Les firmes transnationales, acteurs majeurs de la mondialisation contemporaine de l'économie, intègrent et excluent des territoires à diverses échelles par leurs stratégies de localisation. La connaissance de cette intégration diverse, si elle est bien cernée à l'échelle internationale, reste pourtant très limitée à des échelons urbains, alors que les villes voire les métropoles mondiales sont présentées comme des nœuds majeurs des réseaux mondialisés. La France et les pays de l’OCDE apparaissent certes en position très centrale dans les réseaux que tissent les firmes, mais la connaissance de la place des villes dans les réseaux d'investissement des firmes étrangères demeure très partielle. Cette thèse propose ainsi d'approcher les données conventionnelles d’Investissement Direct Étranger dans le cas français par la mobilisation de données d'entreprises. Une décomposition fine des réseaux de filiation des firmes transnationales a ainsi pu être menée jusqu'à l'échelon des établissements, briques économiques et géographiques de base de ces réseaux transnationaux. La construction d'une base inédite des stocks d'IDE localisés a permis d'apprécier la présence étrangère dans les économies locales de l'ensemble des 355 aires urbaines du système de villes. Ces données révèlent alors, de manière large et systématique, l'intégration différenciée des territoires, entre dépendance et attractivité vis-à-vis des investisseurs étrangers. La mobilisation des lois d'échelle, outil d'analyse majeur dans cette thèse, a conduit à l'identification des facteurs explicatifs majeurs de la diversité d'intégration des villes, qui se traduit à la fois par des inégalités hiérarchiques et régionales. / Transnational corporations, which are amongst the major players in the contemporary global economy, integrate and exclude territories at various scales, due to their specific location strategies. These inequalities are well known at an international scale, yet the knowledge of this diverse integration is much more limited regarding urban levels, although cities and metropolises are considered as being the major nodes of the globalized networks. France and the OECD countries certainly appear in central positions in the networks that characterize these corporations, but observations made at the urban level remain very partial due to the lack of localized data. This thesis suggests to both approach and localize conventional data about Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the French case by mobilizing data about financial links connecting economic units. The detailed breakdown of transnational corporations affiliation networks has been conducted up to the level of the establishments, which are the real individual economic and geographic cells of these transnational networks. An original database about localized inward FDI stocks has been built and explored to appreciate how far foreign transnational corporations integrate the 355 main cities into the French urban system. These data revealed the diverse integration of French cities, between dependence and attractiveness for the investors. The mobilization of scaling laws, which constituted a major analytical tool in this work, allowed us to identify the major factors explaining the diverse integration of French cities into the whole system of cities, reflected both by inequalities of hierarchical and regional order.

Nos anos 1980 e 1990 ocorre a difusão da Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE), a partir do cenário de intensificação da globalização e do poder crescente das empresas transnacionais que pressionam governos para desregular as relações de trabalho e os direitos trabalhistas, exercendo, desta forma, forte pressão sobre as negociações coletivas e o poder dos sindicatos. No Brasil, esse processo de difusão da RSE se intensifica na década de 1990, não por acaso, a década de aprofundamento do ajuste neoliberal em nosso país. Nesse período o discurso da RSE ganha mais publicidade entre as empresas. Também é desse marco temporal as denúncias sobre as violações de direitos em empresas multinacionais que exploravam homens e mulheres, adultos e crianças em condições de trabalho análogas a escravidão. A partir do início dos anos 2000, já próximo do fim mais agudo das políticas neoliberais, ocorrem algumas iniciativas do movimento sindical, especialmente da Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT), para contrapor a visão hegemônica de responsabilidade social difundida pela mídia e pelas empresas. O que se observa no cenário dos últimos 20 anos, é um grande esforço do movimento sindical internacional a partir dos Sindicatos Globais, em contrapor as iniciativas voluntárias e unilaterais das empresas no campo da responsabilidade social, acionando mecanismos de negociação global com as empresas Multinacionais por meio de Acordo Marco Internacionais (AMIs). Esse esforço, porém padece limitações e evidencia as enormes limitações do sindicalismo para construir ferramentas efetivas de ação global. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a difusão da RSE no contexto da globalização, do aprofundamento das políticas neoliberais e do poder crescente das empresas transnacionais e as ações do sindicalismo internacional e brasileiro, com foco na experiência da CUT, para responder ou contrapor a essas ações e discursos das empresas no campo da RSE. / In the 1980s and 1990s, the diffusion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) occurred, based on the scenario of intensification of globalization and the growing power of transnational companies that pressure governments to deregulate labor relations and labor rights and exerting pressure on collective bargaining and about the power of the unions. In Brazil this CSR diffusion process intensifies in the 1990s, not coincidentally, the decade of deepening of neoliberal adjustment in our country. In this period the discourse of CSR gained more publicity among companies. It is also this timeframe the complaints arising from social movements and social networks on multinational companies exploiting rights violations that adult men and women and children and working conditions analogous to slavery. From the early 2000s, as close to the sharper end of neoliberal policies place some initiatives of the trade union movement, especially the CUT, to counter the hegemonic vision of social responsibility diffused by media and by companies. What is observed in the scenario of the last 20 years, is a great effort of the international trade union movement from the Global Unions Federations (GUFs) in countering voluntary and unilateral initiatives of the multinational companies in the field of corporate social responsibility, triggering global negotiation mechanisms with multinational companies by through International Framework Agreement (IFAs). This effort, however, suffers limitations and highlights the enormous limitations of trade unionism build effective tools for global action. The objective of this study is to analyze the spread of CSR in the context of globalization, the deepening of neoliberal policies and the growing power of transnational corporations and the actions of the international and brazilian labor movement, especially the CUT, to respond or counter to these actions and speeches of the corporations in the field of CSR.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-06-05T20:16:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo Basilio Vailatti.pdf: 863975 bytes, checksum: 947c7629db2523c3071e6b1b98b27484 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T20:16:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo Basilio Vailatti.pdf: 863975 bytes, checksum: 947c7629db2523c3071e6b1b98b27484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-19 / This paper focuses on the analysis of the regulatory system of Transnational Corporations. Therefore, the research is divided into three chapters. The first chapter checks the expansion of the human rights system, which resulted in the supremacy of Constitutional Law and Human Rights. The second chapter examines how the State is essential to act to regulate the economy, in particular in relation to transnational corporations. The third chapter, drawing on the assumptions outlined in the previous chapters, seeks to indicate the regulatory system performance of Transnational Corporations by the thread of Constitutional Law and Human Rights. As for the research techniques, the paper uses the literature and document analysis. In relation to the methods, the work draws on the hypothetical-deductive method. / O presente trabalho centra-se na análise do sistema regulatório das Empresas Transnacionais. Para tanto, a pesquisa é dividida em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo verifica a expansão do sistema de proteção humana, o qual resultou na supremacia do Direito Constitucional e dos Direitos Humanos. Já o segundo capítulo analisa o quanto o Estado é primordial para atuar como regular da Economia, em especial em relação às Empresas Transnacionais. Já o terceiro capítulo, valendo-se das premissas traçadas nos capítulos anteriores, procura indicar o sistema regulatório de atuação das Empresas Transnacionais pelo fio condutor do Direito Constitucional e dos Direitos Humanos. Quanto às técnicas de pesquisa, o trabalho utiliza da análise bibliográfica e documental. Já em relação aos métodos, o trabalho vale-se do método hipotético-dedutivo.

Aucune instance spécifique n’existe sur le plan international pour les litiges civils impliquant la violation par les sociétés transnationales (ci après, STN) des normes de droits humains. Les tribunaux nationaux représentent l’instance compétente afin d’entendre ces causes de droit international privé. Cependant, les tribunaux originaires des STN manifestent leur réticence à exercer leur compétence, alors que les États où sont commises les violations souffrent parfois d’un important déficit de gouvernance. Les victimes se retrouvent ainsi fréquemment sans forum adéquat où adresser leur requête pour les dommages subis. L’objectif du mémoire est de rechercher puis d’élaborer différents arguments afin de faire évoluer l’interprétation de la compétence des tribunaux québécois actuellement préconisée dans le cadre de deux jurisprudences phares en matière d’activité des STN à l’étranger, soit Association canadienne contre l’impunité (ACCI) c. Anvil Mining Ltd., et Recherches Internationales Québec c. Cambior Inc. Le premier chapitre porte sur les règles fondant la compétence des autorités québécoises et les principes les sous-tendant. Notre deuxième chapitre se consacrera à la recherche d’arguments au sein de la jurisprudence étrangère. Notre troisième chapitre présentera les arguments de nature politique, sociale, éthique et théorique rencontrés dans le domaine du droit global. Nous verrons alors plusieurs propositions théoriques afin de mieux appréhender les problèmes liés au vide juridictionnel dont souffrent les victimes demanderesses. Cet éclairage théorique contribuera à justifier l’apport du droit international privé dans le contrôle du respect par les STN des normes de droits humains. / Internationally, there is no specific forum to institute civil proceedings involving the violation of human rights by a transnational corporation (hereafter, « TNC »). Therefore, national courts remain the appropriate legal venue for hearing private international legal causes. However, home state courts are reluctant to recognize and exercise their competence in this type of litigation, whereas host state forum often lack effective governance. Victims are therefore often left with no adequate forum where their request for damages can be addressed. The purpose of this thesis is to research and elaborate different arguments that may change the currently preferred interpretation concerning the competence of Québec courts based on two landmark rulings on the activity of TCNs in foreign countries: Canadian Association Against Impunity (CAAI) v. Anvil Mining Ltd., and Recherches Internationales Québec v. Cambior Inc. In the first chapter, the rules that form the basis of the competence of the Québec authorities will be described, as well as the principles underpinning them. The second chapter is devoted to a search for arguments within the body of foreign case law. The third chapter presents the theoretical arguments found in the field of global law. Several theoretical propositions will be examined in order to further explore the problems associated with the lack of jurisdiction affecting the victims of human rights violations by TNCs. This theoretical contribution will also serve to justify the role of private international law in obliging TNCs to respect human rights standards.

This thesis aims to provide a framework for analyzing the moral responsibilities of global agents in what I call the Global Health Crisis (GHC), with special attention devoted to the moral responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies. The main contribution of this thesis is to provide a general account of the moral responsibilities of different global players, mapping the different kinds of duties they have, their content and force, and their relation to the responsibilities of other relevant actors in the GHC. I also apply this account to current debates surrounding the need for reforms to the international legal rules addressing the GHC, notably the TRIPs regime. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the allocation of responsibilities for the GHC among different global players, such as state and non-state actors, the latter including pharmaceutical companies. In order to investigate the allocation of duties, I will first analyze the object of such allocation which constitutes the object of the current GHC (Part A); then the agents responsible for addressing this crisis (Part B); and finally, existing institutional alternatives to reform the international legal rules addressing the GHC, such as the TRIPs regime (Part C).

This thesis introduces issues of globalization in the context of work (not only employment) and education. Further, it follows up the impacts of globalization processes on forms of work and on (working) individuals. The topic of globalization is examined in more detail in the first part of the thesis with emphasis on different concepts and approaches to globalization. At the same time this part defines the contemporary globalization. Work as such is introduced by historical excursion and by a list of changes of work in modern society. There are also presented some of the experts' solutions or recommendations for the labour markets including solutions through long-life education and learning. In most cases the "pros and cons" of changes of work and the submitted solutions are confronted. Main findings of this study are: globalization brings contradictory conclusions which provide advantages and disadvantages to various people and groups; there is a link between globalized economy and working individuals; and at the same time that the link between globalization processes and education is in such a sense that changes in education are often derived from the ideas of economics.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2011-04-18T18:50:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Cristóvão.pdf: 697342 bytes, checksum: 1dbf44abc1758f0d50059d2c82dd2ad9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2011-04-18T18:50:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Cristóvão.pdf: 697342 bytes, checksum: 1dbf44abc1758f0d50059d2c82dd2ad9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-28T12:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Cristóvão.pdf: 697342 bytes, checksum: 1dbf44abc1758f0d50059d2c82dd2ad9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-15 / The general objective of the thesis is to analyze the incentives that transnational corporations have to internationalize its operations; in addition it has as specific objectives to describe the environment in which Brazilian transnational corporations execute their process of international expansion and to identify the policy and governmental agencies that support Brazilian direct investment. To achieve that, the thesis takes into account the emergence of transnational corporations in the international environment, presenting the favorable points of this process for both the corporations and the states, approaching this theoretical matter for the specific case of Brazil. Sequentially, we analyze the external sector of Brazil as well as the rationale behind its transnational corporations and the policy of the Brazilian state. Finally, a multicases qualitative analysis is done regarding the incentives which transnational corporations have to expand its operations internationally. / O objetivo geral desta dissertação é analisar os incentivos encontrados pelas transnacionais brasileiras para internacionalizar suas operações, além de ter como objetivos específicos descrever o ambiente em que as transnacionais brasileiras realizam seus processos de expansão internacional e identificar as políticas públicas e agências governamentais de apoio ao investimento direto brasileiro. Para tal, a dissertação leva em consideração a emergência das transnacionais no ambiente internacional, colocando pontos favoráveis deste processo tanto para empresas quanto para estados, trazendo este aspecto teórico para o caso específico do Brasil. Analisamos então o setor externo do país, bem como a lógica por trás de suas transnacionais e das políticas públicas por parte do estado brasileiro. Por último, é feita uma análise qualitativa multicasos acerca dos incentivos encontrados pelas transnacionais brasileiras para expandir suas operações internacionalmente.

Magister Legum - LLM

Natural disasters are uniquely transformative events. They can drastically transform physical terrain and the lives of those unfortunate enough to be caught in their wrath. However, natural disasters also provide an opportunity to reflect on past failures and, at times, a clean slate to correct those shortcomings. This project takes a political economic approach and recognizes natural disasters as occasions for agenda-setting on behalf of transnational commercial enterprises and market-oriented policy elites. These reformers often use the post-disaster policy space to articulate long-term development strategies based on market fundamentalism, and, more importantly, advance a set of policies consistent with their particular interests. This dissertation delves into that process and identifies the actors, their preferences and the policy outcomes. Using the business conflict model alongside changing transnational processes, this project identifies and traces post-disaster policy making in the Caribbean Basin. It also explores and provides a more nuanced explanation of its effect upon and within certain socioeconomic groups. What becomes apparent is that natural disasters are opportunities to first fracture national economies and then integrate them into transnational processes of capital accumulation. Given that economic viability is increasingly determined by assimilation into the global production processes, reformers in both developed and developing countries use disasters as occasions for re-orienting national economies towards this end. It is within this distorted integrative process that disaster capitalism is located.

Addressing complex global health challenges, including the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), will require change in sectors outside of traditional public health. Contemporary regional trade and investment agreements (RTAs) like the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) continue to move further ‘behind-the-border’ into domestic policy space introducing new challenges in the regulation of health risk factors. This dissertation aimed to clarify the pathways through which RTAs influence NCDs, and to explore points along those pathways with the intent of improving the existing evidence base and supporting policy development. This work develops a critical theoretical framework exploring the ideas, institutions, and interests behind trade and investment policy; it also develops a conceptual framework specifying how trade and investment treaty provisions influence NCD rates through the effects of trade and investment on tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and beverage products, as well as access to medicines and the social determinants of health. Using health impact assessment methodology, three analytical components were designed to examine pathways of influence from RTAs to health outcomes as mediated by the interests of transnational corporations (TNCs). The first component explored the influence of industry during the TPP negotiations and how its health-related interests were reflected in the final TPP text. The second component examined the role of trade and investment liberalisation in health-harmful commodity markets, finding a rise in TNC sales after a period of liberalisation. The third component demonstrated how investor rights and investor-state dispute can challenge the state’s right to regulate if it damages the profits of TNCs, which may threaten effective health regulation, and provides opportunities to strengthen the right to regulate. The work in this dissertation provides support for the thesis that trade and investment policies are a fundamental structural determinant of health and well-being, which are highly influenced by TNCs that guide such policies in the interest of maximising their profits and protections, often to the detriment of public policy and population health. This work identifies the need for more robust health impact assessments of RTAs before future agreements are ratified, as well as an imperative to challenge vested interests that entrench neoliberal policy preferences that have hindered sustainable and equitable development.