condensateur pour encoder l'information. Ce paradigme réduit grandement la consommation énergétique de ces dispositifs électroniques et pourrait permettre de repousser les limites rencontrées avec les technologies classiques. Plusieurs réalisations expérimentales de ce concept ont été réalisées, mais ne fonctionnent qu'à très basse température (1,5 K). Les développements réalisés à l'aide du procédé nanodamascène à l'Université de Sherbrooke ont permis de démontrer la faisabilité de fabrication des transistors monoélectroniques fonctionnant à haute température (> 400 K). Ces transistors sont sensibles à des variations de la configuration de charges plus faible que la charge d'un électron et peuvent donc servir de détecteurs de charge. Cette fonctionnalité en fait un outil indispensable pour la détection de l'état de sortie d'un circuit QCA. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la combinaison de ces deux technologies avec l'objectif de pouvoir élever la température d'opération des QCA électrostatiques. L'architecture d'une demi-cellule QCA bistable pour l'encodage de l'information binaire et des transistors monoélectroniques comme détecteurs de l'état de charge de la demi-cellule est conçue afin de fabriquer ces deux parties en utilisant le procédé nanodamascène. À terme, la combinaison des deux concepts pourrait donner une technologie compatible avec les technologies actuelles et fonctionnant à haute température. Le document présente une méthode de simulation innovante permettant d'utiliser la géométrie réelle du dispositif et d'obtenir les caractéristiques électriques en tenant compte des effets parasites. Cette méthode est utilisée pour optimiser le dessin du dispositif, pour corréler les résultats attendus avec les mesures expérimentales, puis pour en extraire certains paramètres comme les résistances tunnel et les permittivités diélectriques des matériaux de barrière tunnel. Une étude démontrant l'impact de l'utilisation de structures sacrificielles pour le polissage mécano chimique a permis d'optimiser leur taille et leur densité pour améliorer l'uniformité du polissage. Les résultats obtenus de jonctions tunnel MIM ont permis d'améliorer la stabilité dans le temps des dispositifs. Finalement, les caractérisations de transistors monoélectroniques individuels et couplés permettent de démontrer le fonctionnement des dispositifs, leur correspondance aux valeurs attendues et la possibilité de les utiliser comme détecteur de charge. Les résultats présentés dans ces travaux permettent de conclure que tous les éléments nécessaires sont en place pour permettre la fabrication d'une cellule QCA en procédé nanodamascène. Les travaux représentent un premier grand pas vers la démonstration de QCA nanodamascène fonctionnant à haute température.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reginaldo Donizetti dos Santos.pdf: 786409 bytes, checksum: 6c63a792a77a93121a18446591ea7d71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / Oral communication reigned absolute since the dawn of civilization until, with the cultures development, the emergence of writing revolutionized the way knowledge was recorded and preserved. In the quest to better understand the dichotomy between oral communication and writing, this paper discusses the linguistic peculiarities present in hinterland spontaneous language. Thus, it was decided to use as the corpus of the analysis in this thesis the tale Meu tio o Iauaretê, from the author João Guimarães Rosa (JGR), a natural of Minas Gerais, whose protagonist Tonho Tigreiro supposed metamorphoses into a jaguar that kills enemies merging revenge, hatred and regret, making use of an oral blending linguistic phenomena characterized by neologisms and onomatopoeia. From the review of the production of scholars on the subject as Preti, Bakhtin, Marcuschi, Ullmann among others, the objective of this study could be summarized in the following question: Which signs of orality present in the analyzed text feature the ordinary and everyday speech of the countryman and what are the most frequent linguistic peculiarities in there? Among the findings, it is observed that JGR celebrates cultural diversity and combat, by the language used in the text treatment, the possible biases in ordinary speech so common in the free use of orality and writing in everyday language practice, which also proposes a review of concepts like right , wrong , appropriate for the use of the language in certain communicative moments / A oralidade reinou absoluta desde os primórdios da civilização, até que, com o desenvolvimento das culturas, o surgimento da escrita revolucionou a forma como o conhecimento passou a ser registrado e preservado. Na busca de melhor compreender a aparente dicotomia entre a modalidade oral e a escrita, este trabalho discute as peculariedades linguísticas orais presentes na linguagem espontânea sertaneja. Assim, decidiu-se utilizar como corpus de análise desta dissertação o conto Meu tio o Iauaretê, do mineiro João Guimarães Rosa (JGR), cujo protagonista Tonho Tigreiro supostamente se metamorfoseia em onça mesclando vingança, ódio e arrependimento, valendo-se de uma oralidade que mistura fenômenos linguageiros caracterizados por neologismos e onomatopeias. A partir da revisão da produção de estudiosos do tema como Preti, Bakhtin, Marcuschi, Ullmann entre outros, o objetivo do estudo pôde ser sintetizado na seguinte indagação: Quais marcas de oralidade presentes no texto analisado caracterizam a fala cotidiana e corriqueira do sertanejo e quais são as peculiaridades linguageiras mais frequentes? Entre os achados, verifica-se que JGR exalta a diversidade cultural e combate, mediante o tratamento linguístico utilizado no texto, possíveis preconceitos à fala corriqueira tão frequente nos usos livres da oralidade e da escrita na prática cotidiana da língua, o que faz rever posicionamentos acerca de conceitos como certo , errado , apropriado quanto ao uso da língua em determinados momentos comunicativos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:51:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 432086.pdf: 1674235 bytes, checksum: 2ed5ea531f6750c937a1c83b125d4be9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-17 / L?tio tem sido o principal tratamento para desordens bipolares desde 1950, oferecendo um efeito profil?tico e agudo contra os epis?dios man?acos e depressivos, apesar dos desafios encontrados na sua administra??o durante a gravidez e o per?odo perinatal. Os mecanismo por tr?s dos efeitos do l?tio ainda n?o foram descritos completamente mas existem evidencias de um efeito sobre a via Wnt-?-catenina devido a sua capacidade de inibi??o sobre a GSK-3?. Neste estudo n?s avaliamos os efeitos da exposi??o ao l?tio durante o desenvolvimento inicial de Zebrafish incluindo caracteriza??es comportamentais e moleculares do sistema Wnt-?-catenina-Caderina. Embri?es foram tratados individualmente por 72hpf com LiCl 0.05, 0.5 e 5 mM. N?o foram observadas malforma??es significativas nem efeitos embriot?xicos. Em 10 dpf animais tratados com 0.5 e 5 mM de l?tio demonstraram habilidades locomotoras similares a s?ndrome induzida por l?tio em humanos Floppy baby syndrom. An?lises atrav?s da t?cnica de Western blot demonstraram uma express?o aumentada nos n?veis de ?-catenina e diminu?da para N-caderina. Animais com 10dpf reestabeleceram seus n?veis de express?o proteica de acordo com o controle. An?lises atrav?s da t?cnica de qPCR n?o demonstraram nenhum efeito sobre os n?veis de ?-catenina ou N-caderina, sugerindo a ocorr?ncia de mudan?as p?s-transcricionais. Enquanto os n?veis de c-myc n?o foram alterados, houve uma diminui??o nos n?veis de Cyclin D1 em larvas de 3dpf, enquanto os n?veis de CamkIV ocilaram

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HellenMBS.pdf: 624745 bytes, checksum: 05c801a8c20db56d1b740cefd46a6bfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The intention of the present study was to analyze the adequacy of the playground of elementary schools, according to the point of view of the child student, direct user of this type of environment, what estimated its critical in respect to these spaces and aimed at to contribute for its improvement. Many studies have analyzed the quality of the physical environment available for activities of leisure in specific places for children, focusing in the influence of the physical space in the interpersonal relationships and the comfort and satisfaction generated by the physical characteristics of these spaces. Concern with scholar environment, specially the interest on playgrounds, has been subject of recent studies; however, little attention has been given to the opinion of the user-child in relation to this school environment. In this inquiry of the playground of two state schools of 1? to 4? series of elementary school in the city of Piracicaba, SP, was used: assystematics observations, photographic register of the studied environments, interviews with child-users and behavioral mapping. The main subjects resulting from the analysis of the interviews content were: adaptation, density and interpersonal relationships, and infantile confinement. The results revealed the unsatisfactory conditions of the courtyards, in respect to person-environment relationship. The children demonstrated to be critical, creative and responsible when answering questions related to the quality of the school courtyard. This finding confirms previous studies and leads to the conclusion that the child, as the direct user, should be included as an excellent source of consultation in the planning of the constructed environment / O prop?sito do presente estudo foi analisar a adequa??o do p?tio de escolas do ensino fundamental, segundo o ponto de vista da crian?a estudante, usu?ria direta desse tipo de ambiente, o que pressupunha sua cr?tica a respeito desses espa?os e visava a contribuir para sua melhoria. Muitos estudos t?m analisado a qualidade dos ambientes f?sicos disponibilizados para atividades de lazer em locais espec?ficos para crian?as, focalizando a influ?ncia do espa?o f?sico nas rela??es interpessoais e no conforto e satisfa??o gerados pelas caracter?sticas f?sicas desses espa?os. Preocupa??o com o ambiente escolar, sobretudo o interesse em p?tios escolares, tem sido tema de estudos recentes; entretanto, pouca aten??o tem sido dada ? opini?o do usu?rio-crian?a em rela??o a esse ambiente escolar. Nesta investiga??o dos p?tios de duas escolas estaduais de 1? a 4? s?ries do ensino fundamental na cidade de Piracicaba, SP, foram utilizadas: observa??es assistem?ticas, registro fotogr?fico dos ambientes estudados, entrevistas com as crian?as-usu?rias e mapeamento comportamental. Os principais temas decorrentes da an?lise do conte?do das entrevistas foram: adapta??o, densidade e rela??es interpessoais e confinamento infantil. Os resultados revelaram as condi??es insatisfat?rias dos p?tios, no que diz respeito aos aspectos das rela??es pessoa-ambiente. As crian?as se mostraram cr?ticas, criativas e respons?veis ao responderem quest?es relacionadas ? qualidade do p?tio escolar. Esta constata??o confirma estudos anteriores e conduz ? conclus?o de que a crian?a, como usu?ria direta, deveria ser inclu?da como uma fonte relevante de consulta no planejamento do ambiente constru?do