La professionnalisation par la démarche de recherche est de plus en plus utilisée par les organismes de formation professionnelle, aussi bien initiale que continue. La présente étude tente d’analyser les composantes et les conditions d’existence d’une telle recherche. En quoi la recherche est-elle professionnalisante et quelles seraient les conditions pour qu’elle le soit. Plusieurs dimensions sont à l’œuvre. La pluralité des formateurs et le déroulement d’un tutorat, la production de savoirs académiques qui ne sont ni théoriques ni d’action, mais en relation avec des représentations nouvelles. Des possibilités offertes par la pratique et, enfin, le passage par une obligation d’écriture scientifique dont les caractéristiques se nichent dans le métissage théorie/pratique des modèles théoriques de santé et du processus d’apprentissage de ceux-ci. L’étude prend comme exemple, l’enseignement des modèles théoriques/pratiques et du processus d’Apprentissage pour la mise en place d’une écriture scientifique en formation initiale des Agents Socio-Sanitaires. La formation professionnelle initiale présentant des caractéristiques plus fragiles face à ce genre de formation compte tenu de sa qualité. / The professionalization by the approach of research is increasingly used by vocational, as well original a organization that continues. This study attempts to analyze the components and the conditions of the existence of such a search. What is research professional and what would be the conditions for it to be. Several dimensions are at work. The plurality of the trainers and the conduct of a tutoring, academic knowledge which are neither theoretical production of action, not in relation to new representations. Opportunities offered by the practice and, finally, passing through an obligation to scientific writing whose characteristics Nestle in the interbreeding theory/practice of theoretical models of health and learning of these processes.The study takes as an example, the teaching of theoretical/practical models and learning process for the establishment of scientific writing in initial training of health staff. Initial vocational training with more fragile characteristics to this sort of training in view of its quality.

Introduction Numerous preventive programmes have emerged, and need to be investigated to determine their effects on the normal population. Earlier studies have shown a decrease in depressive symptoms, positive effects on children’s disruptive behaviour problems, and an improvement in parental competence. About a fifth of the parents in previous studies had problem-oriented (targeted) reasons for enrolment, whereas the rest of the parents had general (universal) reasons. The results of those studies suggest that the programmes are cost effective in terms of Quality-Adjusted Life Years. Aim Four sub-studies were performed, and their aims were to investigate the effect of parental training programmes (PTPs) in a naturalistic setting on parents’ mental health in the general population, to investigate how PTPs affect parents’ sense of parental competence, to investigate how PTPs affect parental stress and analyse the parents open questions about the PTPs, and to investigate the feasibility and to measure the effect on depression, anxiety, and social problems of two preventive school programmes for pupils in grade 7. Method In a longitudinal quantitative study in a real-world setting, 279 parents from the general population in northern Sweden participated in five PTPs. A comparison group of 702 parents without intervention was included. Simultaneously, a community sample of 59 pupils in grade 7 participated in two preventive school programmes. Both studies were conducted from 2010 to 2013. Parents were assigned to professionally supported interventions that included 5-10 two-hour sessions. Respondents filled in a web-based questionnaire with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Parents Sense of Competence (PSOC) for parents who had children aged 0-17 years, and the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) for parents who had children aged 0-10 years. The intervention groups’ results were compared to comparison group of 702 parents from northern Sweden that had not participated in any parental training programme. In the school study, one of the preventive programmes was an ongoing programme called “Life-Skills”, and the other was an implemented Canadian programme called “Choosing Healthy Actions and Thoughts” (CHAT). The pupils completed a test battery including the Sense of Coherence (SOC), the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) instruments. Follow up of the parental programme study was done six months after the post-intervention measure, and follow up of the school study was at one year. Results The improvements in GHQ were statistically significant for the mean of the 279 parents in the intervention group compared to the mean of a comparison group of the 702 parents who did not receive any intervention. This suggests that evidence-based PTPs enhance parental well-being even for parents without problems. The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in parental competence compared to the comparison group over time. The intervention itself had a significant effect on parental satisfaction, but the efficacy effect was not sustained when taking into account potential confounders. In the SPSQ, the intervention group was smaller due to the fact that the instrument was not validated for children over the age of 10 and one of the parental training groups was only for parents of teenagers. A reduction of stress in the sub-scale of health problems was detected, but no other subscale showed the intervention to have a significant effect when controlling for confounding variables. In the school study, both programmes had good feasibility according to the stake- holders and had several positive mental health outcomes over time. Compared to Life-Skills, CHAT had more significant positive effects on reducing anxious/depressive symptoms and girls experienced significant positive effects on reduced anxious/depressive behaviour, while boys reduced their aggressive behaviours. Conclusions Earlier studies indicate that PTPs enhance perceived parental competence among referred parents. The present study shows that PTPs applied in the general population might also enhance perceived parental benefits such as improved health and satisfaction, suggesting that PTPs can be an important preventive strategy to enhance parenthood. The results suggest that parents who feel a need to increase their parenting competence might participate in PTPs based on lower scores than the comparison control group both before and after the intervention. The school-based programme shows that schools may be a suitable arena for preventive programmes because there was a significant short-term improvement in depression symptoms. Further studies need to explore how parents’ participation in PTPs affects children’s mental health in the general population in quantitative longitudinal studies in real-word settings. There is also a need for bigger studies and RCTs on school preventions and on how children’s health develops naturally in the population.

This research is directed at mothers of toddlers in the Frankfort magisterial district. The objective of the study is to determine whether mothers with toddlers display a need for parental guidance. Data have been collected and a theoretical framework has been constructed by means of a literature study and communication with experts. An empirical study has been conducted by involving forty-five mothers (respondents) of toddlers in the Frankfort magisterial district. Scientific and technological knowledge have been acquired by means of applied research. A questionnaire, designed by the researcher, was used to collect data. The following research question was posed: Does a need for parental guidance exist amongst mothers with toddlers in the Frankfort magisterial district? The conclusions and recommendations of the study focus on achieving the objectives and aims. Once the data had been analysed and processed, it became very clear that a need for formal parental guidance does exist amongst mothers in the Frankfort magisterial district. Mothers have indicated a need for additional knowledge and information regarding the cognitive, emotional, social and physical development of their toddlers in order to selfpromote aspects of the development of toddlers. Parental guidance modi are under-utilized, and mothers have expressed that factors such as their geographical location, long distances and the inaccessibility of formal parental guidance, prevent them from utilizing parental guidance. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

A recent Report Card on Physical Activity and Health in South African Children and Youth 2010 states that at least four major factors place young children at risk: tobacco use, poor diet, lack of physical activity and facing weight challenges, this then including being overweight, underweight, obese or stunted for one’s age. One of the areas for action and intervention mentioned in the report card is training of teachers. The aim of this study was to increase knowledge, skill and competence in school teachers (care givers) when dealing with underweight in school children. A training program (train-the-trainer) was designed by the researcher. Under nutrition (underweight) is implicated in more than half of all child deaths worldwide. 25.33% of respondents in this study showed signs of underweight highlighting the importance of such training in schools. Using the above statistical data the research embarked on the development, implementation and evaluation of a training program for care givers on underweight prevalence in children in South African schools. The intervention research model of Thomas and Rothman was used in the design and development of the training program. A descriptive design with a quasi-experiment one group pre-test-post test was used in this study. A non parametric statistical test was utilized as data was measured on an ordinal scale (Wilcoxon signed rank test). The care giver training program was implemented over nine weeks consisting of one and a half hour sessions held once weekly. All Foundation Phase teachers were involved in the training (18 Care Givers). The program was implemented with grade one learners at a traditional primary school in Pretoria with a mixed demography and age groups varying between 6 and 8 years of age. Hundred and fifty learners participated in the pre and post test wherein a non probability sampling method was used. The study found that the training program for care givers had a statistically significant effect on underweight prevalence in young children. FMEA profiling in this study confirmed that enhancing care giver knowledge, skill and competence contributes significantly to the changes experienced in children’s underweight status. BMI levels changed significantly. The percentage underweight children dropped from 25.33% to 15, 33% over time. It is recommended that this intervention program be implemented and facilitated by teachers (care givers) forming part of a multi-disciplinary education approach in many South African schools. AFRIKAANS : ‘n Onlangse verslag getiteld “Report Card on Physical Activity and Health in South African Children and Youth 2010” dui aan dat daar ten minste vier hooffaktore is wat jong kinders se gesondheid aan gesondheidsrisiko’s blootstel. Die faktore sluit in rook, ongesonde eetstyl en dieet, gebrekkige deelname aan fisieke aktiwiteit en gewigsuitdagings. Gewigsuitdagings waarvoor Suid Afrikaanse jeug te staan kom sluit in oorgewigvoorkoms, ondergewigvoorkoms, obesiteit en of groeibeperking (stunting). Een van die areas wat in die verslag as voorkoming vir hierdie gewigsuitdagings voorgestel word is opleiding aan opvoeders. Die doel van die studie was dan om kennis, vaardigheid en bekwaamheidsvlakke in onderwysers te verbeter wanneer hulle met ondergewig kinders in hulle sorg werk te bewerkstellig d.m.v ‘n indiensopleidingsprogram (Train-the–trainer). Tans dra ondergewigvoorkoms by tot meer as die helfte van alle sterftes onder kinders wêrelwyd. In hierdie studie is bevind dat soveel as 25.33% van die kinders in die studie tekens van ondergewig getoon het. Dit beklemtoon die belangrikheid van ‘n opleidingsprogram aan die opvoeders van hierdie kinders. Statistiese data soos hier bo genoem is deur die navorser aangewend in die ontwikkeling, implementering en evaluering van die opleidingsprogram aan opvoeders van ondergewig kinders in die skool. Die intervensie navorsingsmodel van Thomas and Rothman is gebruik in die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van die opleidingsprogram. ‘n Beskrywende ontwerp met kwasi-eksperimente, een groep voortoets-natoets is in die studie gebruik. Nie parametriese statistiese toetsing is aangewend en data is gemeet aan die hand van ‘n ordinale skaal (Wilcoxon signed rank toets). Die opleidingsprogram aan opvoeders is oor ‘n tydperk van nege weke geïmplimenteer. Elke opleidingsessie was een en ‘n half uur lank en een maal per week aangebied. Alle grondsalgfase opvoeders was in die opleiding betrokke (n=18). Die program is getoets op graad een leerders wat skoolgaan in ‘n tradisionele laerskool in Pretoria met ‘n gemengde demografie en ouderdomsgroepe het gewissel tussen ses en agt jaar oud. Een honderd en vyftig leerders het aan die voor en natoetsing deelgeneem en ‘n nie waarskynlike metode van insluiting is gebruik. Die studie het bevind dat die opleidingsprogram aan opvoeders van ondergewig kinders in die skool ‘n beduidende invloed gehad het op die voorkoms van ondergewig. FMEA profiele gedoen in die studie het bevestig dat die verbetering van opvoeder kennis, vaardigheid en bekwaamheidsvlakke beduidend bygedra het tot die verandering in die ondergewig status van die kinders. LMI tellings het gedaal vanaf 25, 33% tot slegs 15, 33% oor verloop van tyd. Die navorser is van mening dat hierdie voorkomingsprogram in werking gestel behoort te word en deur opvoeders in die skool gefasiliteer word; om sodoende deel te word van ‘n multi-dissiplinêre onderwysbenadering in Suid Afrikaanse skole. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

This research concentrates on the developing, implementing, and evaluating of a practical training program for the caregiver of an infant in order to provide in the infant’s primary needs and development. The research problem of quality care for the infant during the time that his mother is working was identified and discussed in chapter 1. Intervention research was used as research methodology. This methodology implies a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. The first part of this research (chapters 2&3) addresses the problem analysis and information gathering linked to the development of a theoretical basis for the intervention model. Infancy as developmental stage is discussed as well as the developmental tasks that the infant must achieve during this phase in order to grow and develop as a self-actualized individual (chapter 2). It is essential for the caregiver to gain knowledge and skills about infancy, the needs and the developmental tasks of this phase. The tasks, roles, and responsibilities of the caregiver were discussed in chapter 3. The second part of this research (chapter 4) is related to the design of the intervention program, the conducting of a pilot test and the refining of the intervention. This in-home care program is theoretically funded, and it is divided practically into the five workdays of the week, in accordance with the five developmental tasks that the infant must achieve in this developmental phase. Ten caregivers willingly participated in this intervention program. In chapter 5, the empirical findings with the development and implementation of the training program for in-home care of an infant are discussed. From the information gathered during the focus groups with the mothers of infants and caregivers as well as the results from the questionnaires from pre-tests and post-tests, the researcher came to the conclusion that the research problem of quality caretaking of an infant for the time his mother is working is addressed. Through internalizing theoretical knowledge and practical skills during the training program, the caregivers are able to care optimally for an infant at home. They are equipped with play techniques and mediums which are adapted within the gestalt approach and supported by relevant aids. The caregiver is able to stimulate the infant’s developmental needs and tasks in this developmental phase. Conclusions and recommendations (chapter 6) of this study are put forward in accordance with the process that was followed in developing and implementing the training program for optimal caretaking of the infant in the safe and familiar environment of his own home. / Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

This study concentrates on the development, implementation and evaluation of a research based training program for intermediaries in South African courts in order to improve the intermediary’s knowledge and understanding of the role and duties of an intermediary. The motivation for this study had its origin in the fact that the adversarial nature of court proceedings is a major stumbling block for the child witness. The research problem, namely that there is no national research based training program for intermediaries in South Africa, was discussed. Intervention research was used as research methodology and a two phase research approach was undertaken. A quantitative survey research design was used during the phases. The research question formulated for the first phase was: What are the duties and role of an intermediary? 54 magistrates and 34 prosecutors who attended four workshops, completed a self-structured questionnaire. This data complemented the literature study and both were used to compile a training program for intermediaries. The quantitative approach was also used for phase two of the study. A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was used. An assessment by means of a questionnaire was done before the training program started and was repeated again after the presentation of the training program to determine the effectiveness of the program The research hypotheses that was formulated was: If an intermediary is trained according to a research-based training program, the intermediary’s knowledge of her role in assisting the child before and during the trial in a South African court will be improved. A five-day training program was implemented. The hypothesis was confirmed after the data had been analyzed and compared to the literature. In chapter two the legal system of South Africa, in respect to the child, was discussed and in chapters three, four and five all aspects of child development were discussed with specific emphasis on the child witness that needs to testify in a separate courtroom. Cognitive development and language development in the context of the child witness were discussed. This information was used to develop a training program. In chapter six the development of a training program was discussed with specific attention being given to outcomes based education. In chapter seven all the data that was collected was quantified, analyzed and interpreted. The conclusion could be drawn that the respondents did show improvement of their skills and knowledge of an intermediary, his/her duties and theoretical knowledge. They also showed that their practical skills had improved by attending the training program. The conclusion could therefore be made that the intermediary training program was successfully implemented and complied with the requirements of an outcomes based training program. The findings obtained indicate that trainers of intermediaries throughout South Africa can successfully apply the developed training program. Conclusions and recommendations (chapter 8) of this study are put forward in accordance with the process that was followed in developing and implementing the training program for intermediaries who are to assist children when testifying in a court. / Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work / unrestricted

Parmi les diagnostics de troubles anxieux auprès de la population ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI), le trouble d’anxiété de séparation figure parmi les plus fréquents. Près de 30 à 50 % des personnes avec une déficience intellectuelle (DI) présentent également un trouble de santé mentale en comorbidité, dont les troubles anxieux. Sachant que la prévalence de la DI est de 1,0 % à 2,6 % de la population du Québec, il semble pertinent d’offrir des services adaptés à leurs besoins particuliers. Pourtant, la grande majorité des recherches portant sur des interventions pour réduire les symptômes anxieux auprès d’une population ayant un trouble neurodéveloppemental, tel que le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), exclut les participants ayant une DI. Pour répondre à ce besoin, ce projet de recherche visait à évaluer l’efficacité d’un programme d’intervention auprès d’un parent d’un enfant âgé de 8 ans ayant une DI et un trouble d’anxiété de séparation. Dans le cadre d’un devis à cas unique de type AB, nous avons mesuré les comportements anxieux tout au long du programme d’intervention mis en place. Les résultats montrent que certains symptômes anxieux ont diminué suivant l’implantation par le parent de stratégies cognitivo-comportementales. D’autres études devront être effectuées afin d’explorer davantage l’efficacité de ce programme. / Among the diagnoses of anxiety disorders in the population with intellectual disabilities (ID), separation anxiety disorder is the most common. About 30 to 50% of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) also have a comorbid mental health problem, including anxiety disorders. Knowing that the prevalence of the disease is from 1.0% to 2.6% of the population of Quebec, it seems relevant to offer services tailored to their specific needs. Yet, the vast majority of research has been done on interventions to reduce the symptoms of the population with a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as the autism spectrum disorder (ASD), excludes participants with an ID. To address this need, this research project was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program with a parent of an 8-year-old child with ID and separation anxiety disorder. As part of a single-case AB type design, we measured anxiety behaviors throughout the intervention program set up. The results show that some anxiety symptoms have decreased following the parent's implementation of cognitive-behavioral strategies. Other studies should be done to explore the effectiveness of the program.

No description available.

Une naissance prématurée vient interrompe le développement normal de plusieurs organes, notamment du cœur et des poumons, occasionnant des altérations structurelles et fonctionnelles des systèmes jusqu’à l’âge adulte. Bien que les bienfaits de la pratique d’activité physique (AP) sur la santé générale et la capacité d’exercice chez la population en santé et la population à risque sont bien connus. Toutefois, aucune étude n’a encore évalué si la population de jeunes adultes nés très prématurément pourrait également bénéficier de ces bienfaits. Le présent mémoire a donc pour objectif d’évaluer la faisabilité et d’estimer l’effet d’une intervention supervisée en exercice de 14 semaines sur la santé cardiorespiratoire et musculaire des jeunes adultes nés très prématurément comparativement à des jeunes adultes nés à terme (contrôles). Les données de cet essai clinique pilote non randomisé ont été recueillies avant, pendant et après l’exercice. La première étude a rapporté que l’intervention en exercice était sécuritaire, appréciée et bien respectée par les jeunes adultes nés très prématurément, mais que le recrutement était difficile, dû au haut niveau d’engagement nécessaire. Cette même étude a également révélé que l’intervention a permis aux jeunes adultes nés très prématurément d’augmenter leur niveau d’AP d’intensité moyenne à élevée. La seconde étude a pu estimer la réponse des femmes ayant complété un nombre suffisant de séances d’entrainement et a révélé qu’elles ont amélioré leur endurance musculaire (pompes et redressements assis) ainsi que leur capacité aérobie. Toutefois, suivant l’intervention, la force et la puissance de leurs membres inférieurs de même que leur ventilation minute durant l’effort sont demeurées moindres que celles des femmes nées à terme. L’intervention par l’exercice est donc faisable et sécuritaire pour des individus nés très prématurément et suggère l’amélioration de certains paramètres cardiorespiratoires et musculaires des femmes nées très prématurément. Ces résultats indiquent le potentiel de l’exercice comme intervention non pharmacologique pour contrer les dommages physiologiques causés par une naissance prématurée. / Premature birth interrupts the normal development of several organs, particularly the heart and lungs, causing structural and functional alterations of the systems in adulthood. Although the benefits of physical activity on general health and exercise capacity in healthy and at-risk populations are well known, no studies have yet evaluated whether the population of young adults born very preterm could also benefit from these effects. The objective of this master’s thesis is therefore to evaluate the feasibility and estimate the effect of a supervised 14-week exercise intervention on the cardiorespiratory and muscular health of young adults born very preterm compared to young adults born at term (controls). Data from this non- randomized pilot trial were collected before, during, and after the exercise intervention. The first study showed that the exercise intervention was safe, valuable, and appreciated by young adults born very preterm, but that recruitment in the program was difficult due to the high level of commitment. The same study also showed that young adults born very preterm increased their moderate-to-high intensity PA levels following the intervention. The second study estimated the response of women who completed a sufficient number of training sessions and revealed that women born very preterm improved their muscular endurance (push-ups and sit-ups) as well as their aerobic capacity. However, following the intervention, their lower limb strength and endurance as well as their minute ventilation during exercise remained lower than women born at term. Exercise intervention is therefore feasible and safe for individuals born very preterm and could lead to improvement of certain cardiorespiratory and muscular parameters in women born very preterm, demonstrating the potential of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to mitigates the effects of premature birth on health.

Seit mehreren Jahren steht die Landesstelle für Bestandserhaltung der Bibliothek des Klosters Marienthal in Ostritz beratend zur Seite. Folgerichtig ergaben sich während und nach dem Hochwasser der Neiße im August 2010 besonders intensive fachliche Kontakte (siehe auch Thomas Bürger; Michael Vogel: Kulturgutschutz und Notfallverbünde. – In: BIS. – 3(2010)4, S. 223 – 224). Zwar war die im ersten Stock gelegene barocke Saalbibliothek nicht unmittelbar von den Fluten betroffen, jedoch waren verschiedene im Erdgeschoss aufbewahrte Objekte durchnässt worden und die sehr ungünstigen raumklimatischen Bedingungen nach der Flut führten auch zu Gefährdungen vor allem durch Schimmel in höher gelegenen Räumen.