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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Příprava keramických vláken elektrostatickým zvlákňováním / Electrospinning of ceramic fibers

Nemčovský, Jakub January 2017 (has links)
This diploma thesis focuses on the fabrication of ceramic fibres by electrospinning. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the currently available information regarding ceramic fibres, their properties, applications and fabrication. The theoretical part also describes the process of electrospinning as one of the most frequently used methods of nanofibre fabrication, as well as the parametres influencing this process. The experimental part is aimed at the fabrication of ceramic fibres based on titania, pure non-doped zirconia and yttria-doped zirconia by electrospinning and at the characterization of thus fabricated fibres. Ceramic precursors based on propoxide and polyvinylpyrrolidone were subjected to electrospinning. The experimental part of this diploma thesis also describes the influence of precursor composition, process conditions and calcination temperature on the morphology and phase composition of the fibres. Precursors were characterized by viscosity measurements. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Röntgen analysis (RTG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to describe the fibres. By performing electrospinning of precursors based on titanium propoxide and subsequent calcination at 500-1300 °C, TiO2 fibres with thickness of 100-2500 nm were fabricated. The phase composition changed with calcination temperature from 500 °C from anatase phase through rutile blend to pure rutile at 900 °C. By performing electrospinning of precursors based on zirconium propoxide and subsequent calcination at 550-1100 °C, 0 – 8 mol% Y2O3 doped ZrO2 fibres with thickness of 50-1000 nm were fabricated. An analysis of fibres based on non-doped ZrO2, calcined at 550 °C showed a composition of predominantly monoclinic phase. An analysis of 3 or 8 mol% Y2O3 doped ZrO2 fibres calcined at 900 °C showed a composition of predominantly tetragonal phase or purely cubic phase, respectively. With the increasing calcination temperature, the morphology of the fibres changed from porous nanostructure to chain-like non-porous structure consisting of micrometer grains of TiO2 or ZrO2. The ZrO2 fibres calcined at 700 °C remained flexible as well as the spun ones, while their fragility increased with the increase in calcination temperature.
182

Biokeramický skafold pro vedení nervů připravený metodou freeze-casting / Neural bioceramic scaffold prepared by freeze-casting

Vojníková, Michaela January 2021 (has links)
Pre regeneráciu a rast poranených nervových vlákien bolo preskúmaných mnoho postupov, no výsledný rast axónov je často náhodný až dezorganizovaný a odráža sa na zložitejšom zotavovaní pacienta. V tejto práci boli vyrobené nové skafoldy s mikroštruktúrnymi a mechanickými vlastnosťami nervového skafoldu pomocou metódy freeze-casting. Konkrétne boli vyrobené biokeramické skafoldy na báze fosforečnanov vápenatých, oxidu titaničitého alebo oxidu zirkoničitého. Pomocou kontrolovaného rastu ľadu v jednom smere bola pripravená orientovaná mikroštruktúra. Pozorovanie pomocou skenovacej elektrónovej mikroskopie potvrdilo lineárne orientované póry (lamelárny systém), v ktorých priemerná veľkosť pórov klesala so zvyšujúcou sa rýchlosťou mrazenia. Skafoldy pripravené pomocou mrazenia v tekutom dusíku vykazovali vynikajúce mechanické vlastnosti, kde pevnosť v ohybe bola získaná v rozmedzí 10–17 MPa. Tie isté skafoldy mali vzdialenosť medzilamelamelárnych priestorov 10–30 µm, ktorých parametre sú vhodné pre nervové skafoldy. Biokompatibilita bola vyhodnotená pomocou Schwannových buniek in vitro, kde bola pozorovaná adhézia a rast v lamelárnom smere. Cytotoxické testy odhalili negatívny vplyv vyššej koncentrácie vápnika na prežitie Schwannových buniek. Pripravené skafoldy mali schopnosť tvorby apatitu na povrchu v podobe embryonálnych a nukleačných centier a apatitu samotného. Skafoldy na báze fosforečnanov vápenatých a oxidu titaničitého vykazovali sľubné regeneračné vlastnosti, konkrétne adhéziu a rast prostredníctvom pórovitej štruktúry a taktiež vynikajúce mechanické vlastnosti.
183

Multi-Functional Composite Materials for Catalysis and Chemical Mechanical Planarization

Coutinho, Cecil A 23 February 2009 (has links)
Composite materials formed from two or more functionally different materials offer a versatile avenue to create a tailored material with well defined traits. Within this dissertation research, multi-functional composites were synthesized based on organic and inorganic materials. The functionally of these composites was experimentally tested and a semi-empirical model describing the sedimentation behavior of these particles was developed. This first objective involved the fabrication of microcomposites consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles confined within porous, microgels of a thermo-responsive polymer for use in the photocatalytic treatment of wastewater. TiO2 has been shown to be an excellent photocatalyst with potential applications in advanced oxidative processes such as wastewater remediation. Upon UV irradiation, short-lived electron-hole pairs are generated, which produce oxidative species that degrade simple organic contaminants. The rapid sedimentation of these microcomposites provided an easy gravimetric separation after remediation. Methyl orange was used as a model organic contaminant to investigate the kinetics of photodegradation under a range of concentrations and pH conditions. Although after prolonged periods of UV irradiation (~8-13 hrs), the titania-microgels also degrade, regeneration of the microcomposites was straightforward via the addition of polymer microgels with no loss in photocatalytic activity of the reformed microcomposites. The second objective within this dissertation involved the systematic development of abrasive microcomposite particles containing well dispersed nanoparticles of ceria in an organic/inorganic hybrid polymeric particle for use in chemical mechanical polishing/planarization (CMP). A challenge in IC fabrication involves the defect-free planarization of silicon oxide films for successful multi-layer deposition. Planarization studies conducted with the microcomposites prepared in this research, yield very smooth, planar surfaces with removal rates that rival those of inorganic oxides slurries typically used in industry. The density and size of these ceria-microgel particles could be controlled by varying the temperature or composition during synthesis, leading to softer or harder polishing when desired.
184

Experimentelle und theoretische Ansätze zur Entschwefelung eines mit Kohlenwasserstoffen beladenen Gases

Averlant, Gauthier 24 January 2006 (has links)
The catalycal oxidation of hydrogen sulphide in presence of small amounts of hexan has been investigated over a Titania catalyst. H2S is converted into sulphur. Nevertheless the catalyst undergoes a deactivation through coke formation. In order to explain the coke profile in the inner of the catalyst's pellet, the influence of the internal heat and mass transfers has been considered using a pore network. / Die katalytische Oxydation von Schwefelwasserstoff auf einem TiO2-Anatase-Katalysator wird in Anwesenheit von n-Hexan durchgeführt. Schwefel wird gebildet. Der Katalysator unterliegt jedoch eine schnelle Deaktivierung durch Russbildung, die anhand eines Porennetzwerksmodells simuliert werden wird. Sowohl Stoff- als auch Wärmetransport werden berücksichtigt.
185

Surface modification of wood using nano-sized titania particles coated by liquid-precursor flame spray pyrolysis

Sedhain, Ganesh 12 May 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Wood is a renewable resource and versatile material used in tasks ranging from tools and furniture to advanced engineering structures. Although wood is light, mechanically robust, environmentally friendly, and abundant, some inherent properties of wood, such as degradation due to moisture and UV radiation from sunlight, are less desirable for extended service life and dimensional stability. In this dissertation, a novel surface modification of wood is explored by depositing nano-sized titania particles on wood veneers and cross-laminated timber (CLT) blocks by liquid-precursor flame spray pyrolysis to confer reversible wettability switching and enhanced durability to UV irradiation. The reaction between a flame source and a titanium precursor in isopropyl alcohol under controlled air pressure created a micrometer-scale thin TiO2 coating on wood that turns the treated wood superhydrophobic with a water contact angle (WCA) of >=150°. Morphological studies suggest the coating is comprised of sub-100 nm TiO2 individual and aggregated particles, creating a very porous microstructure. The coating consists of TiO2 rich in the anatase phase (>60%) with an average crystal size of 18 and 32 nm for the anatase and rutile phases, respectively. The wettability switching characteristics of the surface of TiO2-wood veneers from superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity (WCA ~0°) and again back to superhydrophobicity are examined through UV exposure (0.0032 W/m2), WCA measurements, and vacuum drying at ~0.14 mbar. The color and gloss spectrometry results of the TiO2-treated CLT samples indicate that the coating offered better resistance to discoloration and gloss change than the uncoated samples during the 8-week accelerated weathering conditions. The data shows that the FSP-treated CLT samples were more than two times more effective in preventing discoloration and changes in natural luster, as evidenced by the significant differences in L*, a*, b*, and gloss values. Moreover, the FSP treatment might have played a role in preventing weathering defects, such as splits and cracks. In addition, the FSP-treated CLT specimens were able to reduce variability in the samples more effectively than the control group. Overall, the findings of the study indicate that liquid-precursor FSP has the potential to serve as a facile, economically viable, and less energy-intensive approach to modify wooden surfaces for improved hydrophobicity, as well as to provide shielding against the deteriorating impacts of UV radiation and moisture exposure. Keywords: wood modification, flame spray pyrolysis, titania coating, superhydrophobic coating, particle deposition, wettability switching
186

Spectroscopic Characterization of Metal Oxide Nanofibers

Bender, Edward Thomas 18 May 2006 (has links)
No description available.
187

Growth of Titania Nanowires by Thermal Oxidation

Dinan, Benjamin J. 22 June 2012 (has links)
No description available.
188

Experimental investigations on nuclear aerosols in a severe accident

Delgado Tardáguila, Rosario 02 May 2016 (has links)
[EN] In case of a severe accident in a NPP fission products are released from the degraded fuel and may reach the environment if their confinement is lost and/or bypassed. Given the high radio-toxic nature of nuclear aerosols for environment and population, their unrestricted release should be absolutely avoided. One particular situation is the core meltdown sequence with steam generator tube rupture (SGTR). The containment bypass turns this sequence into an indispensable scenario to model when assessing PWR risk. As a result, a significant database on the aerosol behavior in the secondary side of the steam generator (SG) has been developed within the international projects EU-SGTR, ARTIST and ARTIST-2. The role played by the break stage is particularly significant since it might be responsible for a good fraction of the total mass retained and for the shift of the particle size distribution towards smaller diameters. This awoke the interest in the effect of variables such as the particle nature, the breach type (size and shape) and the tubes vibration on the particle retention within the breach stage of a dry steam generator. Those aspects have been experimentally investigated in the first part of this thesis. Two experimental campaigns, CAAT2 and SET, were conducted in order to explore the potential influence of the particle nature on their retention. Moreover, the effect of the breach size and shape has been investigated in the CAAT2 campaign while the SET experiments were devoted to the tube vibration characterization and the effect of the vibration on the particle retention. The tests conducted highlighted several key insights: the strong effect of particle nature in the secondary side capability to scrub the particle-laden gas; the confirmation of the high retention efficiency when using compact particles and the significant one when using agglomerates; the similarities between guillotine and fish-mouth breaches in terms of efficiency, but their noticeable different deposition patterns; and the secondary effect of the breach size. Finally, the tube vibration is not as significant as the particle nature effect on the net deposition. The second part of the thesis is focused on the fraction of particles susceptible of leaving the containment in case of a severe accident regardless of the SGTR sequence. Accidents like Fukushima highlighted the importance of relying on efficient mitigation systems capable of reducing any release to the environment as much as possible. Although many reactors worldwide had installed filtered containment venting systems (FCVS) the interest in FCVS and even other mitigation systems has become of outstanding importance in nuclear safety. This is the frame of the PASSAM project in which an experimental sound database is being built to explore potential enhancement of existing source term mitigation devices and demonstrate the ability of innovative systems to achieve even larger source term attenuation. As a matter of fact, particle agglomeration processes via the propagation of acoustic vibrations through a gas could be applied for a better decontamination. High-intensity acoustic fields applied to an aerosol induce interaction effects among suspended particles, giving rise to successive collisions and agglomerations, resulting in larger particles that can be more easily removed or precipitated. The mitigative system acoustic agglomerator was built-up and tested in the AAA experimental campaign. The tests were conducted under a constant ultrasonic field with aerosols of different nature and size with different gas mass flow rates. The results pointed out two main insights: the small acoustic-agglomeration effect and the key effect of the gas mass flow rate and the aggregation state of the former particles in the agglomeration process. This research is the first approximation on the application of the ultrasonic chamber as an innovative system for the source term mitigation. / [ES] Durante un accidente severo en una central nuclear los productos de fisión liberados como consecuencia de la degradación del combustible podrían llegar a la atmósfera si se pierde la hermeticidad de la contención o si encuentran vías alternativas (bypass) para salir. Dada la radio-toxicidad del término fuente, las centrales nucleares deben contar con medios y medidas técnicas de seguridad para contener estos productos. En un reactor PWR, un caso particular de secuencia accidental donde los productos de fisión tienen acceso directo a la atmósfera, es aquella en el que además de la fusión de núcleo existe rotura de tubos del generador de vapor (secuencia SGTR). En este caso, es de vital importancia la evaluación del riesgo del suceso, objetivo de los proyectos internacionales EU-SGTR, ARTIST y ARTIST-2. Particularmente significativa es la "etapa de rotura" (break stage) del generador de vapor (SG), que es responsable de la retención de una fracción importante de partículas y de la evolución de su distribución a tamaños más pequeños. Estos motivos despertaron el interés hacia la propia retención de las partículas sobre los tubos y el efecto de variables como la naturaleza de la partícula, el tipo de rotura y la vibración de tubos sobre la retención en la etapa de rotura en condiciones secas; aspectos en los que se centra la primera parte de esta tesis. Con el objetivo de estudiar las cuestiones señaladas se han llevado a cabo dos campañas experimentales, CAAT2 y SET, con materiales enmarcados en el posible espectro de los aerosoles nucleares. La primera de ellas se centró en explorar la influencia potencial de la naturaleza de la partícula y el efecto del tipo de rotura de los tubos (forma y tamaño) sobre la retención de aerosoles. La segunda concierne la caracterización de la vibración de los tubos y el estudio de su efecto en la eficiencia de retención de partículas. Las pruebas realizadas resaltan varias ideas clave: el fuerte efecto de la naturaleza de la partícula sobre la retención en el lado secundario del SG; la alta eficiencia de retención cuando las partículas son compactas y la significativa retención cuando están aglomeradas; las pequeñas diferencias en eficiencia neta entre distintos tipos de rotura (guillotina vs. boca de pez) que resultan notables sobre los patrones de deposición, y el efecto secundario del tamaño de la rotura. Finalmente los resultados revelaron que frente a la naturaleza de la partícula, la vibración de tubos juega un papel secundario en la eficiencia de la retención. La segunda parte de este trabajo se centra en la fracción de partículas que es susceptible de alcanzar la contención en caso de accidente severo. Accidentes como el de Fukushima ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de tecnologías capaces de evitar las indeseadas consecuencias de la emisión de material radiactivo al medio ambiente. Esta es la dirección de investigación del proyecto PASSAM (7º Programa Marco de EURATOM) que está construyendo una base de datos experimental para el desarrollo de sistemas innovadores y la mejora de los sistemas de venteo filtrado de la contención que ya existen. Entre estos sistemas se encuentran las cámaras de ultrasonidos donde las ondas acústicas facilitan la aglomeración y el crecimiento de partículas, resultando sistemas potenciales para su mitigación. La campaña experimental AAA ha constituido una primera aproximación para la aplicación de las cámaras de ultrasonidos como sistemas innovadores para la mitigación del término fuente en la contención. El sistema de mitigación de aglomeración acústica (MSAA) se construyó y ha sido probado durante los experimentos AAA. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto el leve efecto del campo acústico sobre el crecimiento de las partículas. Además, tanto el flujo másico de gas portador como la naturaleza de la partícula son claves en el proceso de aglomeración. / [CA] En cas d'accident sever d'una central nuclear els productes de fissió resultants del combustible degradat podrien assolir l'atmosfera si es perd la hermeticitat de la contenció o si troben un camí alternatiu que l'evitin. Donada la naturalesa radio-tòxica dels aerosols nuclears ha d'evitar-se per tots els mitjans que surtin a l'exterior. En un reactor PWR, un cas particular d'accident és en el qual a més de la fusió de nucli existeix trencament de tubs del generador de vapor. En aquest cas, l'alliberament de material radioactiu cap al medi ambient fa que l'escenari sigui indispensable de modelar en l'avaluació del risc d'aquest reactor. Aquesta és la raó dels projectes internacionals EU-SGTR, ARTIST i ARTIST-2, gràcies als quals s'ha construït una extensa base de dades sobre el comportament dels aerosols en el circuit secundari del generador de vapor (Steam Generator, SG). Particularment significativa és l'etapa de trencament, que és responsable de la retenció d'una fracció important de partícules i de modificar la seva distribució cap a les mides més petites. Aquests motius van despertar l'interès vers l'efecte de variables com la naturalesa de la partícula, el tipus de trencament i la vibració de tubs sobre la retenció de partícules sobre els tubs en condicions seques a l'etapa de trencament del SG. Aquests són els aspectes en els quals es centra la primera part d'aquesta tesi. Dues campanyes experimentals, CAAT2 i SET, s'han dut a terme amb diferents materials, tots ells emmarcats dins del possible rang dels aerosols nuclears. La primera d'elles es va centrar a explorar la influència potencial de la naturalesa de la partícula i l'efecte del tipus de trencament (forma i grandària) sobre la retenció d'aerosols en els tubs. La segona va seguir per la caracterització en termes de vibració dels tubs i el seu efecte en l'eficiència de retenció de partícules. Les proves realitzades ressalten diverses idees clau: el fort efecte de la naturalesa de la partícula sobre la retenció en el costat secundari del SG; l'alta eficiència de retenció quan les partícules són compactes i la també significativa retenció quan són aglomerats; les petites diferències en eficiència entre diferents tipus de trencament (guillotina vs. boca de peix), però notables sobre els patrons de deposició, i l'efecte secundari de la grandària de trencament. Finalment van revelar que enfront de la naturalesa de la partícula, la vibració de tubs juga un paper secundari en l'eficiència de retenció del feix de tubs. La segona part d'aquesta tesi es centra en la fracció de partícules que en cas d'accident sever, amb o sense seqüència SGTR, és susceptible d'aconseguir la contenció. Accidents com Fukushima posen de manifest la necessitat de tecnologia capaç de cobrir les indesitjades conseqüències de l'emissió de material radioactiu al medi. Aquesta és la raó del projecte PASSAM (7é Programa Marc d'EURATOM) que està construint una base de dades experimental per al desenvolupament de sistemes innovadors i millorar els sistemes de venteig filtrat que ja existeixen de la contenció. Les ones d'ultrasons faciliten l'aglomeració de partícules i resulten sistemes potencials per a la seva mitigació. S'ha realitzat una primera aproximació per a l'aplicació de les càmeres d'ultrasons com a sistemes innovadors per a la mitigació del terme font en la contenció. El sistema de mitigació d'aglomeració acústica (MSAA) es va construir i ha estat provat durant la campanya experimental AAA. Els experiments duts a terme en la planta PECA-MSAA del LASS. Els resultats obtinguts posen de manifest dues idees: el sistema MSAA és efectiu en la reducció de la massa de partícules i tant el flux màssic de gas portador com la naturalesa de la partícula són claus en l'eficiència de retenció del sistema. / Delgado Tardáguila, R. (2016). Experimental investigations on nuclear aerosols in a severe accident [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63243
189

Cristaux liquides, empreinte pour la préparation de matériaux mésoporeux organisés : application à la synthèse d'oxyde de titane nanocristallin / Liquid crystals, template for the preparation of ordered mesoporous materials : application to the synthesis of nanocrystalline titania

Zimny, Kévin 12 November 2010 (has links)
Ce travail est consacré à la préparation de matériaux mésoporeux à partir de cristaux liquides formés avec des tensioactifs fluorés selon le mécanisme transcriptif LCT. Les paramètres de synthèse ont été optimisés pour la préparation de silices mésostructurées à partir de la phase hexagonale du système eau/C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH. Les résultats montrent une corrélation entre le diamètre des pores des matériaux et les diamètres hydrophobes mesurés dans les cristaux liquides. L'incorporation de TiO2 dans une matrice silicatée selon la méthode de coprécipitation a été réalisée en utilisant soit des micelles (mécanisme d'auto-assemblage coopératif CTM), soit la phase hexagonale du système C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH/eau (mécanisme transcriptif LCT). Dans les deux cas, l'incorporation de titane conduit à une perte de la structure et à une diminution de la surface spécifique. L'utilisation du mécanisme CTM favorise la formation de TiO2 anatase en surface du matériau, tandis que pour le mécanisme LCT, la substitution du silicium par le titane au coeur du matériau a été mise en évidence. Des films minces mésostructurés à base de TiO2 ont été réalisés à partir de la méthode EISA. Les analyses par diffraction des rayons X à incidence rasante couplées à des mesures de réflectivité ont permis de mettre en évidence la structure des films et de déterminer les épaisseurs des couches qui constituent les films. Enfin, une méthode originale de synthèse de matériaux mésoporeux organisés à base de TiO2 a été développée. La précipitation de TiO2 dans la mésophase hybride est déclenchée à l'aide d'un traitement par NH3 (g). La structure des matériaux est conservée après l'étape de calcination laquelle permet de cristalliser TiO2 en phase anatase. L'activité photocatalytique de ces matériaux a ensuite été testée sur la réaction de photodégradation du méthylorange / This work deals with the preparation of mesoporous materials from fluorinated liquid crystals via the LCT mechanism. Synthesis parameters have been optimized for the preparation of ordered mesoporous silica with the hexagonal H1 phase of water/C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH system. Results show a correlation between pore diameters of materials and hydrophobic diameters measured in liquid crystals. According to the coprecipitation method, incorporation of TiO2 in a silica matrix, synthesized using micelles (via the cooperative templating mechanism CTM) or the hexagonal phase of C8F17C2H4(OCH2CH2)9OH/water system (via liquid crystal templating mechanism LCT). Both pathways lead to a loss of mesopore ordering and a decrease of the specific surface area when titania content increases. If materials are prepared via CTM mechanism TiO2 is present on the surface whereas TiO2 is in the bulk when LCT mechanism is used. Mesoporous thin films have been prepared via EISA method. Grazing incidence small angle X-Ray scattering and reflectivity analysis have been used to define the structure of films and the thickness of the different layers. Finally an original method has been developed for the preparation of ordered titania mesoporous materials. Precipitation of titania in the hybrid mesophase is activated by a NH3 treatment. The structure is preserved after calcination step which allow the formation of TiO2 anatase. Photocatalytic activity of these materials has been tested on the photodegradation of methylorange
190

Approche moléculaire par le procédé sol-gel de nanoparticules de TiO2 dopées et/ou fonctionnalisées : applications en imagerie médicale et en catalyse d'oxydation / Molecular approach for the syntesis of doped and/or hybrid titania nanoparticles via a sol gel process : applications in medical imaging and oxidation catalysis

Mendez, Violaine 06 January 2010 (has links)
Un procédé sol-gel développé au laboratoire a été appliqué à des précurseurs hétéroleptiqueset/ou hétérométalliques pour l’élaboration de nouveaux matériaux hybrides et/ou dopés.Des nanoparticules de TiO2 dopées par le gadolinium et l’europium ont été obtenues sous formede nanocristallites d’anatase par ce procédé basse température. Leurs performancesmagnétiques et luminescentes ont été évaluées afin de pouvoir les utiliser comme agents decontraste pour l’imagerie médicale. L’utilisation d’un précurseur hétérométallique ethétéroleptique contenant à la fois du titane, du gadolinium et du PABA a pu conduire à laformation de matériaux dopés et hybrides en une seule étape. L’utilisation future de cesmatériaux dans le domaine biomédical est envisagée.La deuxième partie de ce travail a consisté en l’élaboration de supports hybrides TiO2(citrate) en appliquant le même procédé de co-hydrolyse à un nouvel alcoxyde de titane comportant le ligand citrate. Plusieurs degrés de fonctionnalisation organique de surface ont été obtenus par la modification des quantités relatives des précurseurs de départ. En mettant simplement en présence ces supports avec des solutions aqueuses de sels d’or ou d’argent, les fonctions citrates ont permis la formation de particules métalliques directement à la surface des supports. Ces matériaux M/TiO2 ont été utilisés en tant que catalyseurs dans l’époxydation du transstilbène en phase liquide et ont permis d’améliorer la connaissance des mécanismes de cette réaction aérobie. / A new and relevant sol-gel process has allowed us to prepare new hybrid materials. Titania nanoparticles with lanthanides doping agent (gadolinium and europium) were obtained as anatase nanocrystallites via our low-temperature process. Their magnetic and luminescent properties have been tested in order to use them as contrast agent in medical imaging. A doped and hybrid material has also been obtained and its NH2 groups at the surface will be used in thebio-medical field. The second part of this work has consisted in the preparation of TiO2(citrate) hybrid supports viaa new titanium alkoxide that contains a citrate ligand. Several surface citrate density had been obtained by changing the precursor’s initial relative amounts. Then the simple contact between these hybrid supports and aqueous solutions of silver or gold ions led to the formation of metallic particles directly on the surface support thanks to the presence of the citrate groups, which are known to be reducing agent. These M/TiO2 materials were then tested as catalysts in the aerobic epoxidation of trans-stilbene in the liquid phase. Through this study, we were able to improve our knowledge in this reactionmechanism.

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