Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 192 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-192).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--OGI School of Science & Engineering at OHSU, Sept. 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-154).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Translation in Africa has been studied mostly through the prism of postcolonialism and literary studies. Some scholars have argued that this approach restricts translation studies scholarship on and about the continent. The gist of the postcolonial approach lies in the inherent power relations that exist in the inevitable cross-cultural contact arising from colonialism. Of late, some scholars have suggested that it is time to move beyond the post-colony. It is against such a backdrop that this dissertation broaches the study of translation phenomena in Africa from a developmental perspective. This thesis argues that the postcolonial era is not monolithic and that the African condition has evolved over the years. While it acknowledges the legacy of colonialism with all of its devastating consequences, the study understands the concept of the developmental context to offer the perspective of a continent in charge of its own destiny in contrast to the perspective that sees only a victim. Accordingly, this study seeks to explore translation practices within a developmental context and concentrates on one of the most important development issues: health. In line with global health priorities that now approach health from a preventive rather than a curative perspective, health promotion and communication have become central to the development agenda. This dissertation therefore discusses the historical, political, linguistic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors that inevitably affect translation in public health communication in Zambia and, to a lesser extent, the southern African region. While emphasizing the sociological context of the case study, this research takes translation as a cluster concept and a communicative act in order to investigate how translation is practiced. The research involves a contextual analytic exploration of a few selected health communication products. Drawing on Jakobson’s three types of translation, descriptive translation studies, and functionalist theories, this dissertation brings to light the importance of intersemiotic translation in societies that are anchored in oral culture.

Translation evaluation in the sense of quality assessment emerges as a central issue in the prolific field of translation research. This thesis analyses the criteria of quality used for translation evaluation, particularly in the case of literary translation in the context of English and French. It starts with a survey of the theoretical terminology on which quality assessment is based, namely source, target, equivalence, faithfulness, and also considers other relevant issues like cultural factors and linguistic norms. The second theory-oriented chapter examines in more detail what exactly is assessed in translation, and studies various models of evaluation in order to elicit all the elements which affect the evaluation procedure, The rest of the thesis analyses in detail the criteria of evaluation of the various parties which play a part in the evaluation of translations: publishers, reviewers, academics, translators, and authors. Chapter three considers the priorities of commissioners, particularly publishers of foreign literature. Chapter four is the result of the corpus study of about three hundred book-review articles from the British and French press. Chapter five concentrates on the special case of retranslation and the impact that this phenomenon has on quality assessment. Chapter six adopts an educational approach, and examines the place that translation is given in Moderi. Language Degree examinations in a variety of countries. It then compares different courses available for professional translator training, and considers their assessment procedures. The last chapter is a reflection on how translators see their work as professionals, which leads to the issue of author/translator cooperation. These chapters have, at least, one element in common: they all reveal the criteria of evaluation used for translations. In some cases, the criteria are explicit; in others, presuppositions and prejudices need to be elicited from the material. What this project shows in the end is that evaluating translations is a complex procedure, in which many factors come into play and for which there are conflicts of interest between the different parties concerned. In order to conduct a more comprehensive assessment, it is therefore necessary to consider the 'forces' which come into contact in this communicative exercise.

When translating between any two languages, both linguistic and theoretical considerations must be made in order to create a successful translation. These choices are not made separately, however, but are inextricably linked; linguistic choices inform theoretical choices, and vice versa. A full understanding of both fields is crucial to the translator. The relationship between these two disciplines is considered in outlining a strategy for translating a selection from The Fall of Japanese in the Age of English, a novel by Mizumura Minae. Linguistic issues unique to the Japanese languages are considered along with theoretical issues, which are joined to create a unified translation strategy.

The diploma thesis considers the translation and contrastive analysis of the Czech and German idioms found in the online edition of "Bild" newspaper. First chapter deals with the theoretical background of the phraseology. In the following chapter the idioms are translated and the translations are thoroughly commented. The meaning of each idiom is explained and the idiom is classified according to the degree of similarity with its Czech translation. In the conclusion the results are summarized.

Le système de contrôle appelé dégradation des ARNm non-sens (NMD) permet de détecter puis de dégrader des ARNm contenant un codon de terminaison prématuré (PTC). Les facteurs principaux de la NMD : UPF1, UPF2 et UPF3 reconnaissent les PTCs en interagissant avec les facteurs de terminaison eRF1, eRF3 et la protéine Poly(A) binding (PABP). La reconstitution d’un système de traduction in vitro a permis d’étudier la terminaison de la traduction en présence des facteurs PABP et UPF1, à l’aide de méthodes de biochimie et de cryo-microscopie électronique. L’étude du rôle du facteur de NMD UPF3B dans la terminaison de la traduction a mis en évidence une double action de cette protéine ; tout d’abord, un retardement de la reconnaissance du codon stop et également la promotion de la dissociation du ribosome. Ce travail a également permis de mettre en évidence une nouvelle interaction entre UPF3B et la kinase SMG1-8-9 et de montrer comment cette interaction affecte l’état de phosphorylation de UPF1. Les résultats de cette étude montrent une interaction complexe entre les différents facteurs de NMD et la kinase SMG1. / Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is an important eukaryotic quality control mechanism that recognizes and degrades mRNA containing a premature termination codon (PTC). Up-frameshift proteins constitute the conserved core NMD factors (UPF1, UPF2 and UPF3). They mediate the recognition of a NMD substrate, i.e. a ribosome stalled at a PTC. UPF proteins were shown to associate with eukaryotic release factors (eRF1 and eRF3) and were suggested to impede translation termination. We showed that, at a normal termination codon, Poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) stimulates translation termination by directly interacting with eRF3a. Using a reconstituted in vitro translation system, we studied translation termination in the presence of the factors PABP and UPF1 using biochemistry and single particle electron cryo-microscopy (Cryo-EM). Additionally, we analysed the role of the other NMD factors UPF2 and UPF3B in translation termination in vitro. We discovered a novel role for UPF3B in translation termination. Moreover, we observed a novel interaction between UPF3B and the SMG1-8-9 kinase complex. The presence of UPF3B affects the kinase activity of SMG1 and thus the phosphorylation state of UPF1. Our results highlight a much more complex interplay of the NMD factors with the translation termination machinery and SMG1 kinase than anticipated.

This thesis will serve as a case study on the translation of sociolectal literature, using my translation into English of Acadian author Georgette LeBlanc’s second collection of poetry, Amédé, as a paradigm. Written in the Baie Sainte-Marie Acadian French sociolect, this work represents an interesting example of the difficulties that can arise while translating minority language literature, from both a linguistic and discursive perspective. Broadly speaking, the objective of my analysis will be to explore the relationship between the literary representation of sociolect and the creation of underlying networks of meaning, focusing on both the linguistic and discursive aspects of LeBlanc’s choices in portraying Baie Sainte-Marie Acadian French in order to justify my translation of her work into African Nova Scotian English, also referred to as Africadian English.