Pour Merleau-Ponty, l’exigence de repenser la rationalité contemporaine au-delà du dualisme de sujet et objet implique et s’entrelace avec la question du regard, conçu non pas en tant que point d’où se produit une vision du monde, mais comme événement dans lequel le sujet et le monde naissent l’un à l’autre dans un seul mouvement de co-naissance. Le visible alors, et notamment ce type particulier de visible qu’est l’image, est compris comme le point où il en va de la rationalité et de l’Être, en même temps qu’il est pensé dans sa dimension historique, en vertu de son apparition phénoménale et située, mais aussi en tant qu’il implique un revers d’invisibilité ou horizon de latence. Ainsi, le voir est réintégré dans ce corps, dont les yeux voient, et le rapport entre corps et image est compris dans sa trame historique et processuelle, incluant les mutations anthropologiques et épistémiques qui sont à l’œuvre dans notre rapport au monde visible, Merleau-Ponty lui-même n’hésitant pas à faire appel aux médias et aux arts visuels pour poursuivre la formulation d’un tel rapport sur le plan philosophique. En comprenant le sujet comme un voyant qui n’est pas simplement dans le visible, mais en est, le philosophe en vient à formuler une réversibilité de la vision et une co-implication de sens et sensible, riches de conséquences pour une compréhension du régime scopique contemporain, et convergeant avec les instances propres du tournant iconique ou pictural ayant investi la pensée de l’image, tant dans le domaine anglo-saxon que dans le contexte européen.C’est donc à partir de ces éléments qu’il est possible de formuler une pensée du visuel de Merleau-Ponty, qu’on cherchera à caractériser par le biais de certains noyaux décisifs – image, œuvre, médium, technique, haptique – et notamment à travers la référence au cinéma et à la notion d’écran, tantôt dans la tentative d’en reconstruire le développement, par rapport aux sources et aux différentes phases de la réflexion merleau-pontienne, tantôt dans la tentative d’en cerner l’impact généré au sein d’autres champs scientifiques, ainsi que d’en mettre en lumière l’intérêt pour toute pensée qui se propose d’interroger l’image et le visuel aujourd’hui. / Merleau-Ponty’s later thought is primarily concerned with a new conception of visibility, of what the philosopher calls a “generality of the Sensible”, originating both the “reversibility” of the body, its capacity to be both sentient and sensible, and an intentionality of the visible itself. What is at stake in thinking of the seer as being enveloped in the visible, as being of it, within the visible, is an “ontological rehabilitation of the sensible”, which is particularly rich and brings along consequences for an understanding of our contemporary scopic regime, and especially of the ontological status of images and screens in our visual experience. Merleau-Ponty thinks of the visible world not simply as an object, but as the pivot for a new conception of rationality and Being, one that seeks to rearticulate the ontological relationship between the self and the world beyond all forms of dualism. Accordingly, the visible is taken into account in its historicity, as long as it is phenomenal and situated in its appearance, but also as it always implies a constitutive invisibility or a certain latency and virtuality. Vision is conceived as a historical and processual phenomenon, including anthropological and epistemic mutations being afoot in our contact with the visible world, inscribed in human forms of expression and particularly artistic creation, which is one of the cores of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophical work. It is then with regard to such aspects that it is possible to refer to a philosophy of the “visual” in Merleau-Ponty, which I will try to characterize, by focusing on some fundamental pivotal points, such as image, medium, technique, work of art, haptic. I will make special reference to the reflection on cinema and the notion of “screen”, in the attempt of both retracing the elaboration of such issues, in relation to sources and different phases of Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy, and appreciating the interest that his thought has generated in other scientific fields related to visual.

La circulation des normes juridiques est un phénomène étudié par un courant international de recherche nommé policy transfer 
studies qui s'intéresse néanmoins peu aux normes pénales. Pourtant, les processus de globalisation ont rendu la circulation de ces normes plus rapide, plus intense et plus complexe durant les dernières décennies. A partir de trois études de cas, notre travail montre comment la circulation des normes pénales est largement influencée par l’harmonisation européenne, par la diffusion de l’idéologie néolibérale ayant accompagné un tournant punitif dans les politiques criminelles de la plupart des pays européens ainsi que par l’émergence de crimes transnationaux qui exigent des solutions similaires. Nous caractérisons les limites de ces convergences et les analysons dans plusieurs cadres théoriques empruntés à la sociologie de la déviance afin de comprendre ce qu'elles impliquent pour ceux qui veulent comprendre le processus législatif au niveau national / The circulation of legal norms is a phenomenon studied by an international research current named policy transfer studies which has however little interest in criminal norms. Nevertheless, during the last several decades, the globalization processes have made the circulation of these norms faster, more intense and more complex. Based on three case studies, our work shows how the circulation of criminal norms is widely influenced by European harmonization processes, by the diffusion of the neoliberal ideology that accompanied a punitive turn in the criminal policies of most European countries and by the emergence of transnational crimes that require similar solutions. We will characterize the limits of these convergences and analyze them in several theoretical frameworks borrowed from the sociology of deviance in order to understand their implications for those who want to grasp the legislative process on the national level

Nous présentons dans cette thèse un modèle pour la coordination de la parole dans des interactions dyadiques utilisateur-agent. Selon une approche courante, coordonner la parole reviendrait à éviter les recouvrements de parole et à minimiser les moments de silence entre deux tours, ceci pour rendre plus fluide l’interaction avec l’agent et améliorer l’expérience de l’utilisateur en interaction dialogique avec l’agent. Les interactions humaines montrent néanmoins une coordination plus complexe avec des recouvrements de parole compétitifs ou non compétitifs et des moments de silences longs. Selon notre approche, c’est en permettant cette diversité des situations que nous verrons émerger, entre l’utilisateur et l’agent, une interaction plus fluide et plus crédible, améliorant l’expérience de l’utilisateur avec l’agent. Les échanges de paroles sont néanmoins, par nature, complexes, la coordination se faisant par l’interaction entre locuteur et auditeur plus que par un participant en particulier. Pour capturer cette complexité, nous avons élaboré un modèle mettant l’accent sur une coordination de la parole basée sur un couplage sensorimoteur continu. Sur la base de ce couplage sensorimoteur, le comportement de l’agent n’est pas entièrement contrôlé par ce dernier, mais est émergent de l’interaction entre les participants. Nous montrons la capacité de notre modèle à faire émerger les différentes situations liées à la coordination de la parole humaine à la fois dans une interaction entre deux agents et dans une interaction utilisateur-agent. / In this thesis, we present a model for the coordination of speaking turns in dyadic interactions between users and agents. According to a common view, to coordinate turns means avoiding overlaps and reduces silences between turns. By optimizing turn transitions between users and agents, the user’s experience is expected to be improved. However, observations of human conversations show a more complex coordination of speaking turns between users and agents: awkward silences and overlaps, competitive or not, are common. In order to improve the credibility and the naturalness of the interaction, we must observe the same variability of situations in a user-agent interaction. Nevertheless, coordination of speaking turns is, by nature, complex, the coordination is managed by the interaction between participants more than controlled by one participant alone. To capture this complexity, we elaborated a model emphasizing the continuous sensory-motor coupling existing between the user and the agent. As a result of this sensory-motor coupling, the behavior of the agent is not entirely controlled by the agent but is an emergent property of the interaction between the user and the agent. We show the capacity of our model to make emerge the different situations linked to the coordination of speaking turns in interactions between two agents and between one user and one agent.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de concevoir un système impliquant un feedback tactile facilitant l’organisation du tour de parole dans le contexte de la communication verbale à distance et à plusieurs. Ces situations impliquant des technologies numériques sont actuellement décrites comme étant des "conferences call". Elles relèvent également du Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) lorsqu'elles impliquent une tâche collaborative. Curieusement, ces situations n'ont été l'objet que de très peu d'études en dépit des problèmes qu'elles suscitent et l'évolution de ces technologies s'est faite au profit d'un enrichissement par la vidéo. Cette thèse propose une autre forme d'enrichissement par un retour tactile permettant de dépasser l'une des principales difficultés de la communication verbale à distance à savoir le contrôle du tour de parole. Deux modalités de cet enrichissement ont été étudiés : la redondance et la substitution. Comme redondance avec le feedback visuel, nous avons fait l'hypothèse que la modalité tactile favorise l'alternance du tour de parole et augmente l'expression d'intentions non verbales à l'image des situations de face à face. Comme substitution au visuel, l'hypothèse a été de poser que le tactile produit un avantage en cela qu'il fluidifie le tour de parole. Le système conçu dans cette recherche montre, au moyen de trois expériences, que l'échange verbal à distance et sa distribution dans le cadre d'une tâche de prise de décision collective peut être efficient avec un enrichissement tactile et donner lieu à une auto-régulation du tour de parole. / Our thesis aim was to design a system based on tactile modality to organize a synchronous, multi-user remote verbal communication to facilitate better turn-taking. The remote communication we studied is actually called the ‘conference call’, and relies on computer technology. A conference call is a form of CSCW, and it is thus a collaborative task. As conference calls have rarely been studied in previous research, a system designed to optimize this kind of work is of great value. Tactile modality is the basic element of the design and its impact is also studied in our thesis. As a modality of redundancy, tactile feedback accelerates the alternation of turn-taking. Moreover, it augments the intention of non-verbal exchanges, which accounts for most of the communication in face-to-face situations. As a modality of substitution, tactile modality shows a distinct advantage in making the turn-taking transfer smoother compared to visual modality. Finally, a conference call for a decision-making task under a simple turn-taking allocation system based on tactile modality provides evidence that this designed system’s controlled conference call has good efficiency and good distribution of the talking length of turn-taking.

Le développement d’avions plus électriques se traduit par une plus grande utilisation d'actionneurs électriques qui remplacent des systèmes hydrauliques et pneumatiques existants ou répondent à de nouveaux besoins. La distribution de l'énergie à bord est basée sur un réseau continu 540V connecté à des convertisseurs électroniques de puissance. Les composants électroniques de puissance à grands gaps (SiC, GaN) améliorent les performances des convertisseurs mais les fronts de tension très raides sont imposés aux bobinages des actionneurs électriques. Chaque front excite un régime transitoire comportant une surtension importante et donc des champs électriques intenses dans l’isolation inter-spires des bobines. Lorsque cette contrainte électrique répétitive dépasse le seuil d'apparition des décharges partielles (PDIV), la durée de vie des couches organiques qui isolent les spires est fortement réduite. L'étude détaillée des décharges partielles (DP) dans l'espace qui sépare les fils émaillés des bobinages permet de situer les zones dans lesquelles les DP se produisent. Elle montre que le thermocollage, avec des surépaisseurs adaptées de thermocolle, permet d'élever le PDIV au-delà des pointes répétitives de tension pour les actionneurs qui fonctionnent dans les parties pressurisées des avions. Des solutions ordonnées de bobinages ont été expérimentées sur des bobines cylindriques imprégnées. Cette analyse montre que l'imprégnation augmente légèrement le PDIV de l'isolation inter-spires dans des proportions qui ne correspondent pas totalement aux caractéristiques intrinsèques du vernis utilisé. Par conséquent, les bobines imprégnées doivent être conçues sur la base des performances de l'isolation primaire du fil émaillé. L’arrangement des spires dans une bobine ordonnée permet de répartir les contraintes et donc de concevoir des bobines qui résistent aux pointes de tension répétitives imposées par l'onduleur aux basses pressions correspondant aux zones non pressurisées d'un avion en vol. Un modèle, basé sur un schéma équivalent HF prenant en considération les deux premières résonances des bobines élémentaires, permet d'analyser la répartition des contraintes entre les bobines connectées en série d'une phase. / The More Electric Aircraft development is reflected by a bigger use of the electrical actuators, which replace the hydraulic or pneumatic system existing or they can also answer to new needs. The energy distribution on board is based on a high voltage continuous bus of 540V connected to electrical power converter. The electric power wide band gap components (SiC, GaN) improve the converters performances but very steep of voltage edge is imposed on the windings of the electric actuators. Each edge excites a transitory regime including an important surge which corresponds to intense electric fields in the inter-turns insulation of coils. When this repetitive electrical constraint exceeds the partial discharges inception voltage (PDIV), the life time of the organic layer between the turns is strongly reduced. The detailed study of the partial discharges (PD) in the area which separate the enamel wire of the windings allows to locate the area where the PD appears. The use of thermo-bonding, with a bonding thickness adapted, allows to raise PDIV beyond the repetitive edge of voltage for the actuators which work in the pressurized parts of the planes. The orderly windings solutions were tested on impregnated cylindrical coils. This analysis shows that the impregnation increases slightly the PDIV from the inter-turns insulation in proportions that do not totally correspond to the intrinsic characteristics of the used varnish. Therefore, the impregnated coils must be conceived on the basis of the primary insulation performance of the enamelled wire. The turn’s arrangement in an orderly coil allows to distribute the constraints and so to conceive the windings which can resist the compulsory repetitive of voltage spikes by the inverter in low pressures corresponding to not pressurized zones in a plane during the flight. A model, based on HF equivalent schema taking in consideration the first two resonances of the elementary coils, allows to analyse the constraints distribution between the coils connected in series of a machine phase.

The main subject of thesis The Role of Culture in the Process of Regeneration of Post-industrial City is to introduce the theoretical concept of regeneration of former industrial cities through culture and evaluate the impact of culture on the regeneration of post-industrial city. The first part is aimed at general issues of culture in regional development and attractiveness of the city, there are mentioned basic concepts related to the issue and defined trends in the development and regeneration of post-industrial cities through culture. The second part is aimed at the process of transformation of the city of Ostrava and contains an analysis of the current situation in the city. The City of Ostrava has prepared a strategic document presenting the revival of city through culture as a factor of improving its external image, but also a source of regional identity and the cultivation of the community. Empirical verification of the contribution of current policies to the regeneration and development of Ostrava city through culture is conducted through a questionnaire survey. The results show that the citizens of the city noticed visible changes towards the improving the quality of life in a city, however, if the city intends to continue in its successful strategy of regeneration, emphasis should be placed on citizen participation, their feedback and utilization of previously completed cultural investments should be improved by connection of existing cultural infrastructure.

The thesis Phenomenology and Economics is an account of methodological possibilities brought by the phenomenological method into the realm of economic thought. From the starting point of Misesian praxeology the thesis advances to the key contributions of Alfred Schütz whose concept of telescopic ideal type enables us to cross the gap between theory and history. Telescopic ideal type allows us to grasp the specific nature of economics that is, on the one hand, proud of its rigor and precision connected with the formal modelling and on the other hand deals with an interpretation of individual agents in their life-world. Methodological insights developed through this analysis are then applied to the problem of coordination and spontaneous order and to the question of the relationship between behavioral economics and rational choice theory.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2018-01-08T17:39:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Raul_Diegues_Serva_Neto.pdf: 1093625 bytes, checksum: 60b2dba33a3e0f4aaa9b2d6c194c5957 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-08T17:39:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raul_Diegues_Serva_Neto.pdf: 1093625 bytes, checksum: 60b2dba33a3e0f4aaa9b2d6c194c5957 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / The purpose of this study was to identify, throughout the historicity of the interpretative practices, evaluation criteria for a legal decision analysis, using ADPF 187 (marijuana gait) as the application criterion for the elaborated construction. The starting question was: what makes it possible to make relevant statements about the Law? It was observed as the dissertation hypothesis, if the judicial decision presents transgressions of validity allowing for an interpretative discretion, then it may reveal a greater propensity to be an activist. In order to answer the initial question, the study was based on the following methodology: from the contribution of the hermeneutical turn in the approach to the analysis of the ADPF 187 decision, which makes it an activist legal decision; from the Heideggerian phenomenological method, by developing a three-step approach: (1) the phenomenological reduction, which promotes the shift from the perspective of the being towards the being; 2) the deconstruction of traditional concepts, which promotes masks in phenomena; 3) and construction, which shows itself as an appropriation of what has been forgotten, in which the access to the being is sequenced and the definition of its modes of being from the being. After the development of the methodology, the development of the Dworkin aesthetic hypothesis was elaborated from the Schools of Legal Hermeneutics, in which, throughout the historicity of this discussion, the first criterion resided in the will of the legislator, although this is a body disempowered; the will of the law is also not enough, because the law has no will, and it can be attributed to it; the legally protected interest can be considered a criterion of validity, which depends more on the conflicting reading of Law than on Law itself; normativism assigns either a policy decision or a recognition rule the interpretation validity, which, in a way, seeks outside the Law a criterion of validity for interpretations, or because it resides within a metaphysically conceived frame based on a hypothetical norm, or based on the recognition of all; finally, the dependence on the recognition of a legal proposal by the courts was added. None of these validity criteria is conceived from the Law itself, they generally attribute the validity of interpretations to facts. Next, the view is taken that the contributions on the Law validity unfold in the debate on the interpretative positions of the constitutional courts. Such an appeal is made for the purpose of avoiding moral or political correctness of the law. It discusses the multiple concepts of judicial activism, considering it as a contested and highly controversial concept, and then analyzes the assumptions of such concepts. Therefore, a study of the validity of the reading assumptions that support the comprehension of the validity of the reading of freedom of expression in its instrumental or constitutive bias was sought, based on the study of ADPF 187 (marijuana march) decision. This theoretical research constituted a critique of uncritical legal interpretation. He presented as a means of showing the forgetfulness of being-thus, the means of knowing the foundation and meaning of this being-thus. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, ao longo da historicidade das práticas interpretativas, critérios de avaliação para análise de uma decisão jurídica, utilizando como critério de aplicação da construção elaborada a ADPF 187 (marcha da maconha). A pergunta de partida foi: o que torna possível realizar afirmações relevantes sobre o Direito? Observou-se como hipótese da dissertação, se a decisão judicial apresenta transgressões de validade possibilitadoras de uma discricionariedade interpretativa, então ela pode revelar uma maior propensão de ser ativista. Para responder a pergunta de partida, o estudo valeu-se da seguinte metodologia: a partir do contributo do giro hermenêutico na abordagem da análise da decisão da ADPF 187, o que faz ser uma decisão jurídica ativista; a partir do método fenomenológico Heideggeriano, desenvolvendo-se uma abordagem em três passos, sendo: 1) a redução fenomenológica, que promove o deslocamento da perspectiva do ente em direção ao ser; 2) a desconstrução dos conceitos tradicionais, que promove encobrimentos nos fenômenos; 3) e a construção, que se mostra como uma apropriação do que ficou esquecido, em que se sequencia o acesso ao ser e a definição dos seus modos de ser a partir do ente. Após o desenvolvimento da metodologia, elaborou-se, a partir das Escolas de Hermenêutica Jurídica, o desenvolvimento da hipótese estética de Dworkin, na qual, ao longo da historicidade desta discussão, o primeiro critério residiu na vontade do legislador, embora seja este um ente despersonificado; a vontade da lei também não é suficiente, pois a lei não tem vontade, podendo-se atribuir vontades a ela; o interesse juridicamente protegido pode ser considerado um critério de validade, que mais depende da leitura conflitiva do Direito do que propriamente no Direito; o normativismo atribui ora a uma decisão de política ou a uma regra de reconhecimento a validade de uma interpretação, o que, de certa forma, busca fora do Direito um critério de validade para interpretações, ora porque reside dentro de uma moldura metafisicamente concebida baseada em uma norma hipotética, ora com base no reconhecimento de todos; acrescentou-se por último a dependência do reconhecimento de uma proposição jurídica pelos tribunais. Nenhum desses critérios de validade é concebido a partir do próprio Direito, geralmente atribuem a fatos a validade das interpretações. Em seguida, defende-se o ponto de vista de que os contributos sobre a validade do direito desdobram-se no debate sobre as posturas interpretativas das cortes constitucionais. Tal apelo é feito com a finalidade de evitar a correção moral ou política do direito. Discutem-se os múltiplos conceitos sobre ativismo judicial, considerando-o como um conceito contestado e altamente controverso, e logo se analisam os pressupostos de tais conceitos. Para tanto, se buscou, a partir do estudo da decisão da ADPF 187 (marcha da maconha), realizar um estudo da validade dos pressupostos de leitura que sustentam a compreensão da validade da leitura da liberdade de expressão em seu viés instrumental ou constitutivo. Esta pesquisa de base teórica constituiu uma crítica à interpretação jurídica acrítica. Apresentou como meio de mostrar o esquecimento do ser-assim, o meio de conhecer o fundamento e o sentido deste ser-assim.

In every setting of human space there is hierarchy. At home there are parents and children while in social structures there are organisations/institutions and leaders, all of whom carry their positions with them. All these hierarchies are embedded in a web of mutual relations, but to a greater extent, power relations as others abuse their positions while some are subjugated and controlled. This study critically analyses talk exchanges in power relations within topic development. It draws its analytical viewpoint from twelve selected IsiZulu drama books with an aim of demonstrating power relations as embedded in language and literature in particular. The following are some of the elements of the discussion that highlight talk exchanges and power relations, namely, maxim of conversation, interruptions and interjections, dominance and control, power of language and turntaking, to name a few. To analyse data, written conversations are clustered based on themes as expounded by (Vaismoradi, et al, 2016:101). Themes were then analysed using the conditions of agreement (similar cases) and differences within the scope of Analytical Comparisons. As the findings, the study revealed that talk exchanges are elements of power relations in topic development. Further, the findings also contributed to the understanding that power abuse has beeninstitutionalised along the line of institutions, race, gender and age. The findings further highlight that most drama books have themes that share method of agreement and lesser of the condition of difference. The study further highlights that written texts of human engagement keep records of social cohesion and cohabitation. Furthermore, if such coexistence is discorded by power (dominance and control), resistance interjects. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (Language, Linguistics and Literature)

The aim of this paper is to use a cultural-hermeneutic methodology to investigate how meaning is constructed in a contemporary social situation (co-culturally) and to suggest the Christian concept incurvatus in se as a critical theological resource (counter-culturally). Central to this account is how to think theologically in a secular situation. It could also be understood as a habermasian translation of a christian experience of the human problem as curved into themselves (homo incurvatus in se) into a existential language for a (possibly) universal experience. I liken this curvedness to the pervasive individualism of today’s society and argue that meaning-making based on the idea of individual freedom can lead to a lack of meaning and existential emptiness.  To arrive at a discussion of incurvatus in se as a theologically critical resource for the study of existential emptiness, I analyze film, parenting and worship to get an idea of what a meaning-making process can look like in these examples. The result of this analysis suggests that by viewing these activities as something that points beyond themselves, rather than something that only reflects the subjective, they can play a meaning-making role.  In light of this result and the interpretation of the situation, I propose a concept of humans as homo incurvatus in se as contrast to an idealization of individual freedom and selfrealization. Overall, this study develops a excurvatus ex se approach that is constituted by conscious and critical meaning-making and argues further that a modified understanding of the human problem as curved into themselves can serve as an incentive, or even a primus motor, to seek meaning outside the subjective in a responsible way.