Hur skapas en sittmöbel avsedd för flera ändamål där både god ergonomi och god estetisk uppfattning av sittmöbeln kan uppnås för användarna? Frågeställningen utforskas genom skapandet av en sittmöbel från två produktkategorier; kontorsstol och fåtölj. Arbetet sker genom ACD - användarcentrerad design för att få återkoppling och input från möjliga användare genom arbetes gång. Teori inom ergonomi används för att skapa förståelse kring hur ergonomi kan påverka användaren, och vad som skapar god ergonomi i design. För att bemöta frågan kring jämnvikt mellan estetik och ergonomi utgår metoderna från principen MAYA – most advanced, yet accepted. Arbetets resultat är ett förslag till metod för att jämföra två produktkategorier mot varandra för att identifiera likheter och skillnader. Från resultat av metod sker idégenerering för att skapa en produktbildsrendering av produkt inom en helt ny produktkategori. / How do you create a seating furniture intended for multiple purposes where both good ergonomics and a good aesthetic perception of the seating furniture can be achieved for the users? The issue is explored through the creation of seating furniture from two product categories; office chair and armchair. The work is done through UCD user-centered design to get feedback and input from potential users through the work. Theory in ergonomics is used to create an understanding of how ergonomics can affect the user, and what creates good ergonomics in design. To address the issue of balance between aesthetics and ergonomics, the methods are based on the principle MAYA - most advanced, yet accepted. The result of the work is a proposed method for comparing two product categories against each other to identify similarities and differences. From the result of the method, idea generation takes place to create a product image rendering of the product within a completely new product category.

We have been working together with Triona AB to design a dashboard mock-up for their web application TNE Editor, so they can get a better overview of important information. A process with many steps is needed to gather information about Trionas customers, we want to reduce the number of these steps. Triona is an IT-consulting business. They primarily work with logistics and infrastructure organizations. Our goal was to develop an administrative dashboard for TNE Editor. A user centred design (UCD) approach was used. This was done by involving the users in the process from the beginning to determine what requirements the users had. A UCD methodology helps use valuate if they are satisfied with the design according to the usability requirement satisfaction. Our research questions were: How can a dashboard reduce the steps needed to gather statistical information of Trionas customers? By implementing design principles for a dashboard, will the users be satisfied with the dashboard design? We interviewed employees at Triona that use the TNE Editor and made a SWOT-analysis based on their answers. The results showed opportunities to implement different data about Trionas customers on a dashboard. Information like the activity trend the customers, proportion of accepted and rejected projects and common error messages. We designed a dashboard mock-up with the feedback from the interviewees together with design guidelines such as gestalt theory and information visualization theory. We have also taken usability and user experience principles into consideration to make the dashboard as efficient and user friendly as possible. The users of the TNE Editor generally seem pleased with the dashboard mock-up. However, there is still room for additional iterations to improve the design further. / Vi har samarbetat med Triona AB för att designa en dashboard prototyp för deras webbapplikation TNE Editor, så att de kan få en bättre översikt över viktig information. För att samla information om Trionas kunder så krävs en process med många steg, vi vill minska antalet steg i denna process. Triona är ett IT-konsultföretag som främst arbetar med logistik- och infrastrukturorganisationer. Vårt mål var att utveckla en administrativ instrumentpanel för TNE Editor. Vi använde oss av en användarcentrerad design (UCD)-metodik. Detta gjordes genom att involvera användarna i processen från början för att fastställa deras krav och behov. En UCD metodik hjälper oss även att utvärdera om de är nöjda med designen enligt usabilitykravet satisfaction. Våra forskningsfrågor var: Hur kan en dashboard minska antalet steg som behövs för att samla statistik om Trionas kunder? Genom att implementera design principer för en dashboard, kommer användarna bli nöjda med dashboard designen? Vi intervjuade anställda på Triona som använder TNE Editor och genomförde en SWOT-analys baserad på deras svar. Resultaten visade möjligheter att implementera olika data om Trionas kunder på en dashboard. Information som aktivitetstrender för kunderna, andel accepterade och avvisade projekt samt vanliga felmeddelanden. Vi designade en dashboard prototyp utifrån feedback från intervjupersonerna tillsammans med designriktlinjer såsom gestaltningsteori och teori för informationsvisualisering. Vi har även tagit hänsyn till principer för användbarhet och användarupplevelse för att göra dashboard så effektiv och användarvänlig som möjligt. Användarna av TNE Editor verkar generellt sett nöjda med prototypen för instrumentpanelen. Det finns dock fortfarande utrymme för ytterligare iterationer för att ytterligare förbättra designen.

The objective of this thesis is to investigate the incorporation of work engagement theory into the design process of an IT system. This is accomplished through the development of a web interface that facilitates data visualization and analysis for radar surveillance operations at Saab. The incorporation of work engagement in the design process is rare in previous research but holds the potential to enhance employee engagement, promoting greater enthusiasm for their daily tasks and alleviating stress and burnout. This, in turn, can foster a workforce that is both more productive and successful. The thesis has been divided into two core parts; the development of a design framework used for theoretical analysis of work engagement, and the practical implementation of the framework in the development and evaluation process. The design framework, crafted through an extensive literature review, integrates work engagement theory complemented by other relevant theories, all supported by a user-centered design methodology, thus ensuring a comprehensive and consistent approach to capturing engagement. The practical implementation of the framework consisted of developing and evaluating the web interface in three iterations. In each iteration the users' needs were defined as functional requirements, a prototype was developed and a user evaluation was conducted. Following these interviews, modifications were made to the functional requirements, guiding the subsequent iteration.  The final evaluation revealed that users saw potential in the proof-of-concept tool, praising its innovative design process, ease of use, and visualization techniques. They believed these aspects could inspire future development of existing tools and enhance engagement. After the iterations, it became evident that adhering to the proposed design framework, based on user-centered design principles and UX theory, especially emphasizing UX goals, allows for effective integration of work engagement within an IT system in a highly technological context. It holds the potential for creating engaging interfaces and thus capturing quiet quitters, amplifying well-being and increasing organizational success.

The world moves toward the era of a smart society that is human-centered, sustainable, and inclusive. Countries employed new information and communication technologies to deliver services and engage citizens in the decision-making process. These services are evolving and in the near future, we can expect a plethora of new services related to Smart Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0, in addition to more traditional services. The possibility of these new technologies to foster sustainable development can only be obtained when all target users have fair access to the offered services. In the e-government context, ensuring service quality is crucial for success. While many factors contribute to service quality, user experience is becoming increasingly important. Governments need to put citizens at the center of the design process of their services and ensure that all target users have an enhanced experience with the offered e-services. Moreover, e-government constantly changes over time and continues to drive opportunities and open new possibilities for potential developments. Therefore, it is highly recommended that government agencies regularly evaluate citizens' experience with the offered services and investigate the factors that significantly influence their adoption behavior. However, numerous research efforts investigated the user experience of e-government from the lens of specific government services in an individual or specific range of countries. There has been a lack of a global e-government adoption framework to evaluate users' adoption behaviors of e-government services. Despite successful efforts to formalize certain aspects of user experience, there remains a need for a comprehensive and systematic framework for user experience evaluation. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to conduct a comprehensive study of the state of the art in user experience evaluation and develop a unified framework that integrates existing knowledge on the topic. It provides a systematic approach for enhancing user experience by providing guidelines on how to evaluate users' adoption behaviors of e-government services efficiently as a reference for future investigations. The research approach was conducted through two main phases. The first phase aims to design the proposed conceptual framework to evaluate users' adoption behaviors of e-government services. Hence, we have conducted a systematic literature review on user experience towards e-government services and cover all different aspects to better understand target users and enhance their overall experience. This systematic review informed the design of a holistic conceptual framework by investigating factors that significantly affect users' adoption of e-government services globally. The proposed framework provides a standard overarching process for future research in the e-government domain by providing an established methodology for evaluating users' adoption behaviors of e-government services. This framework is global, it is used to evaluate users' adoption behaviors of e-government in any country to ensure that citizens have a good experience with e-government services in that country. The framework includes the most common significant factors influencing users' adoption behaviors of e-government that represent the necessary steps to enhance citizen experience and boost their adoption behavior. The second phase implies the utilization of the proposed framework to evaluate users' adoption behaviors of e-government by developing a reference implementation of e-government adoption based on the proposed framework. The quantitative research methodology was employed using a web-based questionnaire to evaluate the e-government adoption behavior. The questionnaire contains a set of measurement items pertaining to each factor that existed in the proposed framework to investigate their potential relationships. The questionnaire underwent an iterative process of testing and validation to ensure the reliability and credibility of the measurement items. Then, the multivariate statistics, including the structural equation modeling, have been adopted to analyze and examine the framework relationships. Preliminary results of this thesis include two user studies investigating user experience towards specific e-government services to support the development of the conceptual framework. Then, the proposed framework alongside the reference implementation were applied to evaluate the Saudi e-government adoption by evaluating the adoption behavior and developing an explanatory model for the adoption behaviors of Saudi citizens. The contributions of this thesis can be summarized by conducting a systematic literature review on user experience towards e-government services to inform the design of the proposed framework. Then, developing a global conceptual framework for evaluating users' adoption behaviors of e-government. Overall, this thesis provides valuable insights into enhancing citizen experience and increasing their adoption of e-government services, which supports government agencies, practitioners, and policymakers. / Doctor of Philosophy / Governments employed new technologies that are dynamic and smart to deliver services to citizens and ensure they are engaged while using these services. Nowadays, the phenomenon of 'smart society' refers to systems that are human-centered, sustainable, and accessed by all target users. Universal access to government services is the pillar to achieving sustainable development goals as expressions of a smart society. In the electronic government context, ensuring service quality is crucial for success. While many factors contribute to service quality, user experience is becoming increasingly important. Governments need to put citizens at the center of the design process of their services and ensure that all target users have an enhanced experience with the offered e-services. Moreover, e-government constantly changes over time and continues to drive opportunities and open new possibilities for potential developments. Therefore, it is highly recommended that government agencies regularly evaluate citizens' experience and investigate the factors that influence their adoption behavior. In the literature, there has been a lack of a comprehensive review of user experience towards e-government services globally. In addition, many research efforts focused on developing e-government adoption frameworks based on government services in a specific country or a limited range of countries. There has been a lack of a global e-government adoption framework to evaluate users' adoption behaviors of e-government services. Despite successful efforts to formalize certain aspects of user experience, there remains a need for a comprehensive and systematic framework for user experience evaluation. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to conduct a comprehensive study of the state of the art in user experience evaluation and develop a unified framework that integrates existing knowledge on the topic. It provides a systematic approach to enhance the user experience by providing guidelines on how to evaluate users' adoption behaviors of e-government services efficiently as a reference for future investigations. This comprehensive review informed the design of a holistic conceptual framework by investigating significant factors influencing users' adoption behaviors of e-government services globally. Hence, the proposed framework includes the most common significant factors influencing users' adoption behaviors of e-government imported from the comprehensive review's results. This framework provides a standard overarching process for future research in the e-government domain by providing an established methodology for evaluating users' adoption behaviors of e-government services. It is used to evaluate the e-government adoption behaviors in any country to ensure the efficiency of e-government services and enhance the citizen experience in that country. The quantitative research methodology was employed using a web-based questionnaire to evaluate the e-government adoption behavior based on the proposed framework. The questionnaire was tested and validated to ensure the reliability and credibility of the questionnaire items. After that, specific statistical techniques, including structural equation modeling, were used to examine and refine the framework relationships. Preliminary results of this thesis include two user studies investigating users' experience towards specific e-government services to support the development of the conceptual framework. Hence, the proposed framework alongside the developed questionnaire and implemented analysis techniques were applied to evaluate the Saudi e-government adoption by evaluating the adoption behavior and developing an explanatory model for the adoption behaviors of Saudi citizens. This thesis supports the e-government by providing valuable insights to government practitioners and policymakers on enhancing citizen experience and increasing their adoption of e-government services.

A more integrated collaboration between different disciplines and stakeholders in the process of software development affects the quality of the end product and its user experience. The diversity of methodologies across the disciplines creates a need for an aligned set of practices, such as Agile User-Centered Design (AUCD), which is a cross-disciplinary integration of the Agile and User-Centered Design (UCD) methodologies. The initial research part of this work focuses on identifying the main challenges and needs of cross-disciplinary teams, particularly in AUCD. The research methodology is based on a systematic review of the latest academic publications in the area, complemented by surveying the digital industry practitioners from multiple disciplines. The identified challenges and needs are then addressed by proposing a solution: Digital Product Mapping Framework for the documentation of a holistic digital product specification in a visual way. The framework outcome is a design artifact that can be used as a communication medium for both designers, developers, and other stakeholders. The validation of design artifacts showcased its high readability rate among first-time users. Additionally, empirical user tests proved that such documentation of the digital product specification can facilitate the collaboration of cross-disciplinary teams and support such software development activities as maintaining a shared vision and estimation of project cost and scope. This research work presents the following methodologies that can be valuable for both further academic research and for industry practitioners: synthesis and validation of the challenges and needs of cross-disciplinary teams; a set of recommendations for the specification documentation practices for AUCD; design principles for a solution to address the identified challenges and meet the needs of the cross-disciplinary teams. Moreover, an improved version of the proposed framework can potentially lead to a form of documentation that can be applied in AUCD practices. / Ett mer integrerat samarbete mellan olika discipliner och intressenter i programvaruutvecklingen påverkar slutproduktens kvalitet och användarupplevelse. Mångfalden av metoder inom disciplinerna skapar ett behov av en anpassad uppsättning metoder, såsom Agile User-Centered Design (AUCD), vilket är en tvärvetenskaplig integration av Agile och User-Centered Design (UCD) -metoderna. Den inledande forskningsdelen av detta arbete fokuserar på att identifiera de största utmaningarna och behoven hos tvärvetenskapliga team, särskilt i AUCD. Forskningsmetoden bygger på en systematisk genomgång av de senaste akademiska publikationerna inom området, kompletterat med kartläggning av utövare inom den digitala industrin från flera discipliner. De identifierade utmaningarna och behoven hanteras sedan genom att föreslå en lösning: Digital Product Mapping Framework för dokumentation av en holistisk digital produktspecifikation på ett visuellt sätt. Ramresultatet är en designartefakt som kan användas som ett kommunikationsmedium för både designers, utvecklare och andra intressenter. Valideringen av designartefakter visade sin höga läsbarhetsgrad bland förstagångsanvändare. Dessutom bevisade empiriska användartester att sådan dokumentation av den digitala produktspecifikationen kan underlätta samarbete mellan tvärvetenskapliga team och stödja sådana programvaruutvecklingsaktiviteter som att upprätthålla en delad vision och uppskatta projektets kostnad och omfattning. Detta forskningsarbete presenterar följande metoder som kan vara värdefulla för både vidare akademisk forskning och för branschutövare: syntes och validering av tvärvetenskapliga teams utmaningar och behov; en uppsättning rekommendationer för specifikationsdokumentationspraxis för AUCD; utforma principer för en lösning för att hantera de identifierade utmaningarna och tillgodose behoven hos de tvärvetenskapliga teamen. Dessutom kan en förbättrad version av det föreslagna ramverket potentiellt leda till en form av dokumentation som kan användas i AUCD-praxis.

Denna studie är ett kandidatarbete i informationsdesign som fokuserar på interaktionsdesign. Den syftar specifikt till att utveckla och utvärdera en innovativ applikation som förenklar valet av hudvårdsprodukter för personer med allergier och hudkänslighet. Studien använde en kombination av kvalitativa metoder, inklusive intervjuer och användbarhetstester, och kvantitativa metoder, såsom enkäter, för att samla in data. Denna rapport detaljerar utvecklingsprocessen från forskning och användarstudier genom iterativa design och testfaserna till skapandet av en slutlig högkvalitativ prototyp. Utvecklingen innefattade samråd med experter och potentiella användare för att säkerställa en användarcentrerad designinsats. Olika teorier, inklusive kognitiv belastningsteori och principer för användarcentrerad design, tillämpades för att förbättra applikationens användbarhet. Resultatet av denna studie är en högkvalitativ prototyp av Allergo. Denna applikation innehåller funktioner som en ingrediensscanner, personliga allergilarm, personliga hudvårdsrekommendationer, community-feedback och recensioner samt en rutintracker. Applikationen hjälper användare att snabbt och effektivt identifiera säkra hudvårdsprodukter, vilket främjar en känsla av förtroende och kontroll över deras hudvårdsval. / This study is a bachelor's thesis in information design that focuses on interaction design. It specifically aims to develop and evaluate an innovative application that aims to simplify the choice of skin care products for people with allergies and skin sensitivities.  The study employed a combination of qualitative methods, including interviews and usability testing, and quantitative methods, such as questionnaires, to gather data. This report details the development process from research and user studies through iterative design and testing phases to the creation of a final high-fidelity prototype. The development involved consultations with experts and potential users to ensure a user-centered design approach. Various theories, including Cognitive Load Theory and User-Centered Design principles, were applied to enhance the application's usability. The outcome of this study is a high-fidelity prototype of Allergo. This application integrates features like an ingredient scanner, personal allergy alerts, personalized skincare recommendations, community feedback, and reviews, as well as a routine tracker. The application helps users identify safe skincare products quickly and effectively, fostering a sense of confidence and control over their skincare choices.

Researchers in the area of web usability dwell on the importance of simplicity in a website design so that users can achieve a specific task with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. If a banking website misses one of these characteristics of usability users may get lost in the middle of the website or become frustrated and “will seek information elsewhere”. This study assesses what are the main issues behind the current banking websites through a questionnaire with 74 participants the result of this questionnaire shows that there are still unsolved problems in the current banking websites that impacts the quality of use. This study performs a thorough theoretical study to find out more about the subject understudy and by combining together with qualitative interviews; the study comes up with a proposed solution to improve banking websites’ usability – by implementing a user-centered design. / Program: Masterutbildning i Informatik

Un des enjeux sociétal important concerne le vieillissement des personnes en situation de handicap mental. L’allongement de l’espérance de leur vie a pour conséquence que les établissements spécialisés pour l’accueil des personnes âgées (comme les EPHAD) se retrouvent à accueillir des personnes souffrant des maladies du vieillissement (démence par exemple) en plus d’un handicap mental. Se pose alors le problème de l’accès aux soins pour cette population à travers l’usage des dispositifs médicaux adaptés aux caractéristiques des personnes âgées.  La présence d’un handicap mental a plusieurs conséquences : difficulté de compréhension des usages des dispositifs médicaux, personnels peu formés aux conséquences de cette handicap). En effet, les dispositifs médicaux sont spécifiques soit pour les situations de handicaps ou soit pour le contexte du vieillissement (avec des normes, des règles de remboursement différents). Que se passe t-il dans le cas d’un dispositif médical qui doit être adapté non seulement aux contraintes dues au vieillissement et à celles dues à un handicap mental ? Nous proposons donc de partir des questions de départ suivantes comme objectif pour ce sujet de thèse : Y a t-il des difficultés d'accès aux soins pour les personnes âgées en situation de handicap? Quels sont les manques exprimés par les usagers eux-mêmes et par les professionnels du sanitaire? Quel Dispositif Médical faudrait-il "améliorer" ou créer pour faciliter l'accès aux soins pour cette population spécifique ? / One og the biggest challenge for our societies is the aging of the population. One is getting particularly important : the ageing of people with mental disorder. The increase of their life expectancy has several consequences in their access to care. Establishment which are specialized in the welcolme of elderly people are now welcoming people with mental disorder. The access to care is one of the most problematic aspect in this phenomenum : what medical devices are adapted for this new population ? Indeed, medical devices are adapted either for people with mental disorder, either for elderly people. For people with mental disorder getting older, there is a need to adapt the tools for them, to adapt the way of communicating with them and the way to monitore them. We are trying to propose new solutions to answer all these questions.

Autoimmune diseases are endemic, but the disease mechanisms are poorly understood. A way to better understand these are to find disease-regulating genes. However, this is difficult as the diseases are complex, with several genes as well as environmental factors influencing the development of disease. A way to facilitate the search for genes responsible for the diseases is to use comparative genomic studies. Animal models are relatively easy to analyze since control of environment and breeding are obtained. The University of California at Davies – line 200 (UCD-200) chickens have a hereditary disease that is similar to systemic sclerosis. Using a backcross between UCD-200 chickens and red junglefowl (RJF) chickens we identified three loci linked to the disease. The loci contained immune-regulatory genes suggested to be involved in systemic sclerosis in humans, as well as a previously unidentified linkage between systemic sclerosis in UCD-200 chickens and IGFBP3. The Dark brown (Db) gene enhances red pheomelanin and restricts expression of eumelanin in chickens. The Db phenotype is regulated by an 8 kb deletion upstream of SOX10. Pigmentation studies are potentially useful when trying to identify pathogenic mechanisms and candidate genes in vitiligo The Obese strain (OS) of chickens spontaneously develops an autoimmune thyroiditis which closely resembles human Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. By using an intercross between OS chickens and RJF chickens, we found several disease phenotypes that can be used in an ongoing linkage analysis with the goal to find candidate genes for autoimmune disease. An important phenotype to record and add to the linkage analysis is autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase, since this phenotype is a key feature in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Previous attempts to measure these titres in OS chickens have failed, hence an assay was developed for this purpose.

In this thesis, an IT company asked for a tool for improving some aspects of daily work for employees working with customer support. A web-site was constructed for this purpose, and development was steered by applying usability evaluation methods in an iterative manner. These methods were combined with the approach of following the guidelines of user-centered design. The aim was to see if an increase of user-satisfaction towards the user-interface could be measured between iterations.Another significant question that was central to the study was the comparison between the industry-leading Nielsen’s heuristics and Gerhardt-Powals principles. Only one previous study was found making this comparison which made it interesting to see if the same result would be reached in this study.