This thesis provides a critical edition of the longest extant version of the medieval Irish text Tochmarc Ferbe ('The Wooing of Ferb'), accompanied by translation, textual notes and literary commentary. Tochmarc Ferbe is found in two manuscripts, the Book of Leinster (LL) and Egerton 1782. This comprises three versions of the text: a short prose account in Egerton 1782, and a long prosimetric account in LL, followed in the same manuscript by a poetic account. After a preliminary analysis of the relationship between these three versions, the edited text of the long prosimetric version (LL-prose) is presented, alongside a facing-page translation. Issues arising from the text, in terms of interpretational difficulties, literary features and metrical analysis of the poems, are discussed in the form of textual notes. A particular focus is the prevalence of textual correspondences between Tochmarc Ferbe and other medieval Irish tales, many of which are identified as direct textual borrowings by the author of this text. The thesis concludes with a literary commentary focusing on the role of women in the LL-prose version. It is argued that its depictions of a wide range of female characters challenge traditional assumptions about medieval Irish attitudes towards women, which tend to focus on their supposed passivity and negativity. The portrayals of two female characters are singled out as especially noteworthy. Queen Medb, frequently viewed as the archetypal expression of negative attitudes towards power-wielding women in medieval Irish literature, is shown to receive a positive depiction in this text. Meanwhile, the main female protagonist Ferb is characterised by her use of speech, which dominates the text in a manner almost unparalleled in medieval Irish literature. It is argued that she subverts the usually passive role of lamenter by channelling her grief into an active force, offering an alternative model of positive female action.

Cette thèse analyse les pratiques actuelles de l’enseignement de la traduction dans les universités et les écoles professionnelles en Corée, par comparaison avec la situation en France, à partir d’entretiens, de QCM et de l’observation de cours de traduction. L’objectif est de reconnaître les particularités de la situation en Corée et d’en repérer les principales difficultés. Il apparaît que les facteurs socioculturels coréens, tels que la société autoritaire et collectiviste, induisent des cours centrés sur l’enseignant et la passivité des élèves. Nous découvrons aussi le faible niveau de créativité des étudiants coréens du fait d’un recours systématique à la mémorisation et aux QCM dans le système éducatif coréen. L’évaluation orientée processus et l’évaluation diagnostique font largement défaut tant à l’université qu’à l’école professionnelle de traduction, où l’évaluation est sommative plus que formative. Sous forme d’évaluation microstructurelle, les enseignants coréens pratiquent une évaluation globale et variable qui leur est personnelle, par manque de critères précis et concrets d’évaluation et de barème commun ayant force de directive. L’accent est mis sur les compétences linguistiques et textuelles plus que sur les autres compétences, au constat établi que ce sont celles qui font le plus défaut aux étudiants, aussi bien à l’université qu’à l’école professionnelle. Il y a peu de différences entre les étudiants coréens de l’université et de l’école professionnelle en matière de recherche d’informations. Malgré les difficultés particulières affectant les cours de traduction à l’université, la possibilité existe d’y former à la traduction professionnelle. / This thesis analyzes the translation education currently conducted in Korean universities and other highereducational institutions in comparison with those conducted in France. The data is gathered through three methods: interviews, MCQ (Multiple-Choice Questions), and class observation. The purpose is to pinpoint the characteristics of translation education in Korea and to outline the key issues deriving from these particularities. According to the study, socio-cultural factors in Korean society including hierarchy, collectivism, and the cultural tendency to refrain from classroom discussion in favor of professor-centered teaching methods, have led to students’ passive attitude toward learning. In addition, we found that cramming for exams and permanent MCQ assessment in the Korean education system weaken their students’ creativity. Korean teachers place more emphasis on result-oriented, summative assessment than on process-oriented, diagnostic and formative assessment. In microstructural assessment, teachers rely on subjective criteria due to a lack of concrete and precise assessment rules to serve as grading guidelines. In most cases, translation education is dedicated to enhancing linguistic and textual competencies found most lacking among Korean students. Additionally, in terms of information acquisition skills, there are few differences between Korean students in undergraduate programs and those in higher-education institutions. Despite the difficulties of teaching translation, there are still opportunities for professional translation courses at the university.

The Italian romance epic of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, with its multitude of characters, complex plots, and roots in medieval Carolingian and Arthurian chivalric romances, was a form popular with courtly and urban audiences. In the hands of writers such as Boiardo, Ariosto, and Tasso, works of remarkable sophistication that combined high seriousness and low comedy were created. Their works went on to influence Cervantes, Milton, Ronsard, Shakespeare, and Spenser. In this volume, instructors will find ideas for teaching the Italian Renaissance romance epic along with its adaptations in film, theater, visual art, and music. An extensive resources section locates primary texts online and lists critical studies, anthologies, and reference works.

This essay offers an English translation of Elementos de Musica e Methodo de Tocar Piano Forte (Elements of Music and Method of Playing the Piano-Forte), op. 19, by the Portuguese composer-pianist João Domingos Bomtempo (1775-1842). His method, the first of its kind written by a Portuguese national, was published in 1816 by Clementi & Co. in London. Bomtempo later rewrote his book, expanding its scope, but the second version survives only as an unfinished manuscript. My translation presents both versions of this instructional work in a single text, distinguishing the contents according to the two sources, with the aim of providing a comprehensive view of Bomtempo’s piano pedagogy. This is the first English translation of Bomtempo’s method. A short biography and critical notes regarding philological and musicological matters clarify ambiguities and contextualize this work within its historical period.

La présente thèse a pour objet de définir les éléments qui ont un effet sur la composition des programmes d’études universitaires en traduction professionnelle en Iran et de mesurer le rapport d’impact de chacun de ces éléments sur les programmes. Après une synthèse des travaux publiés sur le savoir et le savoir-faire du traducteur, la thèse présente l’étude d’un corpus composé, d’une part, des contenus de onze programmes de la licence à l’université et, d’autre part, les résultats d’un sondage effectué auprès de formateurs de traducteurs en Iran. L’originalité de la thèse repose sur le rapprochement entre la pédagogie de la traduction professionnelle en Iran et les principes fondateurs de la pédagogie de l’enseignement universitaire de même que la didactique des disciplines. / The aim of this thesis is to define factors which may have an effect on professional translation curricula in Iranian universities and to measure the scope of the effect each element may have on said curricula. Following a synthesis of published works on the knowledge and skill set specific to the professional translator, the thesis presents the study of a corpus based, on the one hand, on the content of eleven undergraduate curricula and, on the other hand, the results of a survey of university-based translator trainers in Iran. The originality of the thesis is founded on the merging of professional translation pedagogy as it is practiced in Iran and the founding principles of university level pedagogy as well as thedidactics of disciplines.

The purpose of this research was to describe technopolitics on a permaculture farm. The literature on technology and technopolitics is beginning to take shape around a series of unanswered questions regarding the role and potential of objects in social life. Using an actor-network theory framework and relying on Callon's (1984) sociology of translation and its principles, I identified the concept of defect and tracked how it was mobilized at Manitoulin Permaculture through participant observation across two summers. The concept of defect incorporated both sociopolitical as well as technological factors. The makers at Manitoulin Permaculture made sense of their choice to defect to a new life at Manitoulin Permaculture. In addition, their technologies, both new and old, became defective, animating their community in new and unforeseen ways.

The main thesis of this study is that the translation of irony from English into Arabic in commentary texts in Australia is not amenable to traditional translation theories. The way Arabic and English speakers employ irony to express themselves reflects the linguistic and cultural distance between both languages. To tackle this problem, the study ventures into a contrastive analysis with reference to a number of linguistic and non-linguistic devices and concepts. It concentrates on the interpretation and the linguistic realisation of irony in both languages by utilising a number of contemporary linguistic models. The research takes the view that ironic devices are the foundation of the structural development of the texts in question. To demonstrate this, the speech act and conversational theories are used. The interaction between the ironic devices and the text development constitute a framework for the overall rhetorical meaning of the text. After an overview of the relevant literature of translation, contrastive analysis and comparative stylistics, an analysis/translation model is devised and implemented. A thorough contrastive analysis is made of English and Arabic commentary texts. Similarities and differences between the Arabic and English texts are found. Discrepancies were observed in the form, function and the number of ironic devices used in both languages. Based on the findings seven general strategies are proposed for the translation of irony in Australian commentary texts from English into Arabic. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis is a re-evaluation of Lin Shu (1852-1924) and his literary translations. Lin Shu is one of China’s most influential translators. He initiated modern literary translation in China, and his translations imported new ideas, literary concepts, styles and techniques from the West. These, in turn, influenced the emergence and development of modern Chinese literature. Nevertheless, Lin Shu and his translations have been belittled and even dismissed for various reasons over the years. The emergence and development of target/culture-oriented translation theories offer the possibility of re-assessing Lin Shu and his translations. The re-assessment of Lin Shu and his translations in this study is based on target/culture-oriented translation theories, which emerged in the 1970s. Target/culture-oriented translation theories focus on the mutual influence between a translation and its target culture, especially on the influence of a translation on the target culture and readers as a criterion for successful translation rather than examining whether the target text is faithful to the source text, as in the traditional linguistic approach. These target/culture-oriented theories can effectively explain the translational phenomenon of Lin Shu, as Lin Shu translated with the needs of the target culture and readers in mind. He attached great importance to the cultural function and influence of his translations during a period of historical transition in China. The criticisms of Lin Shu and his translations in China and elsewhere have largely been negative, often highlighting political issues - his endorsement of the constitutional Qing monarchy and his conservative attitude to the New Culture Movement - as well as his free translation method. Target/culture-oriented translation theories offer a framework for the re-assessment of Lin Shu and his translations that bypasses these narrow approaches. Adopting target/culture-oriented translation theories, this thesis examines Lin Shu’s translations in a trans-cultural context. Lin Shu based his translations on the needs for the Chinese culture and readers of that time, which was clearly embodied in his choice of, and response to, the originals works. The prefaces and postscripts that he wrote for his translations illustrate the new cultural and literary factors that Lin Shu introduced into China. In this respect, Lin Shu’s translation of La Dame aux Camelia is perhaps the most famous case study of his translation method. Through a comparative analysis of the Target Text (TT) and Source Text (ST), the thesis discusses the ‘truthfulness’ of Lin Shu’s translation, and stresses that ‘truthfulness’ lies in seeking poetic equivalence rather than formal equivalence between the target and source texts. We argue that poetic equivalence is similar to Nida’s principle of correspondence, but is beyond his dynamic equivalence. It lays special stress on literary or aesthetic equivalence. Poetic equivalence in Lin Shu’s translations relates to the stylistic expression in China’s literary language and is therefore intrinsic to sinicization. Lin Shu’s skill in classical Chinese is central to our notion of poetic equivalence. However, I argue that Lin Shu’s translation strategy is actually also beyond equivalence. It is primarily embodied in his constant adaptation of the original to the perceived needs of Chinese culture and the acceptability of his translations to Chinese readers. Adaptation includes omission, addition, alteration and abridgment. In terms of target/culture/reader-oriented translation theories, Lin Shu’s adaptations were acceptable in the cultural context of his time. In brief, this study clarifies Lin Shu’s contribution in introducing Western culture and literature into China. The study also stresses the cultural influence of Lin’s translations on modern Chinese culture and on later generation of Chinese writers and translators. This thesis concludes that Lin Shu played a role of utmost importance in the establishment and evolution of early-modern and modern Chinese translation, particularly of modern literary translation in China. Therefore, Lin Shu is the father of modern Chinese literary translation.

<p>This dissertation investigates translation strategies and translation principles in technical translation. Five translation students and 5 professional translators from German-speaking Switzerland and 4 translation students and 6 professional translators from Sweden were asked to think aloud while translating a user guide from French into German and from French into Swedish, respectively. The focus of the analysis was on the strategies that could be observed by comparing the translation products with the source text; and on the principles underlying these strategies as revealed by the think-aloud protocols of the translation processes. In order to evaluate the extent to which the translation products complied with the fictitious translation brief given to the participants, 2 reviewers per language pair proofread the translation products. The analysis also included contrastive analyses of certain linguistic features of technical texts in French-German and French-Swedish. The results show that experience of translation does play a role in the choice of translation strategy. It is, however, an even more important factor with respect to knowing and applying translation principles in the translation process. Also, students more often display uncertainty regarding translation principles, and conflict between the principles verbalised and those actually followed. Language-pair specific differences were mostly found in connection with translation strategies. Comments about future directions include the need for clearer definitions and more systematic manipulations of the variables involved in translation, and the potential interest in investigating the principles governing how translations are revised through the use of think-aloud protocols.</p>

<p>Empati kan beskrivas som en förmåga att veta vad en person känner och tänker. Denna studies huvudsyfte var att översätta C. Daniel Bat-sons empatiskala till svenska. Syftet var även att testa om det fanns skillnader vid perspektivtagande samt skillnader i empati när den and-re är snäll jämfört med elak. Deltagarna var 111 gymnasiestudenter som fick inta ett perspektiv, objektivt eller med inlevelse, och läsa en historia. Resultatet visade att det inte fanns könsskillnad, men det fanns interaktion mellan historia och läsarperspektiv; skillnaden mellan perspektiven fanns när personen var snäll. Det fanns också skillnad i empati beroende vilken historia deltagarna hade läst. Det var lättare att känna empati för en snäll person än för en person som var elak.</p>