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Med anledning av det förändrade säkerhetspolitiska läget i Sverige arbetar flera myndigheter, på uppdrag av regeringen med att förbättra samhällets beredskap på flera olika sätt. Ett sätt att säkerställa att de aktörer som blir involverade vid någon typ av kris är förberedda är att låta dem träna i simulerade miljöer. Denna studie hade som uppgift att specificera räddningstjänstens roller, uppgifter och verktyg för att sedan kunna utveckla en modul för träningsverktyget Emergo Train SystemÒsom tillåter utökade träningsmöjligheter för räddningstjänstpersonal, enskilt eller i samverkan med övriga blåljusaktörer. Detta gjordes genom att samla in information från fokusgrupper med räddningstjänsten och sedan analysera detta med hjälp av hierarkiska uppgiftsanalyser. Resultatet är tabeller som specificerar roller, hierarkiska uppgiftsanalyser som beskriver räddningstjänstens uppgifter samt tabelluppgiftsanalyser som specificerar dessa i kombination med verktyg. Resultatet kan användas av ETS för att skapa symboler och simuleringsövningar för räddningstjänsten där deras prestation kan mätas såväl som utvecklas. / Due to the changed security policy situation in Sweden, several authorities work on behalf of the government to improve society's preparedness in several different ways. One way to ensure that the actors involved in any kind of crisis are prepared is to let them train in simulated environments. The aim of this study was to specify the roles, tasks and tools of the emergency services to develop a module for the Emergo Train SystemÒtraining tool, which allows for increased training opportunities for emergency staff, individually or in collaboration with other first responders. This was done by collecting information from focus groups with the rescue service and then analyzing it with hierarchical task analyzes. The result is tables that specify roles, hierarchical task analyzes that describe the tasks of rescue services and tabular data analyzes that specify these in combination with tools. The result can be used by ETS to create symbols and simulation exercises for the emergency services where their performance can be measured as well as developed.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de s'intéresser à l'impact de la dégradation du signal de parole sur le traitement et les représentations du langage. Le signal peut être dégradé de façon transitoire (i.e., parole dans le bruit, Axe 1) ou permanente (Axe 2). L'Axe 1 étudie l'impact de la présence de bruit sur le traitement sémantique au niveau du mot isolé et dans un contexte phrastique. Deux études ont permis de mettre en évidence que lorsque le signal de parole est masqué, le traitement sémantique est moins efficace, voire disparait. A la lumière de l'Effortfulness Hypothesis nous suggérons que le traitement sémantique n'est pas automatique mais dépendant de ressources cognitives. Lorsque le signal de parole est dégradé ces ressources cognitives sont allouées aux traitements linguistiques de bas niveau, les traitements de haut niveau comme le traitement sémantique sont donc moins efficaces. L'Axe 2 évalue les liens entre la dégradation permanente du signal de parole du fait d'un manque de maturité des traitements auditifs centraux ou à un Trouble du Traitement Auditif (TTA) et les représentations langagières. Deux études se sont intéressées au développement des traitements auditifs et à la présence de TTA au sein d'une population d'adultes dyslexiques. Les résultats ont mis en évidence que les traitements auditifs centraux continuent leur maturation durant l'adolescence. La dernière étude a permis de mettre en évidence chez la population dyslexique des difficultés dans les tests impliquant des traitements spectral et temporel. Ces compétences sont apparues liées au sein de cette population aux représentations phonologiques. L'ensemble des résultats suggèrent que la dégradation du signal de parole a différents effets sur le langage selon sa nature. Ainsi, lorsqu'elle est transitoire elle impacte sa compréhension en dépit d'une intelligibilité préservée. Une dégradation transitoire impacte la compréhension malgré l'intelligibilité, la dégradation permanente impacte les représentations différemment selon la population / This thesis aims at investigating the effect of speech degradation on language processing and representation. Speech signal can be degraded temporary (i.e., speech in noise) or continually, when central auditory processes are deficient. Experimental work was therefore based on two main axes. The first one got interested in the effect of noise on semantic processing, despite preserved intelligibility. Two studies showed that semantic processing is less efficient when speech is presented in noisy condition. In light of the Effortfulness Hypothesis, we suggest that semantic processing relies on cognitive resources. When signal is degraded these resources are reallocated to low level processes and therefore few are left available to perform higher level processes. Axe 2 aims at evaluating links between continuous speech degradation because of immaturity of central auditory processes or Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) and language representation. Two studies investigated the effect of auditory processing development on language on a children population (6-11 years old) and the effect of APD on language representation in an adult dyslexic population. Both populations were evaluated using the BECAC (Donnadieu et al. 2014). This battery aims at evaluating central auditory processes using non-verbal material so that auditory performances can be related to language competences. Results evidenced that central auditory processes mature until adulthood, and at some point in development (8-9 years old) are linked to language representation. Results of the last study showed that dyslexic adults are impaired in tests involving spectral and temporal processes; in addition these abilities are related with phonological awareness. Altogether, these results indicate that speech degradation has distinct effects on language depending on its nature. Therefore when temporary, speech degradation impacts its comprehension despite intelligibility. When continuous, speech degradation’s impact evolves during development and disappears in normal adults. However, it stays for dyslexics

This dissertation presents the results of research towards a new computer architectural approach for the construction of digital signal processors. The new approach is based on a transport triggered architecture (TTA) and allows for a dataflow processing mode. The proposed architecture has beed called TAD (Transport triggered Architecture with Dataflow-extension). The designed machine is able to execute limited dataflow-graphs using a single assembly instruction. The size of the dataflow-graph is limited by the number of available execution units and communication resources. To undertake the research a cycle-correct simulator of the proposed microarchitecture has been designed. Benchmark results of the new microarchitecture were obtained by executing typical DSP-programs on the simulator. The properties of the new architecture and the variants of its parameters are discussed in the text. i Performance data is given on a per-cycle basis. A demonstration machine for the TAD has been synthesized for a 0.35um CMOS-technology. Data for area and maximum clock frequency of the design have been extracted from the routed chip design. / Diese Arbeit stellt die Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen über eine neue Architekturvariante für digitale Signalverarbeitungsprozessoren mit transportgesteuerter Architektur (TTA) vor. Die dazu entworfene Maschine erlaubt es, endliche Datenflussgraphen auf einen einzelnen Maschinenbefehl abzubilden. Die maximale Größe der abbildbaren Datenflussgraphen ist dabei durch die Anzahl gleichzeitig verfügbarer Verarbeitungseinheiten und Kommunikationsresourcen beschränkt. Die Untersuchungen dazu wurden mit einem taktgenauen Mikroarchitektursimulator durchgeführt. Die Daten zur Verarbeitungsleistung der Maschine wurden durch das Ausführen von Lastprogrammen auf diesem Simulator gewonnen. Der Aufbau und die Eigenschaften der durch den Simulator realisierten Mikroarchitektur und einige von dieser Implementation abweichende Varianten werden erläutert. Da sich Angaben zur Anzahl der Verarbeitungszyklen nicht vergleichen lassen, ohne dass Informationen zur maximal erreichbaren Taktfrequenz der Implementation vorliegen, wurde die vorgeschlagene Mikroarchitektur als integrierter Schaltkreis synthetisiert, um Informationen zu Flächenbedarf und Laufzeit zu gewinnen. Aus den Entwurfsdaten für den integrierten Schaltkreis wurden die Verdrahtungs-Kapazitäten extrahiert und daraus die Information zur maximalen Taktfrequenz gewonnen.

Det har blivit mer och mer vanligt med ny, datoriserad teknik i hemmen. Fler människor har ett allt stressigare liv och inte längre samma tid att ta hand om det egna hemmet. Behovet av en hjälpande hand med hushållsarbete har blivit allt större. Tänk själv att komma hem från jobbet eller skolan och så har golvet blivit skinande rent utan att Ni knappt har behövt göra någonting! Det finns idag flera olika robotar på marknaden för detta ändamål. En av dessa är den autonoma dammsugaren, som är det vi inriktat vår uppsats på. I huvudsak är uppsatsen inriktad på mjukvaran, som kan användas i en autonom dammsugare. Vi har valt att titta närmare på två stycken sökalgoritmer, som kan användas av autonoma mobila robotar, exempelvis en autonom dammsugare, som har i uppdrag att täcka en hel obekant yta. Dessa algoritmer är Spanning Tree Covering (STC) och ”A Topological Coverage Algorithm”, också kallad ”Landmark-based World Model” (fritt översatt till Topologisk Täckande Algoritm, TTA). Vi har också undersökt hur ett av Sveriges största märken på marknaden för autonoma dammsugare, nämligen Electrolux Trilobite ZA1, klarar sig i test. Vi har även analyserat testet med Trilobiten och jämfört detta med antaget beteende hos Trilobiten ifall den hade varit implementerad med sökalgoritmerna STC eller TTA. Hur fungerar sökalgoritmerna? Hur kan en autonom dammsugare hitta på en hel obekant yta? Hur beter sig Electrolux Trilobite ZA1? Täcker de alla en obekant yta? Är de effektiva?

Magister Educationis - MEd / Teachers and teachers' organisations have always been an intergral part of any community. More so in the Indian Community. The Indian teacher has always commanded great respect from his community and thus he has wielded considerable influence over it. Since the early days of Indian immigration to this country, the Indian teacher has played a vital role in all but political activities. In very recent times, however, he has taken a lively interest in the political aspirations of his people within the framework permitted by his conditions of service. The Indian Teacher is a member of the largest group of highly educated men and women in his community. No wonder, then, that the community has always looked to teachers and their organisations for leadership. The establishment of the Natal Indian Teachers' Society in the 1920s arose out of a community need in that a reception committee was required for holding celebrations on the occasion of the visit of the Prince of Wales to South Africa. From then on the Natal Indian Teachers' Society continued to make representations on behalf of its members and the community for a a better deal in education. This was not always forthcoming from the authorities. Hence, the teachers and the community banded together to provide and build schools for themselves out of the monetary contributions of teachers and parents. The Natal Education Department in its biased treatment of teachers in aided schools, who it claimed were the responsibility of the grantees and managers, led teachers to form the Natal Teachers' Union which was run on trade union lines. A vigorous fight was waged by this Union for service conditions equal to those of teachers in government schools. The Education Department relented when it recognised the rights of the members of the Union. Thus the Union disbanded and its members rejoined the Natal Indian Teachers' Society. Thereafter the Natal Indian Teachers' Society grew from strength to strength. The inauguration of the branch system gave rise to broader representation and rapid growth. The formation of the Natal Indian Schools' Building Trust saw tangible evidence of of the commitment of the Society towards solving the accommodation crisis in Indian Schools. Upon the transfer of control of education to the Department of Indian Affairs in 1966, The Natal Indian Teachers' Society changed its name to the South African Indian Teachers' Association in order to enable Indian teachers throughout the Republic to become members. In 1979 the Association changed its name to the Teachers Association of South Africa, thus dropping the racial tag attached to its previous name. This meant that membership was open to all teachers. Over the twenty years of its existence as a national body the Association has developed into a vigorous institution. Its growth in stature must be measured by its multifarious activities which have benefitted Indian education. As a result of its representation in various departmental committees the Association is able to make valuable contributions where its opinions are valued. The Association's own Subject Societies make a valuable contribution towards education by means of their various publications. The Association's concern for the welfare of its members is illustrated by the representations it has made to the authorities on their behalf. In some instances legal recourse was necessary. That a great deal of success has been achieved by the Association there is no doubt. That education for Indians has made vast strides in the last 60 years there is no about. This is due in great measure to the untiring efforts of the Teachers Association of South Africa. The Association will still continue its fight for a better deal, not only for Indian teachers and Indian education, but for all South Africans.