The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of school governing bodies (SGBs) regarding their overall mandate in the Free State Province. The governance mandate, as stated in the South African Schools Act, requires the SGB to ―promote the best interests of the school and strive to ensure its development through the provision of quality education for all learners at the school‖. An in-depth literature review on governance and international and intercontinental practices revealed the school governance mandate as meaning that the SGB must provide the school with a strategic direction; act as critical friend to the school; and hold the school to account. These roles essentially describe the school governance mandate. To this end, a questionnaire was used to determine how effective SGBs executed this mandate in the Free State Province, with a population of principals, SGB chairpersons, educator- governors and non-teaching staff-governors. Results obtained through computing frequency analyses, rank orders, Pearson‘s correlation, ANOVA and the Tukey HSD tests of respondents‘ perceptions of governance effectiveness items and dimensions indicated that there were statistically different perceptions regarding how effective SGB were and that these were of significant and practical effect. This meant that the effectiveness of SGBs regarding their overall mandate was indeterminate and that SGB did well in some areas of governance and not too well in others. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the structural composition of SGBs was limited SGBs‘ effectiveness regarding their governance mandate. Therefore, the main recommendation is that the SGBs need to be restructured. The recommended Two-Tier Approach to school governance proposes a structure consisting of the executive tier: responsible for policy formulation and implementation, which is a strategic-accountability role; and the non-executive tier: responsible for scrutiny-accountability, which entails the roles of acting as a critical friend and holding the school to account.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of school governing bodies (SGBs) regarding their overall mandate in the Free State Province. The governance mandate, as stated in the South African Schools Act, requires the SGB to ―promote the best interests of the school and strive to ensure its development through the provision of quality education for all learners at the school‖. An in-depth literature review on governance and international and intercontinental practices revealed the school governance mandate as meaning that the SGB must provide the school with a strategic direction; act as critical friend to the school; and hold the school to account. These roles essentially describe the school governance mandate. To this end, a questionnaire was used to determine how effective SGBs executed this mandate in the Free State Province, with a population of principals, SGB chairpersons, educator- governors and non-teaching staff-governors. Results obtained through computing frequency analyses, rank orders, Pearson‘s correlation, ANOVA and the Tukey HSD tests of respondents‘ perceptions of governance effectiveness items and dimensions indicated that there were statistically different perceptions regarding how effective SGB were and that these were of significant and practical effect. This meant that the effectiveness of SGBs regarding their overall mandate was indeterminate and that SGB did well in some areas of governance and not too well in others. The conclusion drawn from the study was that the structural composition of SGBs was limited SGBs‘ effectiveness regarding their governance mandate. Therefore, the main recommendation is that the SGBs need to be restructured. The recommended Two-Tier Approach to school governance proposes a structure consisting of the executive tier: responsible for policy formulation and implementation, which is a strategic-accountability role; and the non-executive tier: responsible for scrutiny-accountability, which entails the roles of acting as a critical friend and holding the school to account.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio de Souza-parte 3.pdf: 1162841 bytes, checksum: d44cc88611613dc74399cdab13d98afa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-14 / The Brazilian urbanization process is characterized by the fast development of few centers. The establishment of metropolitan areas is considered the identity of urbanization process. The context of verticality can be defined as the urban soil multiplication through the construction of several vertical pavements, which characterizes metropolis identity. When following on the Campinas urban development, you can observe the coexistence of several architectonics elements from different times, testimony of its diverse development phases. The Campinas verticality process starts on the modernity and industrialization wake up period under the implementation prospect of Plano de Melhoramentos Urbanos of Prestes Maia urbanist (1934 1964). This paper is constituted of a survey and study of the city s vertical typologies, projected during the first period of the verticality process (constructions code of 1934 validity), correlating them to the edifying legislation as well as the urbanistics events of that time, with the aim of following on the evolution of vertical buildings, by chronological sequence of municipality approvals, looking for establishing an organized framework of the process, from genesis to December of 1951, when occurred the approval of 640 Law. The purpose of this research was to produce a material that could help the comprehension of Campinas verticality, as well as its organization and, illustrate the history of significantly part of the city architectonic production, therefore, contributing to its memory. / O processo de urbaniza??o brasileiro se caracteriza pelo desenvolvimento acelerado de poucos centros e a metropoliza??o ? considerada a identidade deste processo. Nesse contexto a verticaliza??o, que pode ser definida como a multiplica??o do solo urbano a partir da constru??o vertical de muitos pavimentos, caracteriza-se por ser a identidade do processo de metropoliza??o. Ao se acompanhar o desenvolvimento urbano de Campinas, observa-se a coexist?ncia de diferentes elementos arquitet?nicos de diferentes ?pocas, testemunho das diversas fases de seu desenvolvimento. O processo de verticaliza??o campineiro inicia-se no per?odo do despertar da modernidade e da industrializa??o sob o panorama da implementa??o do Plano de Melhoramentos Urbanos do urbanista Prestes Maia (1934 1964). Neste trabalho foi realizado o levantamento e estudo de todas as tipologias verticais da cidade, projetadas durante o primeiro per?odo do processo de verticaliza??o (vig?ncia do c?digo de constru??es de 1934), correlacionando-as ? legisla??o edificante, bem como aos eventos urban?sticos da ?poca, com a finalidade de acompanhar a evolu??o dos edif?cios verticais, em seq??ncia cronol?gica de aprova??o pela municipalidade, buscando estabelecer um quadro organizado do processo, da g?nese at? dezembro de 1951, quando ocorreu a aprova??o da Lei 640. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi a produ??o de material que possa auxiliar a compreens?o da verticaliza??o campineira, bem como de sua organiza??o, ilustrando o hist?rico de parte significativa da produ??o arquitet?nica da cidade, e, portanto, da sua mem?ria.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-01T20:55:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 01.pdf: 467061 bytes, checksum: 568a6d926d07aeeb32c7c2d7594432f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T20:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01.pdf: 467061 bytes, checksum: 568a6d926d07aeeb32c7c2d7594432f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo geral compreender a adaptação organizacional das empresas associadas às redes de cooperação com base nas tipologias estratégicas de Miles e Snow. Para responder ao problema de pesquisa, bem como aos objetivos específicos da proposta de trabalho, houve a definição pela abordagem qualitativa exploratória com análise de conteúdo comparativa entre duas redes de cooperação. A coleta de dados sucedeu através das entrevistas entregues a todos as 17 empresas associadas a duas redes de cooperação no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as duas redes de cooperação pesquisadas adotam como adaptação organizacional a tipologia reativa, seguida da tipologia analista, sendo em menor frequência para a adaptação organizacional prospectora e defensiva. Com os dados obtidos, conclui-se que as empresas associadas às redes de cooperação analisadas possuem uma tendência em manter-se sem uma estratégia definida e principalmente, adaptando-se às outras três estratégias, dependendo do mercado, das questões políticas e da atuação dos concorrentes em relação ao mercado, produtos e serviços. / The main objective of this dissertation is to understand the organizational adaptation of the companies, associated to the cooperation networks, based on the strategic typologies of Miles and Snow. In order to answer the problem of this study, as well as its specific objectives, we chose an exploratory and qualitative approach, in which was applied a content analyzes to compared the two cooperation networks.Data were collected through interviews, applied to 17 companies, associated to two cooperation networks in Rio Grande do Sul State. Thus, we observed that the two cooperation networks use, as an organizational adaptation, the reactive, analyst and prospective typologies, but the defensive and prospective were not frequently applied. We concluded that the companies, associated to the cooperation networks analyzed, do not maintain a defined strategy, particularly, adaptingthemselves to the other three strategies, considering the market, political issues and the behavior of the competitors related to market, products and services.

L’objectif principal de la thèse était de comprendre le rôle complexe des facteurs nutritionnels dans l’asthme, avec une première partie portant sur l’alimentation et une seconde sur l’obésité. Alimentation – L’objectif était de comparer les typologies alimentaires obtenues par une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) à celles identifiées par une analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) grâce aux données de l’étude E3N (étude épidémiologique auprès des femmes de la MGEN, 30589 femmes). En utilisant les ACP et les AFC, 3 typologies alimentaires ont été identifiées. Selon la méthode, des corrélations différentes étaient observées entre les typologies alimentaires et les groupes d’aliments, conduisant à des associations différentes avec les caractéristiques socio-économiques et l’incidence de l’asthme chez l’adulte. Obésité – Le premier objectif était de comprendre les rôles conjoints et indépendants, dépendants du temps, de l’activité physique et l’obésité sur l’asthme en utilisant des modèles marginaux structuraux chez 15352 femmes d’E3N. L’obésité était liée de façon causale à l’asthme actuel avec symptômes, indépendamment de l’activité physique. Le second objectif était de considérer le rôle modificateur du surpoids dans l’association entre l’exposition domestique aux sprays de nettoyage et l’asthme chez 304 femmes d’E3N. Parmi les femmes sans traitement anti-inflammatoire, le rôle délétère de l’utilisation de sprays sur l’asthme était plus fort chez les femmes en surpoids. L’AFC devrait être utilisée pour l’identification des typologies alimentaires en épidémiologie nutritionnelle. L’obésité pourrait causer de l’asthme indépendamment de l’activité physique, et pourrait augmenter l’effet délétère d’autres facteurs environnementaux de l’asthme. / The general aim of the thesis was to assess the complex role of nutritional factors in asthma, with a first part focused on diet, and a second part focused on obesity. Diet – The objective was to compare dietary patterns based on principal component analysis (PCA) to patterns based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The analysis was performed among 30,589 women from the E3N study (epidemiological cohort study among women of the Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale). Whether PCA or CFA was used, 3 patterns were derived. For each pattern, we reported different correlations between food groups and dietary patterns when using PCA or CFA, leading to different associations between dietary patterns with socio-economic characteristics and adult-onset asthma. Obesity – The first objective was to assess the joint and independent, time-dependent, roles of physical activity and obesity on asthma using marginal structural models. Among 15,352 women from E3N, analyses showed that obesity was related causally to current asthma with symptoms independently of physical activity, whereas no association was reported for physical activity. The second objective was to assess the modifying role of overweight in the association between domestic exposure to cleaning sprays and current asthma. Among 304 women from E3N, analysis showed that among women without anti-inflammatory therapy, the effect of spray use on asthma was higher in overweight women. CFA should be considered for the assessment of dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology. Obesity may lead to asthma independently of physical activity, and may increase the deleterious effect of other environmental factors of asthma.

A la charnière de deux disciplines, (philosophie et traductologie), ce travail se propose d’explorer les enjeux de la traduction des œuvres philosophiques, et d’en illustrer la portée sur un corpus de textes de Descartes (Discours de la Méthode, Méditations métaphysiques avec Objections et Réponses) et de Pascal (Pensées) dans leurs traductions en espagnol. Notre travail est structuré en trois parties. Dans un premier temps, nous nous proposons d’analyser les enjeux typologiques (spécificité intrinsèque de cette modalité traductive face notamment à la traduction littéraire, d’une part, et à la traduction des textes pragmatiques, techniques ou scientifiques, de l’autre), textuels (caractéristiques discursives du style et des genres philosophiques) et « logosophiques » (problématique de la prétendue « philosophicité » de certaines langues, comme le grec ou allemand, au détriment d’autres, comme l’espagnol). Ensuite, nous entreprenons une première approche du projet traductif en analysant tour à tour le contexte éditorial, le positionnement du traducteur en amont de l’entreprise traductive et les différentes étapes du processus de traduction, afin de dégager les notions opératoires permettant de procéder à l’analyse du corpus. Enfin, la troisième partie s’efforce d’illustrer les problématiques abordées, suivant trois axes étude i) du contexte d’énonciation (enjeux de la diachronie, dimension intertextuelle, espace retraductif), ii) de la place fondamentale que joue le concept dans la traduction philosophique (analyse en parallèle des concepts cartésiens en français et en espagnol) et iii) des enjeux de l’argumentation (choix de la langue, contraintes génériques, rôle du style). / This interdisciplinary study aims at exploring the philosophical and traductological issues involved in the translation of philosophical works. These will be illustrated by a corpus-based analysis focusing on several texts by Descartes (Discours de la Méthode, Méditations métaphysiques avec Objections et Réponses) and Pascal (Pensées) and their translation into Spanish. The study is carried out in three steps. The first step (part 1) deals with the typological issues (analysing the specificity of this particular translation practice as oppossed to literary and technical/pragmatical/scientific translation), the textual issues (the discursive characteristics of philosophical styles and genres) and the “logosophical” issues (i.e. why certain languages, like Greek or German, are supposed to be more “philosophical” than others, e.g. Spanish). The second step (part 2) is a first approach to the translation project itself, exploring the editorial context, the translator’s positioning thereto and the different phases in the translation, in order to find out the main operative concepts to be applied to the corpus’ analysis. Finally, the third step focuses on the illustration of the issues addressed, alongside three lines of study: i) the enunciation context (diachronical issues, intertextuality, retranslation), ii) the crucial role of concepts in philosophical translation (the paralel analysis of Cartesian concepts in French and Spanish) and iii) argumentative issues (choice of language, genre limitations, style issues).

The purpose of this study was to examine specific parenting practices in four East Tennessee counties to determine their relationships, if any, to student achievement among various demographic groups. The investigation included status variables, such as parents' educational level, annual income level, and family structure. Students' Normal Curve Equivalent scores on the Terra Nova Standardized Test were used to measure student achievement. The Epstein (1987) typologies were used to classify parent involvement modalities. The analysis consisted of four research questions and were tested at the .05 level of significance. Pearson's product-moment, Spearman's rho, and Kendall's Tau B correlation coefficients were used to analyze the degree of relationship between Epstein's six typologies and student achievement. A t-test was used to describe the relationship between student achievement and the number of parents in the home. One-way Analyses of Variance were used to describe the relationships between student achievement and parents' educational and income levels. Kruskal Wallis tests were used to analyze differences in parental involvement by the number of parents in the home, parental income, and education levels. A Hierarchical Regression Analysis was also used to determine the extent to which parents' income, educational levels, and family structure assist in predicting student achievement. The sample consisted of 413 students in grade 4 in four counties in East Tennessee. Two schools were selected from each county as a representative sample of the population. The results of this study indicate significant relationships between student achievement and the parental involvement typologies of volunteering, learning at home, decision-making, and collaborating with the community. The relationships between student achievement and parental involvement in conjunction with parents' educational and income levels were also significant. Both parental involvement typologies and family demographics emphasize goals which are achieved most effectively when families and schools work together.

In education about climate issues teachers make choices. What is of most importance? To know how the green house effect works in a natural scientific way or to know about the political processes that can help us find a solution? Habits, or selective traditions, answers the questions why, what and how does teachers do when teaching about climate issues.  In this study selective traditions are investigated.The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify selective traditions among the Swedish geography teachers when it comes to teaching about global warming. A discussion about the implications of the selective traditions for the education from a pragmatic perspective, inspired by John Dewey in his work: “Democracy and Education is also included.The empiricism of the study consists of interviews where teachers tell about their ways of teaching about climate issues. The result is presented in the form of selective traditions. The study identifies three separate didactic typologies in teaching about climate issues. The natural science typology tradition which focuses on facts, the normative which focuses on changing the student’s attitudes and the pluralistic which focuses on the student’s democratic development. All three have different implications in a pragmatic perspective. These three didactic typologies have different implications for the democratic dimension in education. Typology 1 does not encourage the student to take part in debates about climate change. Instead the student only receives natural science facts. In Typology 2 it is the teacher or some other ruler who decides what attitudes to adapt. But in Typology 3 the student is encouraged to, and gets the opportunity to develop his- or hers own attitudes.

The Sardinian Bronze Age (Nuragic period) and the factors which created and maintained an island-wide identity as seen through the presence of its distinctive nuraghi have received considerable attention; however the amount of research directly related to the stone tools of the era has been relatively limited despite the wealth of knowledge it is capable of yielding. This thesis hopes to contribute to Sardinian archaeology through the study of ancient technology, specifically obsidian lithic technology, by combining typological information with source data gleaned from the use of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). These data are integrated with statistical analyses breaking down the spatial distribution of nuraghi across the island through the use of distance-based methods, including k-means and kernel density analyses, which create a more comprehensive understanding of the island-wide political and social structure. This research will test the hypothesis that changes in the acquisition of obsidian raw materials were coupled with corresponding changes in how the obsidian was used. The results provide precedence for future work in Sardinia and create a model for integrating two types of analyses, sourcing and typological. By combining these results, it is possible to investigate how obsidian influenced the ancient economy as well as assess its cultural significance for people of the past.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Communication, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], vii, 82 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82).