It is the curriculum and the syllabus for history that decides what the classbooks will include. The intention with this paper was to found out what Swedish and Norwegian classbooks writes about the union between Norway and Sweden in 1814-1905. The result has been compiled from a study with teaching materials. Two Norwegian and two Swedish books which was written for the elementary school was used in the study. The text in these books has been analysed from a number of questions. The results are showing that the Norwegian books are telling more about the union between Norway and Sweden than what the Swedish books are. The union era take up a lot of space in the Norwegian books, but the Swedish books are not giving the union era so much space. There is no confusion that the union between these two countries means different things for the countries. At the end of the union bacame Norway a sovereignty and the clearance of the constitution still celebrates every year in may 17. The pupils doesn´t receive enough knowledge to put it in a cohesion from the Swedish classbooks.

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<p>Abstract</p><p>Title: How does Europeanization effect Swedish alcohol policy? .</p><p>Titel: Hur påverkar Europeiseringen svensk alkoholpolitik?</p><p>Minor Thesis in Political Science, January 2008</p><p>Author : Markus Gustafsson</p><p>Tutor : Lennart Bergfeldt</p><p>Växjö University</p><p>This essay will deal with the influence which Europeanization has on domestic politics. The case I have chosen is Swedish alcohol policy. Thus, the purpose is to explore whether observed changes in Swedish alcohol policy in the years 1993-2005 can be explained by Swedens´s membership in the European Union. To reach this purpose the following questions need to be answered:</p><p>• What is europeanization?</p><p>• How has Swedish alcohol policy changed from 1993 to 2005?</p><p>• Is it possible to connect the changes in Swedish alcohol policy to a process of Europeanizationprocess?</p><p>The method in this essay has been a qulitative study of litterature. The theory has been europenization and its effects on domestic politics. To conduct the analyse an analyticalmodell have been used.</p><p>My conclusion shows rather clearly that a process of europeanization has been affecting the Swedish alcohol policy. Swedish authorities have been reluctant to change their alcohol policy in the liberal manner that was requested by the European Union, due to consideration for the public health. Traditionally, Swedish authorities have been forced by European Union law to accept significant changes.</p><p>Keywords : Europeanization, Swedish Alcohol policy, The European Union, The Internal Market</p>

Discussions about the democratic deficit of the European Union have gotten more intense and the criticism usually points towards a great gap between the citizens and the EU politics. In this study the political communication policy is being put under the scope to investigate to what extent the policy is designed to counter the democratic deficit, supported by the theory of deliberative democracy. The analysis examines three aspects of the deficit – decentralization, participation and the distribution of information – and makes research into the communicative measures that have been implemented. The importance for EU to make deliberation possible is stressed throughout the essay and in the conclusion I argue that improvements still need to be made.

Diss. Lund : Lunds universitet, 2008.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att utveckla kunskaper om vilka idéer om det europeiska medborgarskapet som förmedlas i undervisning om Europeiska unionen. Detta görs genom att studera svenska läroböcker för gymnasieskolans samhällskunskapsundervisning. Särskilt fokus för analysen ligger vid hur texterna ger uttryck för idéer om medborgares deltagande i EU samt om de beskriver en europeisk tillhörighet och identitet. Detta görs med utgångspunkt i teorin om aktivt medborgarskap. Analysen visar att läroböckerna beskriver det europeiska medborgarskapet både som en status med tillhörande rättigheter och som olika typer av deltagande. Dock beskrivs deltagande främst som en medborgerlig rättighet bland andra och inte i termer av skyldigheter. Analysen visar även att läroböckerna uppmanar eleven att kritiskt reflektera och ta ställning i frågor rörande EU. Detta resultat står i kontrast mot tidigare forskningsresultat som uppvisat att objektiva och okritiska redogörelser av EU dominerar i läromedlen. Slutligen visar analysens hur majoriteten av läroböckerna inte för några direkta resonemang om en europeisk identitet men att flera läroböcker beskriver en gemensam europeisk historia och delade grundläggande värden som fred, frihet, demokrati och mänskliga rättigheter.

This qualitative study highlights changes in the Green Party’s election manifestos through descriptive idea analysis. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the changes the Green Party made in their 1994 election manifesto and the EU election manifestos of 2014 and 2019. This leads to the following research questions: What design changes is made in the manifestos? What ideological changes have been made in the Green Party’s manifestos since joining the EU? How has the perceived threat levelchanged in the manifestos? What strategic recommendations are presented in the manifestos? The theoretical framework is based on Heywood's and Larsson's ideas on green ideology/ecologism, where Larsson also clarifies the concept of grassroot democracy. Literature and previous research address the emergence of environmental problems and how the Green Party tries to position itself to gain more power through coalitions. Additionally, the concept of Europeanization is discussed. Using the theoretical framework and previous research, an analysis scheme was created to identify changes in the manifestos. The results show that the Green Party must primarily move away from its ideological stance on direct democracy, military buildup, opposition to the EU, and views on supranationalism. The changes in recommendations revealed by the analysis indicate that the Green Party is actively trying to influence the EU rather than acting as opposition. This can be explained by Bomberg’s two-way process, which involves the mutual interaction between the EU and its member states.

Att elever får kunskaper om EU och att de får förutsättningar att kunna påverka på EU-nivå är viktigt ur en demokratisk synvinkel, detta klargörs även i skolans styrdokument. EU-undervisningen verkar dock vara bristfällig, särskilt när det kommer till att göra elever kompetenta till att delta. Läroböcker är en värdefull resurs som används bland annat till planering av undervisning och som stöd till elevers lärande. Därför ämnar denna uppsats till att undersöka fem svenska samhällskunskapsläroböcker för kurserna Samhällskunskap 1–3, mer specifikt undersöka hur de framställer EU. Syftet som är tvådelat är att analysera likheter och skillnader i omfattning, innehåll, och djup, samt identifiera och belysa de diskurser som råder i EU-avsnitten. Resultatet indikerar att läroböcker har ett primärt fokus på EU:s organisation och lite uppmärksamhet ges till att involvera läsaren angående EU-frågor. Dessutom präglas den bild av EU som reproduceras av ett synsätt som ser EU som något opålitligt och till viss del problematiskt. Genom att belysa hur olika diskurser kommer till uttryck har uppsatsen som ambition att bidra till lärares didaktiska beslutsfattande. Med hjälp av de exempel som används i uppsatsen för att belysa hur olika diskurser reproduceras kan lärare fatta medvetna didaktiska beslut och komplettera ens undervisning och innehåll så elever får goda förutsättningar att leva och verka i ett demokratiskt samhälle.