The aim of my diploma thesis is to map problems of business enterprise in connection with subsidies provided by the Job Centres. In the theoretical part I define main terms, legislative frame, policy of employment, and the topic considering enterprise establishment including the programme {\clq}q Enterprise without obstacles and employment of disabled people``. Work plays unreplaceable role in the life of a man. It is an important condition of his/her worthy existence, it brings him/her material welfare but in the same time it gives feeling of self-fulfillment and utility to society. Work is determining for economical and social status of individuals, families and for stability and welfare of the whole society. After losing the work a man usually recognizes the real value of it. Unemployment as a result of the job market function is one the most important problems of the current world. One of the possibilities of unemployment decrease is increasing of job potentialities for job applicants who have no other way to get a job unless they set their own business. To realize chosen enterprise options job centres can provide financial support for covering of some of expenses necessary to set self-employment. This diploma thesis focuses on problems of subsidies provided to beginning enterpreneurs by the Job Centre in České Budějovice. As a quantitative resarch work the method of questionnig (questionnaire technique) was used together with the method of documents analysis (technique of data secundary analysis). This diploma thesis tries to find out the effectivity of subsidies provided by job centres and to inform not only beginning enterpreneurs but also the whole society about conditions and possibilities connected with the beginning of the enterpreneur activities.

The aim of the study was to investigate the diet diversity, food access and coping strategies applied by single mothers with young children in the Northern Okavango region of Botswana. A qualitative and quantitative survey was chosen as the research design for this study. The study site was Gumare village in rural Ngamiland and the sample included only single female headed households. The questionnaires used were contextualized to reflect the culture, food patterns and specific foods commonly consumed in Botswana. Three questionnaires were used: 1. A socio- demographic questionnaire to document household size, age, marital status, income and water sources and the indigenous and wild foods that were gathered 2. The international standardized Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) questionnaire to identify the variety of foods from fourteen food groups consumed by households over the previous 24 hours 3. The international standardized Coping Strategies Index (CSI) to determine the coping strategy behaviours of members of the household when faced with food shortages The socio demographic results of the study showed that female headed households had an average 7.4 members. They were seriously affected by poverty, as 58% of the households had registered under the Botswana Social Welfare programme as destitute. Therefore qualifies to be assisted through provision of food baskets and cash vouchers. The overall results obtained from the household dietary diversity questionnaire showed a diet diversity score of 2.0. This is an extremely low diet diversity value, which indicate a high level of vulnerability to food insecurity and inadequate food access. The foods which were mainly consumed by households were from the cereal food group, reflecting the global situation among the poor who rely on starch- based diets. The intake from dairy products (10%), meats (28%) and Vitamin A rich vegetables (16%) was limited. Given the limited food variety resulting in severe restriction to food access, coping strategies to address food shortages were employed. These included; relying on less preferred and less expensive food (100%), gathering wild food, hunting or harvesting immature crops (68%), limiting portion sizes (96%), reducing the number of meals eaten in the day (76%), depending on government food baskets (58%) and reducing overall food intake when the government food basket was not adequate (50%). It can be concluded that, given the restricted food access and a severely limited diversity in consumed food, extended government welfare assistance is crucial. The findings of this study could be used to guide the Botswana government when formulating new approaches and interventions to address food access and ultimately food security in households in this poverty- stricken area. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M.A. (Human Ecology)

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-27T13:46:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Martha Susana Díaz.pdf: 1873596 bytes, checksum: 65d3815f6491e2ca9ddbe7f8a508b34a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juarez Cardoso da Silva (juarez.cardoso@ufba.br) on 2016-06-27T17:04:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Martha Susana Díaz.pdf: 1873596 bytes, checksum: 65d3815f6491e2ca9ddbe7f8a508b34a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T17:04:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Martha Susana Díaz.pdf: 1873596 bytes, checksum: 65d3815f6491e2ca9ddbe7f8a508b34a (MD5) / Esta tese analisa os processos de inserção e participação política das mulheres trabalhadoras desempregadas da Patagônia nas tomadas dos terminais marítimos de petróleo (TERMAP), ocorridas em 2004 no enclave petrolífero do Golfo San Jorge, cidade Caleta Olivia, Argentina. A partir da articulação das perspectivas de gênero, gerações e de classe social, a pesquisa na qual se baseia a tese indagou sobre os grandes significados, as motivações e as consequências dessa atuação, tanto na construção da categoria mulher desempregada como sujeito político, quanto nas mudanças em seu cotidiano e no contexto sociopolítico local e regional. A pesquisa, qualitativa, foi realizada através da análise das histórias de vida e das trajetórias políticas e laborais das mulheres que participaram das tomadas, da análise de entrevistas a informantes chaves e nas análises de artigos jornalísticos dos acontecimentos. O estudo reconstrói o percurso histórico das lutas das mulheres desempregadas patagônicas no marco do movimento de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras desempregadas, cujas origens remontam à recessão produzida, na década de 90, na região e no país, pela aplicação das "medidas de ajuste" neoliberais. E mostra que na demanda de trabalho às empresas petrolíferas privadas, as mulheres se assumem como trabalhadoras desempregadas, no marco da luta de classes sociais e de gênero, e reconstroem novas relações com o social e o político, emergindo como uma geração que vai mais além da luta pelo trabalho, ao denunciarem as desigualdades de gênero e a apropriação e saque dos recursos naturais por parte das empresas multinacionais. Nesse sentido, demonstra-se, por um lado, a existência de uma aliança estatal-empresarial e midiática para garantir a acumulação capitalista, e, por outro, que a luta das mulheres para conseguir trabalho formal nessas empresas petroleiras se confronta com fortes padrões de masculinidade reproduzidos pela dinâmica empresarial da região. Confirmase, assim, a apropriação por parte do capital da ideologia de gênero para obter maior beneficio econômico. Contrariamente à hegemonia de exploraçãodominação do capitalismo-patriarcado, as mulheres a confrontam, construindo novos sentidos na política, tais como, a importância política dos laços primários na luta, a formação política e a construção de laços solidários, contrapostas à imposição da ideologia desumana do neoliberalismo. Entendida como uma geração que soube interpretar o seu tempo histórico, esta continua lutando contra a nova ordem neoliberal do capitalismo por espoliação, ao enfrentar, na atualidade, o fracking e a megamineração. This dissertation analyzes the processes of insertion and political participation of unemployed Patagonian working women in the occupation of maritime petroleum terminals (TERMAP) that occurred in 2004, in the petroleum enclave of the San Jorge Gulf, in the city of Caleta Olivia, Argentina. Based on the articulation of gender, generation, and social class perspectives, the research upon which this dissertation is based inquired about the major meanings, motivations and consequences of their participation, both in terms of the construction of the category ‘unemployed women’ as political subjects, as well as in the changes taking place in their everyday life and in the regional and local sociopolitical context. The research, of a qualitative nature, was undertaken through the collection and analysis of life stories and political and work trajectories of the women who participated in the occupation, interviews with key informants, and on newspaper articles published while the events took place. The study reconstructs the historical course of the struggles staged by unemployed Patagonian women within that of the unemployed workers movement, whose origins remount to the recession of the 1990s resultant from neoliberal economic “adjustment measures”. It shows that in their demands to private sector petroleum industries for employment, women presented themselves as ‘unemployed workers’, intersecting class and gender struggles, constructing new relations with the social and the political, and emerging as a generation of women who goes much further in their struggle for work, in denouncing gender inequalities and the appropriation and looting of natural resources by multinational companies. As such, the study reveals, on the one hand, the existence of a state-entrepreneurial and media alliance to guarantee capitalist accumulation, and, on the other hand, that women’s struggles to guarantee formal employment in these petroleum industries had to confront the strong masculinity patterns reproduced by the entrepreneurial dynamics in the region. This confirms the appropriation of gender ideology by capital in order to obtain economic benefits. But contrary to the exploitation-domination hegemony of patriarchal capitalism, women confront it, building new meanings to politics, such as the political importance of primary links in the struggle, political formation and the building of solidarity links, in opposition to the imposition of neoliberalism’s unhuman ideology. Understood as a generation that knew how to interpret their historical time, they continue to struggle against a new capitalist neoliberal order for spoliation, confronting, at present, fracking and mega-mining. / This dissertation analyzes the processes of insertion and political participation of unemployed Patagonian working women in the occupation of maritime petroleum terminals (TERMAP) that occurred in 2004, in the petroleum enclave of the San Jorge Gulf, in the city of Caleta Olivia, Argentina. Based on the articulation of gender, generation, and social class perspectives, the research upon which this dissertation is based inquired about the major meanings, motivations and consequences of their participation, both in terms of the construction of the category ‘unemployed women’ as political subjects, as well as in the changes taking place in their everyday life and in the regional and local sociopolitical context. The research, of a qualitative nature, was undertaken through the collection and analysis of life stories and political and work trajectories of the women who participated in the occupation, interviews with key informants, and on newspaper articles published while the events took place. The study reconstructs the historical course of the struggles staged by unemployed Patagonian women within that of the unemployed workers movement, whose origins remount to the recession of the 1990s resultant from neoliberal economic “adjustment measures”. It shows that in their demands to private sector petroleum industries for employment, women presented themselves as ‘unemployed workers’, intersecting class and gender struggles, constructing new relations with the social and the political, and emerging as a generation of women who goes much further in their struggle for work, in denouncing gender inequalities and the appropriation and looting of natural resources by multinational companies. As such, the study reveals, on the one hand, the existence of a state-entrepreneurial and media alliance to guarantee capitalist accumulation, and, on the other hand, that women’s struggles to guarantee formal employment in these petroleum industries had to confront the strong masculinity patterns reproduced by the entrepreneurial dynamics in the region. This confirms the appropriation of gender ideology by capital in order to obtain economic benefits. But contrary to the exploitation-domination hegemony of patriarchal capitalism, women confront it, building new meanings to politics, such as the political importance of primary links in the struggle, political formation and the building of solidarity links, in opposition to the imposition of neoliberalism’s unhuman ideology. Understood as a generation that knew how to interpret their historical time, they continue to struggle against a new capitalist neoliberal order for spoliation, confronting, at present, fracking and mega-mining.

Ce travail est le résultat d’une enquête à dominante qualitative menée entre 2007 et 2012 dans une Maison de l’Emploi. À partir d’une centaine d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’observations en continue, nous nous sommes attachés à comprendre comment se construisent les rapports des chômeurs aux intermédiaires de l’emploi. Nous avons ainsi échangé (de manière formelle et informelle) avec des conseillers et des chômeurs au sujet de leurs usages et attentes à l’égard du Service Public de l’Emploi. Cette recherche a été réalisée dans un contexte de fortes mutations institutionnelles (mise en place des Maison de l’Emploi en 2005, fusion du réseau des Assedic et de l’ANPE en 2008 et généralisation du RSA en 2009). Ces réformes visent notamment à simplifier les modalités de coordination entre les opérateurs du marché du travail et à simplifier les démarches des chômeurs tout au long de leur recherche d’emploi. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux différentes implications de la mise en œuvre des Maisons de l’Emploi. Dans une première approche, nous avons retracé les restructurations du paysage de l’emploi dans une perspective socio-historique. Nous avons porté une attention particulière aux partages des responsabilités entre l’État et les collectivités territoriales dans la définition des politiques publiques en matière d’emploi. Dans la seconde approche, nous nous sommes interrogés sur la place et le rôle des Maisons de l’Emploi au sein du Service Public de l’Emploi élargi. Sur la base de neuf monographies, nous avons cherché à comprendre la spécificité de leur champ d’action au regard des autres acteurs de l’emploi, ainsi que les articulations concrètes qui s’opèrent entre eux. La troisième approche traite plus directement des itinéraires administratifs des chômeurs au sein du maquis des intermédiaires de l’emploi. Nous y retraçons leurs démarches, ainsi que leurs rapports aux institutions au travers d’une analyse dynamique de leurs trajectoires institutionnelles. Cette option méthodologique nous a permis de mettre en évidence cinq profils idéal-typiques de chômeurs ; profils qui se construisent de manière itérative, au gré des effets d’interactions cumulées avec les acteurs de l’emploi. / This work is the result of a mostly qualitative study carried out in a Maison de l’Emploi from 2007 to 2012. Based on about one hundred semi structured interviews and continuous observation, we set out to understand how relations between the unemployed and employment intermediaries are constructed. We discussed (both formally and informally) with counselors and unemployed persons concerning their uses and expectations of the Service Public de l’Emploi. This research was conducted in a context of important institutional transformations (the creation of Maison de l’Emploi in 2005, the fusion of the Assedic and the ANPE networks in 2008 and the implementation of the RSA in 2009). These reforms notably aim to simplify the processed of coordination between job market operators as well as unemployment procedures throughout the search for employment. In this thesis, we took particular interest in the creation of the Maison de l’Emploi. In the first approach, we retrace the restructuring of the employment landscape through a socio historical perspective. We paid particular attention to the shared role of State and territorial collectivities in defining public policy regarding employment. In the second approach, we contemplated the place and role of the Maison de l’Emploi within the larger Service Public de l’Emploi. Using nine monographs, we sought to comprehend the specificity of their field of action regarding other employment agencies, as well as the connections between them. The third approach deals more directly with the administrative itineraries of the unemployed within the jungle of employment intermediaries. We retrace their procedure, as well as their relations to institutions through a dynamic analysis of their institutional trajectories. This methodological choice allowed us to identify five ideal type profiles of the unemployed; profiles constructed iteratively, over the course of accumulated interactions with employment agencies.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-18T14:57:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 pricillaaparecidaramosdasilva.pdf: 1357730 bytes, checksum: bec628f23697a75937d6745913a2d216 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-19T14:16:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pricillaaparecidaramosdasilva.pdf: 1357730 bytes, checksum: bec628f23697a75937d6745913a2d216 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-19T14:16:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pricillaaparecidaramosdasilva.pdf: 1357730 bytes, checksum: bec628f23697a75937d6745913a2d216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / O objeto desse estudo são os moradores da periferia das cidades brasileiras que se organizam para criar alternativas para acessar os meios de vida, tais como renda e moradia, nesses tempos em que a crise estrutural do capital submete contingentes massivos ao desemprego, à desocupação. Nesse sentido, buscamos compreender o estágio atual da crise do capitalismo e os processos destrutivos do seu modo de produção movidos pela ideologia da modernidade. Observamos uma profunda transformação no mundo do trabalho como consequência do desenvolvimento das forças produtivas que expulsa o trabalho humano da produção. Assim, a crise do capital cria uma superpopulação de desempregados que, ao se exceder, já não exerce a função do exército industrial de reserva. Tornam-se desocupados, supérfluos, sujeitos ao descarte e destinados ao lixo nas periferias das cidades sem que o Estado lhes assegure proteção social. / The object of this study is the inhabitants of the periphery of Brazilian cities who organize themselves to create alternatives to access the means of life, such as income and housing, in those times when the structural crisis of capital submits massive contingents to unemployment. In this sense, we seek to understand the current stage of the crisis of capitalism and the destructive processes of its mode of production driven by the ideology of modernity. We see a profound transformation in the world of labor as a consequence of the development of the productive forces that drives out human labor from production. Thus, the crisis of capital creates a superpopulation of the unemployed who, when it exceeds, no longer exercises the function of the reserve industrial army. They become unoccupied, superfluous, subject to discarding as waste in the peripheries of cities without the state guaranteeing them social protection.

In recent decades, research from across the social sciences has demonstrated a strong, consistent and causal link between unemployment and a wide range of negative outcomes. These outcomes go beyond economic problems, incorporating issues such as low well-being, poor health and weak social capital. During the same time, successive UK governments have expanded the use of active labour market programmes (ALMPs): a wide range of interventions that aim to move unemployed people closer to the labour market. ALMPs have been widely evaluated since becoming a central part of UK social policy, yet the majority of studies focus almost exclusively on economic outcomes, such as re-employment and wage levels. This is despite the weight of evidence suggesting unemployment is as much a social problem as an economic one. This discrepancy has led to a small but growing body of research suggesting that ALMPs might play a role in modifying some of the health and social costs of unemployment: beyond simply moving people closer to the labour market. Using a mixed methods research design, this study examines whether ALMPs achieve this by considering four key questions. First, are ALMPs associated with higher well-being, health and social capital compared to the alternative of 'open unemployment'? Second, if there is an association, how robust is this and is there any evidence of a causal function? Third, does the context of an ALMP - such as the specific type of scheme and the kind of participant - matter for understanding outcomes? And fourthly, how and why do people's experiences of unemployment and ALMPs shape their health and well-being? The findings presented in this thesis offer five original contributions to the study of the health and social effects of ALMPs. First, there is a dichotomy in the effects of ALMPs: participants have higher well-being than the openly unemployed but similar health and social capital levels. Second, ALMPs are most effective in changing how participants feel about and evaluate their lives but are largely unsuccessful in mitigating negative emotions like anxiety. These two findings are evident in both cross-sectional and longitudinal data, suggesting the possibility of a causal function of ALMPs. Together, the findings suggest that the positive well-being effects of ALMPs are not necessarily linked to improved health or social capital but because participants begin to think about their lives in a different, more positive way. Third, well-being gains are experienced by both short-term and long-term unemployed people but disappear upon re-employment. This finding has an important implication for policy, with ALMPs seemingly effective as a short-term protective well-being measure. Fourth, this is the first UK study to explore whether ALMPs work more effectively for different types of unemployed people. The findings presented in Chapter Seven show that work-oriented ALMPs are more successful than employment-assistance programmes, whilst men, younger people, those with fewer qualifications, lower occupational status and lower pre-programme well-being experience the largest benefits of participation. Fifth, the qualitative analysis presented in Chapter Eight argues that ALMPs worked best when schemes reversed the perceived ‘losses’ associated with unemployment. Three processes of loss were identified - agency loss, functional loss and status loss – which, it is contended, help explain both the observed effects of ALMPs and the broader experience of unemployment. The thesis concludes with policy suggestions for improving the capacity of ALMPs to mediate the experience of unemployment.

Thesis (M. Ed.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / This mini-dissertation describes the research report carried out at Senwamokgope Township, Greater Letaba Municipality in Limpopo Province where a study was undertaken to investigate the effects of training offered in Expanded Public Works Programme projects on youth employability. The research is undertaken at a time in South Africa where job losses and retrenchment of employees are experienced in all sectors of government and the private sector. The South African government took a serious stance in their approach towards job creation by introducing trainings that are supposedly aimed at creating job opportunities for all citizens across the country with special attention to women and the youths. The aim of my study is to investigate whether the training offered during EPWP projects contribute to youth employability. As the researcher I therefore came up with the following questions;  What are the effects of training offered in the Expanded Public Works Programme on youth employability at Senwamokgope Township? To answer this question adequately I added sub questions. These are listed below;  How many youths according to gender are offered training?  What kind of training is been offered to youths in Expanded Public Works Programme?  How is the training contributing to employability of youths?  What are the characteristics of the youths participating in the Expanded Public Works Programme? ii This study seeks to answer the questions mentioned above. It is an attempt to determine the effects that are brought about by the intervention strategies that government engages its people in order to create work opportunities and jobs. If the effectiveness of the training can be seen it will subsequently serve the purpose of encouraging youth participation in other programmes. Data was collected through interviews. The training provider, 1 contractor, 8 youths and one official from Greater Letaba Municipality were interviewed. The data collected was then analyzed and a detailed report was drawn up with recommendations. The data was analysed using a data matrix and in conclusion the following findings were made.  All youths who went through the training are glad that they were trained .They have achieved skills which they did not have before the training.  The study has revealed that the municipality spends more money in wages on youths according to the labour force.  The effort by government through the municipality in EPWP has brought an increased number of youths in to the work environment and this has reduced the number of idle youths.  This initiative of the government has aroused confidence in the youth and they begin to aspire for greater things.  In the past years the Greater Letaba Municipality has been able to create jobs in Senwamokgope Township where youths benefitted in large numbers

No description available.

Äldre arbetssökande möter svårigheter och hinder när de söker jobb och behöver därför stöd och vägledning. Vår undersökning fyller kunskapsluckan med svaret på om stödet och vägledningen upplevs hjälpa de äldre i sin jobbsökningsprocess. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att förstå hur äldre arbetssökande upplever och förhåller sig till sin ålder i jobbsökningsprocessen. Genom att undersöka och analysera betydelsen av högre ålder och de svårigheter de äldre arbetssökande beskriver på arbetsmarknaden, kan gruppen förstås bättre och därmed erbjudas bättre stöttning och vägledning.Studien genomfördes på ett omställningsföretag i en stad i västsverige som erbjuder specifik stöttning till gruppen äldre genom ett riktat seminarium. Genom metodtriangulering har material samlats in både via en observation av seminariet och djupgående intervjuer. Arbetet har växt fram induktivt och som tolkningsram för att få en förståelse för hur de äldre upplever sin situation på arbetsmarknaden användes Pierre Bourdieus teorier om fält, habitus och kapital samt olika åldersbegrepp.Resultatet bekräftar att äldre arbetssökande möter svårigheter i sin jobbsökningsprocess och dessa hinder förstås som öppen och dold åldersdiskriminering, svårigheter att förstå den nya arbetsmarknaden och det nya sättet att söka jobb, samt individens sätt att hantera sin situation.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis gathered survey data to investigate American willingness to participate in short-time compensation programs and what attributes found in other countries’ programs they find palatable. Because multiple workers in similar states were surveyed online, the data show what various workers need from a short-time compensation program.