Denna studie undersöker hur autentiska mottagare används i undervisning med elever i årskurs 1–3. Studien bygger på kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder där 47 personer har deltagit i en enkät varav fyra deltog vidare i intervjuer. Resultat visar att lärarna använder sig av autentiska mottagare på olika sätt beroende på deras uppfattning av begreppet. Lärarna använder sig av analoga och digitala medier. Arbetssättet bidrar till en positiv inverkan hos eleven genom att eleven blir motiverad och upplever arbetet som lustfyllt. Lärarna i studien påtalar en rad olika vinster som uppstår i arbetet med autentiska mot­tagare inom skrivundervisning. Vinster lärarna uttalade sig om handlade bland annat om elevernas förmåga att rätta sina och sina klasskamraters texter, utveckla sin skrivstil, anpassa texter till mottagare, utveckla en samarbetsvilja, behärska den digitala tekniken, utveckla en förståelse för källkritik och nätetikett. Sammanfattningsvis för att betona arbetet med autentiska mottagare i undervisning kan man säga att oavsett om texten når mottagaren eller inte anses de autentiska mottagarna som verkliga.

This thesis is about description and design of system for media files management and their distribution. System allows users to upload media files in different formats. Media files are distributed to devices on which they are played. The system creates an overview of the playback based on records that the device sent to the system. The thesis describes the technology used to create the system. Furthermore, the work is a description of the structure of the system, its functions and a description of system implementation.

Background: Ransomware attacks are a significant threat to digital informa-tion, and with the increasing adoption of cloud storage services, attackers now targetcloud environments. The existing literature on ransomware detection has primarilyfocused on local environments, and there is a limited body of research on applyingthese approaches to the cloud environment. Objectives: In this thesis, we aim to develop a behavior-based ransomware de-tection system for cloud environments, specifically focusing on Google Drive, usingmachine learning techniques. We will create a dedicated Google Workspace and uti-lize the Google Cloud Platform for developing the anomaly detection classifier. Methods: We will review related work in ransomware detection and machinelearning approaches to select suitable techniques for our research. Our anomaly de-tection classifier will analyze user activities in the cloud, such as file access patternsand permission changes, to detect deviations indicative of ransomware attacks. Results: We will validate our system’s performance by conducting experimentsin our Google Workspace, emulating ransomware attacks, and comparing the classi-fier’s performance against existing techniques. Conclusions: Our thesis aims to contribute a novel, behavior-based detectionsystem for ransomware attacks in cloud environments, advancing the state-of-the-artand providing a scalable solution for various cloud storage providers.Keywords: ransomware detection, cloud environments, behavior-based detec-tion, machine learning, Google Drive.

The pathogen Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis has been classified as a Center for Disease Control (CDC) select agent. However, little is still known of what makes the bacteria cause dis-ease, especially the highly virulent type A1 strains. The work in this dissertation focused on type A1 strains from the Inzana laboratory, including a wildtype virulent strain TI0902, an avirulent chemical mutant strain TIGB03 with a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the wbtK gene, and several complemented mutants, [wbtK+]TIGB03, with dramatic differences in virulence and growth rates. One of the complemented clones (Clone12 or avp-[wbtK+]TIGB03-C12) was aviru-lent, but protected mice against challenge of a lethal dose of TI0902 and was considered as a possible vaccine strain. Whole genome sequencing was performed to identify genetic differences between the virulent, avirulent and protective strains using both Roche/454 and Illumina next-generation sequencing technologies. Additionally, RNASeq analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between the different strains. This comprehensive genomic analysis revealed the critical role of transposable elements in inducing genomic instability resulting in large du-plications and deletions in the genomes of the chemical mutant and the complemented clones that in turn affect gene dosage and expression of genes known to regulate virulence. For exam-ple, whole genome sequencing of the avirulent chemical mutant TIGB03 revealed a large 75.5 kb tandem duplication flanked by transposable elements, while the genome of a virulent Clone01 (vir-[wbtK+]TIGB03-C1) lost one copy of the 75.5 kb tandem duplicated region but gained a tandem duplication of another large 80kb region that contains a virulence associated transcription factor SspA. RNAseq data showed that the dosage effect of this extra region in Clone1 suppresses expression of MglA regulated genes. Since MglA regulates genes that are known to be crucial for virulence, including the well-studied Francisella Pathogenicity Island (FPI), these results suggest that gene dosage effects arising from large duplications can trigger unknown virulence mechanisms in F. tularensis subsp. tularensis. These results are important especially when designing live vaccine strains that have repeated insertion elements in their genomes. / Ph. D.

The phenomenon of news avoidance receives increasing scholarly attention as small but growing parts of society decrease or terminate their news intake. This development is particularly visible among younger generations, correlating with an increasing wish to disconnect digitally. The severity of news avoidance for society depends on the chosen democratic model. Following Habermas’ understanding of deliberative democracy theory, citizens are expected to be informed and willing to connect to the public. However, there are considerations for a change in citizenship ideals that reflect the implications of the digitalized world in which news consumption is situated. Consequently, there is a shift away from the normative expectation of always being informed, and even alternative ways of public connection have emerged. To explore the tension between news avoidance, the normative expectations of public connection, and the call for a more realistic view of today’s citizenship, this study explores news avoidance among young Swedish citizens. In ten in-depth interviews with young news avoiders, motivations for their low levels of news consumption were explored, leading to three categories: mental health, relevancy, and structural factors. Repeatedly mentioned were the personal considerations that news consumption decreased mental well-being and that free time was preferably used for personal interests. Additionally, the wish to disconnect from digital devices either directly or indirectly influenced news consumption. Moreover, understandings of citizenship were examined, showing various views ranging from cultural belonging to obligations. Regarding civic duties, the findings were ambivalent, showing both an understanding and a questioning of news consumption as a duty for citizens. Alternative ways of public connection, such as TV shows or social media consumption, seemed insufficient. Concluding, from the standpoint of deliberative democracy, the findings on news avoidance and participants’ understanding of citizenship pose a challenge for democratic societies that hampers public connection.

Trading optimal wind power in energy and regulation market offers possibil-ities for increasing revenues as well as impacting security of the system in apositive way[33]. The bidding in both energy and regulation markets can bedone through stochastic optimization process of both markets.Stochastic optimization can be possible once the probabilistic forecst is avail-able through ensemble forecast methodology. For stochastic optimization, thepost-processing of the ensembles to generate quantiles that will be used in op-timization can be accomplished by employing different methodology. In thisstudy, we will concentrate on the impact of post-processing of ensembles onthe stochastic optimization.Generation of quantiles needed for stochastic optimization used herein formarket optimization will be the main focus of the investigation. The impactof price ratios between energy and reserve market will be also investigated toanalyse the impact of said ratios on the revenues. Furthermore this analysiswill be performed for both US and Swedish markets.

A presente dissertação analisa a modulação dos efeitos temporais da declaração de incons-titucionalidade sob a perspectiva de seus métodos de aplicação. Aprecia-se criticamente a adequação da orientação jurisprudencial feita pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e defendida pela predominante doutrina brasileira no sentido de que a modulação de efeitos deve ser realizada a partir da técnica de ponderação de princípios. Neste propósito, este trabalho apresenta os principais métodos mencionados na doutrina estrangeira e brasileira para a modulação de efeitos, subdividindo-os em soluções com ponderação e soluções com sub-sunção. Além disso, tomando-se como fundamento que a invalidação da lei inconstitucio-nal é ato de imposição de sanção jurídica, analisam-se os pontos em comum existentes entre a modulação de efeitos e a dosimetria da pena, na medida em que ambas podem ser consideradas técnicas de dosagem de sanção jurídica. / This dissertation examines the changing of temporal effects judgment of unconstitutionali-ty from the perspective of their application methods. Critically, it studies the adequacy of judicial guidance made by Supreme Court and defended by the prevailing brazilian doc-trine that chancing effects should be performed using the technique of balacing principles. In this way, this study presents the main methods mentioned in brazilian and foreign doc-trine for chancing effects, subdividing into balacing solutions and subsumption solutions. Moreover, taking assumption that invalidation of unconstitutional law is adjudication act of legal sanction, it analyzes commonalities between chancing effects and criminal dosimetry, because both can be considered dosage techniques of legal sanction.

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-06T18:00:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paula Francinete Faustino da Silva - 2014..pdf: 2636030 bytes, checksum: 541cdc7c62049af013a9e3343fd197d1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-19T14:26:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paula Francinete Faustino da Silva - 2014..pdf: 2636030 bytes, checksum: 541cdc7c62049af013a9e3343fd197d1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-19T14:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paula Francinete Faustino da Silva - 2014..pdf: 2636030 bytes, checksum: 541cdc7c62049af013a9e3343fd197d1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Nearly 60% of the Paracoccidioides genes encode proteins annotated as hypothetical proteins or predicted proteins (HPs). Transcriptomes studies revealed 2364 HPs expressed in mycelium and yeast form; during the transition from mycelium to yeast; and under conditions that mimic the infection pathway. In this study, we describe a global detection and functional inference for the HPs in Paracoccidioides. For these analysis we used computational methods based on sequence similarity, search for targeting signals, presence of known protein domains and also a functional classification based on Gene Ontology. Our analysis allowed the HPs to be classified into different functional categories such as metabolism, organelle organization, cell communication, protein localization, cell cycle, signaling and cell differentiation. We also performed a functional enrichment analysis of the transcripts expressed under different growth conditions. The best represented functional domains are those involved in the regulation of gene expression, suggesting that these HPs may be involved in regulation of the gene response and adaptation. The transcriptional profiling of six HPs confirms that they are highly expressed in the presence of human blood and plasma and also during phase transition, a crucial event for establishment of the infection process. Additionally, we have cloned and expressed the gene encoding the hypothetical protein PAAG_08614 from Pb01. The transcript and protein expression were evaluated by qPCR e western-blot, respectively. PAAG_08614 is preferentially expressed in mycelium and during mycelium to yeast transition. This work constitutes the first large-scale characterization of the proteins of unknown functional from Paracoccidioides spp. and helps the functional assignment of hypothetical proteins, as well as the understanding of the data generated from structural and functional genome. / Aproximadamente 60% dos genes de Paracoccidioides ssp. codificam proteínas anotadas como proteínas hipotéticas ou proteínas preditas (HPs). Estudos Transcricionais revelaram 2.364 HPs foram expressas nas fases de micélio e levedura; durante a transição de micélio para levedura; e em condições que mimetizam as vias de infecção. Neste estudo, descrevemos uma detecção global e inferência funcional para as HPs de Paracoccidioides. Para essas análises foram utilizados métodos computacionais baseados na similaridade de sequência, procurar de peptídeos de sinais, presença de domínios de proteínas conhecidas e também uma classificação funcional baseada no Gene Ontology. Nossa análise permitiu a classificação das HPs em diferentes categorias funcionais, tais como o metabolismo, organização de organela, comunicação celular, localização de proteínas, ciclo celular, sinalização e diferenciação celular. Também realizamos uma análise de enriquecimento funcional dos transcritos expressos em diferentes condições de cultivo. Os domínios funcionais mais bem representados são os envolvidos na regulação da expressão gênica, o que sugere que estas proteínas estão envolvidas na regulação da resposta e adaptação do fungo às diferentes condições impostas pelo ambiente. A análise do perfil transcricional de seis HPs confirmou que elas são altamente expressas na presença de sangue e de plasma humano e também durante a fase de transição, um evento crucial para o estabelecimento do processo de infecção. Adicionalmente, o gene que codifica a proteína hipotética de PAAG_08614 de Pb01 foi clonado e expresso. A expressão dos transcritos e proteínas foram avaliadas por qPCR e western-blot, respectivamente. A PAAG_08614 é preferencialmente expressa na fase de micélio e durante a transição micélio para levedura. Este trabalho representa a primeira caracterização em grande escala das proteínas de função desconhecida de Paracoccidioides spp. e ajuda na atribuição funcional de proteínas hipotéticas, assim como uma melhor compreensão dos dados gerados a partir do genoma estrutural e funcional.

Gränsdragningen mellan närings- och hobbyverksamhet är särskilt svår i hästverk-samheter där det nästan alltid finns ett inslag av personligt nöje i utövandet. En verk-samhet ska bedrivas yrkesmässigt, självständigt och med ett vinstsyfte för att uppfyl-la näringskriterierna i 13 kap. 1 § IL. Är kraven på näringsverksamhet inte uppfyllda så kan verksamheten istället beskattas som hobby. Det räcker oftast inte att hästverk-samheten bedrivs med ett vinstsyfte utan den måste i princip generera ett överskott för att inte beskattas som hobbyverksamhet. Kraven som ställs på en hästverksamhet för att den ska uppfylla näringskriterierna är således att den bedrivs yrkesmässigt, självständigt och att den går med vinst.I en näringsverksamhet måste det avgöras vilka hästar som ska ingå och hur de som tillgångar ska klassificeras. Alla hästar som innehas med ett vinstsyfte ska ingå i när-ingsverksamheten. Vinstsyftet uppnås genom att hästen är till för att omsättas eller används för reproduktion. När hästen uppfyller vinstsyftet ska den klassificeras som antingen djur i jordbruk, omsättningstillgång eller inventarium. Det är syftet med in-nehavet som styr klassificeringen.Innehav av en näringsfastighet utgör automatiskt näringsverksamhet utan att prövas mot näringskriterierna. Frågan är om hästinkomster kan ha en sådan naturlig anknyt-ning till en näringsfastighet att den automatiskt utgör näringsverksamhet. Som rätts-läget ser ut idag så kommer inte inkomster från en hästverksamhet automatiskt be-skattas som näringsverksamhet enbart på grund av ett näringsfastighetsinnehav. Hästverksamheten måste självständigt uppfylla kraven på näringsverksamhet för att beskattas som sådan. / The distinction between professional business and hobby activities is particularly dif-ficult when there is a personal interest involved in the activity. Such problem emerges in businesses involving horses. According to chapter 13, § 1 of the Swedish taxation law the activity must fulfill certain conditions to be seen as a professional business. The activity has to be professional, durable and pursued in such way that it aims to be profitable or else it can be seen as a hobby. A horse related business must often generate a profit to be seen as a professional business. Once established that the horse related activity is a professional business it must be determined which horses should be included. All horses with an aim to be profitable should be included in the business. If the horse is intended to be sold or used as a breeder it fulfills the requirement to be included in the business. When included in the business the horse have to be classified as an asset. The horse can be classified as either animals in agriculture, current asset or inventory.Profits generated from activities which originate from a farm property can be seen as a professional business without having to fulfill the requirements in chapter 13, § 1 of the Swedish taxation law. The question is whether horse activities carried out on a farm property can be seen as a business solely because it is situated on a farm proper-ty. Profits originating from horse related activities on the property must according to the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court fulfill the business criterions to be taxed as a business. It will not automatically be seen as a business just because it is carried out on a farm property.

The National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) is a respected nation-wide program in charge of assessing the health and nutritional status of adults and children in United States. Recent cal research found that folic acid play an important role in preventing baby birth defects. In this paper, we use the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method to study the generalized linear model (GLM) with compound symmetric correlation matrix for the NHANES data and investigate significant factors to ence the intake of food folic acid.