O crescimento urbano tem provocado alterações no ambiente natural, na medida em que são construídos grandes empreendimentos para atender à demanda da sociedade, por suas necessidades e pela busca de uma melhor qualidade de vida. Contudo, a inserção do meio ambiente artificial em meio à natureza tem alterado a paisagem urbana e provocado diversas consequências no Direito, tanto ambiental quanto urbanístico. Assim, a pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar os impactos produzidos pelo empreendimento BarraShoppingSul, sob aspectos físicos, sociais, econômicos e ambientais na comunidade do entorno. A metodologia de pesquisa considerou os procedimentos técnicos de coleta de dados, em três formas: bibliográficos, documentais e a aplicação de questionário à parte da população da área de influência. A amostra de participantes do estudo foi de 384 (trezentos e oitenta e quatro), assegurando uma margem de confiabilidade de 95%. Os resultados revelam que, muito embora o público da pesquisa tenha se manifestado no sentido de haver melhorias, mesmo na ocorrência de impactos ambientais decorrentes da construção do empreendimento e demonstrando, de certa forma, estar satisfeito com a modernidade implementada, há precariedade no conhecimento da temática meio ambiente, mais precisamente em identificar problemas que interferem de alguma forma no ecossistema em que vivem. Isso os torna carentes de uma visão mais ampla da questão e dos fatos que os cercam cotidianamente. Conclui-se que a intervenção do homem na natureza sempre provoca impactos, e a consciência que deve ungir os homens é a planetária, pela qual se tem, como ponto primordial, que a Terra é a casa de todos, cabendo a todos o dever de cuidá-la. / Urban growth has led to changes in the natural environment as large developments are built to meet the demand of society for their needs and for seeking a better quality of life. However, insertion of the artificial environment in nature has changed the urban landscape and led to several consequences in law, both environmental and urban. Thus, this research aimed to check the impacts produced by the venture “Barra Shopping Sul” under physical, social, economic and environmental conditions in the surrounding community. The methodology considered the technical procedures of data collection in three ways: bibliographic, documentary and a questionnaire to the population of the area of influence. The number of the study participants was 384 (three hundred eighty-four), ensuring a margin of 95% reliability. The results show that although the public research has manifested in the sense that there are improvements, even in the occurrence of environmental impacts from construction of the project and demonstrating in a way, they are satisfied with modernity implemented, there is a lack of knowledge of thematic environment, more precisely to identify problems that interfere in any way the ecosystems in which they live. This makes them lack of a wider view of the issue and the facts that surround them daily. We conclude that human intervention in nature always causes impacts and that the awareness should lead men and the global planet, in which it has as primary point that is the Earth is everybody’s home and everyone has the duty to take care of it.

Orientador: Silvia Aparecida Mikami Gonçalves Pina / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T21:46:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lage_ManuelaRibeiro_M.pdf: 31004324 bytes, checksum: 9d9b38486a39f33fcb261d8542acd6d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Na formação das cidades brasileiras verifica-se uma participação significativa das áreas habitacionais na conformação do território, embora essa ocupação não venha recebendo correspondente atenção da administração municipal. Essa falta de preocupação tem gerado diversos problemas para sua população como para a cidade como um todo, inclusive para cidades vizinhas quando caracterizada a conurbação. Esta pesquisa tem como premissa o entendimento que a ocupação urbanística do território obediente às lógicas segregacionistas expurga para os anéis periféricos os conjuntos habitacionais sociais que, por sua vez, contagiam os bairros vizinhos com sua precariedade e pobreza. A iniciativa pública, por sua vez, tem contribuído para essa lógica de estruturação territorial ao implantar os conjuntos habitacionais de interesse social em áreas afastadas e carentes de infraestrutura, serviços urbanos e de equipamentos coletivos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a ocorrência e os efeitos que este tipo de ocupação territorial provoca em município de base territorial de dimensão reduzida e localizado em área conurbada. Para tanto, realiza um estudo sobre o caso da cidade de Americana na região metropolitana de Campinas- SP. A análise contribui para um novo olhar frente ao futuro desenvolvimento e ocupação do município, especialmente no que diz respeito às novas áreas habitacionais e ao apoio àquelas existentes e apresenta recomendações no sentido de fomentar planos de ação e gestão entre os municípios conurbados envolvidos / Abstract: In the formation of the Brazilian cities we can observe a significant participation of housing areas in territory occupation although this kind of appropriation is target of attention of the municipal administration. This lack of worry has been creating a lot of problems as for the population as for the whole city, and even for the neighboring cities when the trouble conurbation is observed. This research objectives the territory urbanistic that follows the segregation logic that push the low income housing for the periphery rings and the low income housing that in their turn contaminate the neighboring places with poverty and precariousness. . The public enterprise also reinforce this kind of territorial occupation when it introduces the social low income housing into far areas without infrastructure, urban service and collectives equipments. The purpose of this research is to analyze which are the effects that this kind of territorial occupation causes in cities with reduced lands and into conurbation areas. For that, it makes a studying about the case of Americana city in the Campinas metropolitan region. We hope that analyzes contributes to a new vision of the public management in relation of the future development and the city occupation mainly in the housing areas and giving support to the existing ones and presents recommendations to encourage planes of action and management between conurbated cities / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Biofiltros em Areia (BFAs) estão sendo aperfeiçoados e testados no Brasil com intuito de auxiliar comunidades carentes que são menos favorecidas em relação à água de boa qualidade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a qualidade da água tratada pelos BFAs a partir de bioensaios de toxicidade, utilizando larvas do inseto Chironomus sancticaroli, oligoqueto Allonais inaequalis e peixes da espécie Danio rerio, analisando possíveis efeitos tóxicos que possam estar presentes quando a água entra em contato com o PVC do corpo do BFA, além de avaliar a toxicidade da água do poço (AP), captada para abastecimento do BFA. Nos testes de toxicidade agudo (com duração de 96h), crônico (8 dias) e testes mais longos (16 dias) com Chironomus sancticaroli, utilizou-se 240mL da solução-teste (água proveniente do BFA ou AP) em 60g de sedimento controle (areia branca fina para aquário) em 4 réplicas, sendo utilizados 6 larvas de IV ínstar por réplica no teste de toxicidade agudo e de I ínstar nos testes de toxicidade crônico e testes mais longos, alimentadas com 5mL de solução contendo 1000mL de água deionizada e 5,0g de ração tipo Tetramim®. Nos testes de toxicidade agudo e crônico com Allonais inaequalis, foram utilizados 100mL da solução-teste em 5g de sedimento controle em quatro réplicas, sendo utilizados 6 organismos por réplica, alimentados com 5mL de solução contendo 1000mL de água deionizada e 2,0g de ração tipo Tetramim® , com duração de 96h e 10 dias, respectivamente. Foram realizados apenas testes de toxicidade agudo com D. rerio no qual utilizou-se 1000mL de solução-teste e 2 organismos por réplica, em duas réplicas, com duração de 48h, sem alimentação. Os resultados apontam para uma baixa toxicidade do Biofiltro em Areia em relação às três espécies testadas. Além de um índice alto de sobrevivência, a espécie C. sancticaroli concluiu seu ciclo em testes mais longos (16 dias), além de reproduzir-se; a espécie A. inaequalis apresentou 100% de sobrevivência em todos os testes realizados; e não houve mortalidade nos testes de toxicidade agudo com D. rerio. Porém, é importante destacar que estes resultados indicam apenas dados toxicológicos para fauna em relação as efluentes testados, não sendo possível responder a questões de potabilidade da água tratada pelo BFA. Esta dissertação é parte integrante de um projeto financiado pela FAPESP (Processo nº 2014/12712-8), intitulado \"Construção e desempenho de filtros lentos domiciliares conforme a realidade das comunidades isoladas do Brasil\" que esteve sob coordenação da Profa. Dra. Lyda Patricia Sabogal Paz e do Prof. Dr. Juliano José Corbi. / Sand Biofilters (SBFs) are being refined and tested in Brazil. These studies are intended to assist needy communities with difficulties to access drinking water. The aim of the current study is analyze the quality of water treated by SBFs, using toxicity bioassays with larvae of fly Chironomus sancticaroli, oligochaete Allonais inaequalis and zebrafishes Danio rerio, as well as verify the occurrence of possible toxic effects of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride), a material component of SBFs\' structure, and also evaluate the toxicity of well water quality (AP), extracted to supply the SBF. In the acute toxicity tests (lasting 96h), chronic (lasting 8 days) and longer tests (lasting 16 days), all involving Chironomus sancticaroli, it was placed 240mL of sample solution (water from SBF or AP) in 60g of sterile sediment (fine white sand for aquarium) in four replicates, where was added 6 larvae (IV instar) in each replicate for the acute toxicity test, and larvae of I instar for chronic toxicity tests, even as in the longer tests. The organisms were fed by 5mL of Tetramim ® solution (5g/L). In the acute and chronic toxicity tests with Allonais inaequalis, it was applied 100mL of sample solution with 5g of sterile sand in four replicates, as above, it was added 6 organisms by replicate, fed by Tetramim ® (2,0g/L) for both tests, with lasting of 96h and 10 days, respectively. It was performed only tests of acute toxicity for D. rerio in which was added 1000mL of sample solution and 2 organisms for each replicate, with two replicates, with duration of 48h, without feeding. The results showed a low toxicity of sand Biofilters\' effluent in relation to the three species exposed to the liquid. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a high index of survival, even in longer tests (16 days lasting) with C. sancticaroli when the organisms could conclude their life cycle. However, besides the 100% of survival in all test, for the A. inaequalis were also observed reproduction; and in the acute toxicity tests for D. rerio it wasn\'t noticed mortality. Although, it is important to highlight that these results represent only toxicological data concerning to aquatic wildlife exposed to effluents, what is not regarding to potability issues of the water treated by SBF. This dissertation is a constituent part of a project financiad by FAPESP (Process number 2014/12712-8), entitled \"Building and performance of domiciliary slow filters according to the isolated comunities reality in Brazil\" which was coordinated by Professors PhD. Lyda Patricia Sabogal Paz and PhD. Juliano José Corbi.

Rapid urban growth and unprecedented rural to urban transition, along with a huge population growth are new phenomena for both high and low income countries, which started in the mid-20th century. However, urban growth rates and patterns are different in developed countries and developing ones. In less developed countries, urbanization and rural to urban transition usually takes place in an unmanaged way and they are associated with a series of socioeconomical and environmental issues and problems. Identification of the city growth trends in past decades can help urban planners and managers to minimize these negative impacts. In this research, urban growth in the city of Isfahan, Iran, is the subject of study. Isfahan the third largest city in Iran has experienced a huge urban growth and population boom during the last three decades. This transition led to the destruction of natural and agricultural lands and environmental pollutions. Historical and recent remotely sensed data, along with different remote sensing techniques and methods have been used by researchers for urban land use and land cover change detection. In this study three Landsat TM and ETM+ images of the study site, acquired in 1985, 2000 and 2009 are used. Before starting processing, radiometric normalization is done to minimize the atmospheric effects. Then, processing methods including principal component analysis (PCA), vegetation indices and supervised classification are implemented on the images. Accuracy assessment of the PCA method showed that the first PC was responsible for more than 81% of the total variance, and therefore used for analysis of PCA differencing. ΔPC1t1-t2 shows the amount of changes in land use and land cover during the period of study. In this study ten vegetation indices were selected to be applied to the 1985 image. Accuracy assessments showed that Transformed Differencing Vegetation Index (TDVI) is the most sensitive and accurate index for mapping vegetation in arid and semi-arid urban areas. Hence, TDVI was applied to the 2000 and 2009 images. ΔTDVIt1-t2 showed the changes in land use and land cover especially the land use transformation from vegetation cover into the urban class. Supervised classification is the last method applied to the images. Training sites were assigned for the selected classes and accuracy was monitored during the process of training site selection. The results of classification show the expansion of urban class and diminishment in natural and agricultural lands.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-15T14:32:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Nicolle Lagos de Melo Nogueira.pdf: 6595592 bytes, checksum: 3addd91d17b83db7049eb2c3d95ed483 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T14:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Nicolle Lagos de Melo Nogueira.pdf: 6595592 bytes, checksum: 3addd91d17b83db7049eb2c3d95ed483 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / FACEPE / Esta pesquisa aborda a relação do crescimento urbano e meio ambiente no bairro Barra de Jangada no município Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco. Sustenta-se que existe uma relação entre a aceleração desse crescimento com a degradação do meio ambiente natural da região. O objetivo foi analisar a dinâmica territorial urbana e suas transformações socioespacais, utilizando material cartográfico, no bairro Barra de Jangada, que a partir de 2010 passou a receber influência do desenvolvimento econômico da região como a construção do empreendimento imobiliário Reserva do Paiva e dos investimentos do Poder Público no Complexo Industrial e Portuário Suape, localizados no município vizinho, o Cabo de Santo Agostinho. O empreendimento imobiliário Reserva do Paiva trouxe ao bairro Barra de Jangada uma nova configuração espacial e socioeconômica com empreendimentos imobiliários de verticalização para atender uma classe social de alta renda, enquanto o Complexo Industrial e Portuário Suape trouxe ao bairro uma classe social de renda inferior em busca de oportunidade de trabalho. Rotulada como “Nova Barra”, uma nova realidade espacial da orla contracena com a velha Barra de Jangada de classe social de renda mais baixa que a Nova Barra, e em boa parte destituída de infraestrutura básica. A região abriga o ecossistema litorâneo como os manguezais, além de parte da rede hidrográfica do rio Jaboatão como o seu estuário, sendo importante um estudo que sirva para discussão do planejamento urbano da região, avaliando as áreas de grande fragilidade e sua capacidade de suportar a crescente ocupação urbana, além de contribuir para gestão pública em recuperar áreas degradadas e importantes para a manutenção do ecossistema litorâneo. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram realizados revisão bibliográfica, observações in loco, coletados dados sociais do IBGE e desenvolvida uma análise multitemporal a partir do processamento de imagens com softwares livres no auxílio da gestão territorial e que mostraram a tendência do crescimento urbano da área. / This research addresses the urban relationship growth and the environment of Barra de Jangada district in Jaboatão dos Guararapes city, Pernambuco. It is argued that there is a relationship between the acceleration of this growth with the degradation of the natural environment of the region. The purpose was to analyze the urban land dynamics and its sociospatial transformations using cartographic material, in Barra de Jangada district, where from 2010 began to receive influence of economic development of the region as the construction development Reserva do Paiva and government investments in the Industrial and Port Complex of Suape, located in the Cabo de Santo Agostinho, border with Jaboatão dos Guararapes. The estate development Reserva do Paiva brought Barra de Jangadas neighborhood a new spatial and socio-economic configuration with vertical project to further a social class of high income, while the Industrial and Port Complex Suape brought the neighborhood a social class income below in search job opportunity. Called Nova Barra, a new spatial reality around beachfront acts with the old Barra of social class with the lowest income that New Barra, and largely devoid of basic infrastructure. The region is place of the coastal ecosystem as mangroves, and part of the river system of the Jaboatão river as its estuary, it is important to a study that fits discussion of urban planning in the region, assessing the areas of great fragility and its ability to support the growing urban occupation, and contribute to public management in recovering degraded areas and important for maintaining the coastal ecosystem. For the development of research were conducted a literature review, on-site observations, collected social data from the IBGE and developed a multitemporal analysis from image processing with free software to aid the territorial management which showed the trend of urban growth area.

Les capitales Africaines font face à une croissance urbaine grandissante qui s’accompagne de multiples défis. Ces villes sont de plus en plus perçues par les ruraux comme la destination idéale pour échapper à la précarité du milieu rural. Cette vision des centres urbains contribue à l’amplification de l’exode rural dans ces régions, où la macrocéphalie reste une réalité. À l’instar de beaucoup de pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne, il existe un déséquilibre de la hiérarchie urbaine au Mali. Bamako la capitale Malienne représente 55,3 % de la population urbaine du pays (INSTAT, 2009). Les villes secondaires du pays sont moins dynamiques et attirent de moins en moins les ruraux compte tenu de leurs niveaux de développement. La centralisation de tous les grands équipements et sièges d’institutions importants du pays à Bamako fait qu’elle est la destination favorite des ruraux.L’urbanisation accrue de la ville se traduit spatialement par un étalement croissant. En vingt-huit ans, la tache urbaine de la ville de Bamako a augmenté de 7290 ha. Elle est passée de 17 % et 1986 à 32 % en 2014. Durant cette période, il y a eu beaucoup d’aménagements dans le District de Bamako. Mais elle a été marquée davantage par le développement remarquable de la rive droite qui accueille de nos jours la majorité de la population bamakoise. Le rythme soutenu de cette croissance a conduit à l’épuisement des réserves foncières de la ville. Depuis une dizaine d’années, les réserves foncières des communes environnantes sont mobilisées pour résoudre les besoins fonciers de Bamako. À cela s’ajoute la réorientation des citadins en quête de propriété vers ces communes environnantes, agrandissant la pression foncière dans ces localités.L’épuisement de la réserve foncière de Bamako se traduit par une rurbanisation des communes environnantes. À partir de l’analyse de la dynamique spatiale de Baguinéda, Sanankoroba, Siby et Dio-gare, il s’est avéré que la plupart des communes environnantes de Bamako étaient quasiment des villages bien avant l’an 2000. L’année 2000 a été marquée par un démarrage de la croissance urbaine de ces localités. Entre 1999 et 2006, la tache urbaine des communes environnantes a évolué en moyenne de 17 %. Ce rythme de croissance de 17 % en sept ans est assez soutenu, et reflète l’influence de Bamako sur ces localités, sachant que les dernières réserves importantes de Bamako ont été consommées entre 1998 et 2000. Entre 2006 et 2014, la tache urbaine de ces localités a évolué en moyenne de 74 %. Ce rythme de croissance des localités environnantes de Bamako est assez alarmant. D’où la nécessité de prendre des dispositions pour stopper l’étalement spatial de ces communes. L’une des solutions reste la migration vers la construction à hauteur. Dans l’agglomération Bamakoise, 51 % des ménages sont favorables à l’instauration de la construction verticale (6.6.2.1 La préférence des logements à étage pour les ménages). Cette forme de construction est perçue comme une opportunité d’accéder à la propriété du logement.Les défis auxquels la capitale malienne fait face sont nombreux. Parmi les défis majeurs, il y a l’accès à un logement décent, aux équipements et services urbains au sein de la ville. Les programmes urbains en cours ne favorisent pas l’accès à la propriété du logement pour le plus grand nombre. Cette situation a débouché à la mise en place d’une stratégie d’adaptation par des ménages. Cette stratégie passe par une série d’épargne (achat d’une parcelle, construction et déménagement) pour accéder à la propriété du logement. Le paradoxe de cette stratégie est qu’elle n’est pas maîtrisée et favorise aussi la spéculation foncière au sein de l’agglomération. Les ménages en quête de propriété s’installent parfois dans des zones à risque (lit de cours d’eau, flanc de colline, etc.) sans aucune desserte par les réseaux. / The fast growing African capital cities are facing several challenges. Perceived by rural people as a way to escape from their precarious livelihood, the capital cities remain the key destination for migrants coming from rural areas. This rural migration to capital cities is leading to disproportionate growth of these cities compare to other urban areas. Like other sub-Saharan countries, Mali is no exception to this phenomenon. Bamako the capital city of Mali is reported to accommodate 55.3% of the urban population of the country (INSTAT, 2009) whereas the underdeveloped secondary cities are less attractive to rural migrants. The aggregation of the bulk of equipment and national institutions of the country is one of the explanation to the phenomenon.The urbanisation process is then characterised by the continuing spatial spread-out of these cities. Over twenty eight years, the urban stain of Bamako has recorded an increase of 7290 ha including 17% growth in 1986 and 32% in 2014. Although several infrastructures have been developed over that period, the spatial enlargement was characterised by an outstanding expansion of the right-hand bank (of the River Niger) that hosts nowadays the bulk of Bamako population. Since a decade, the land reserves of neighbouring constituencies are officially used to fulfil the land needs of Bamako. This situation is compounded by the pursuit by urban population of land ownership, thus exacerbating the pressure on land resources of these constituencies.The depletion of the land reserves of Bamako is having an influence on the urbanisation of neighbouring constituencies. An analysis of the spatial dynamic of 4 nearest constituencies to Bamako viz. Baguineda, Sanankoroba, Siby and Dio-Gare shows that these areas were no more than villages before they start urbanising in 2000. From 1999 to 2006 the urban stains of these constituencies have recorded an average growth of 17%. The growth rate of 17% over seven years was quite sustained to reflect the way Bamako was encroaching on these constituencies. It is worth noting that the last important land reserves of Bamako were used between 1998 and 2000. This alarming spatial growth rate of the neighbouring constituencies begs for immediate measures. One of the solutions remains the shift towards the construction of high buildings. In Bamako cities, 51% of the households proved favourable to vertical buildings perceived as an opportunity to facilitate housing ownership.Indeed, the Malian capital city is facing several challenges including the access to appropriate housing, equipment, and urban services. The ongoing urbanisation programmes failed to fulfil the expectations of the great majority of households which ended up by finding their own adaptation strategy. The strategy consists of striving to save money in the view to acquire plots of land for housing. However the paradox of this situation is that it grows out of control to create conditions for high competition and dishonest businesses around land. Risk prone areas such as river beds, hill edges are more often invaded by household sin quest of ownership to housing though they have no access to urban services.

Population living along the coast are at risk of losing land, households, and economic resources due to the hazards of coastal erosion. Scientific research has indicated that 70% of the planet's sandy coastal environment is being impacted by coastal erosion. Due to the different characteristics of the lands in the coastal zone versus other areas, it is important to understand how the hazard of shoreline erosion contributes to subsequent land use change in affected coastal regions. This study analyzes how the level of erosion, land loss, and developed land loss performs when added with the default land use change parameters such as existing developed land proximity, proximity to forested areas, population, transportation, etc. Sample points of 1020 from 10 years and 15 years of shoreline erosion data for the lower Meghna River estuary of Southeast Bangladesh have been obtained and from there, different erosion statistics have been developed. Developed land use data has been collected from ESA's World Settlement Footprint dataset and other datasets are also collected from secondary data sources. Logistic regression modeling shows that there are verified contributions of proximity to erosion and amount of land loss with the probability of developed land use conversion in the study area. Adding the variables of environmental hazards increases the prediction accuracy by 2-3% and overall, the models are at least 85% accurate. / Master of Science / Population living along the coast are at risk of losing land, households, and economic resources due to the hazards of coastal erosion. The coast of the Lower Meghna estuary in Bangladesh is a region experiencing chronic and severe shoreline erosion that causes the land to be lost to estuarine waters. This research quantifies the amount of land lost to erosion with a special focus on the amount of developed land that is lost. Developed land in this study is defined as a built-up area typically composed of buildings and roads. The research also evaluates the effects of lost land on the subsequent conversion of interior land from a non-developed to developed status. The main contribution is to quantitatively identify the association between the erosion-induced land loss to future land use conversion. Using statistical modeling and digital mapping methods, results show that loss of land is associated with the subsequent conversion of non-developed land to developed land use. In particular, conversion has a higher probability at sites that are located more distant from the eroding shoreline that also are proximal to shoreline sites with higher rates of erosion-induced land loss. These results are suggestive of a relocation process where previously lost developed land is reestablished at interior sites within five kilometers of the eroding shoreline.

The catalyst for the urban growth of Skipton during the formative period of the modern town between 1865 and 1914 was indigenous investment and organisational change in cotton textiles in the aftermath of the Cotton Famine. Railway investment also played an important, although lesser part. The process was facilitated notably by the relaxation of policy on land tenure by the principal landowner and by the work of a well managed local authority. The resulting net in-migration, along with the internal redistribution of population necessitated by the extension of commercial and other services in the town centre, was accommodated by house building in clusters which were either aligned with or removed from the main factory sites. This gave rise to a distinctive pattern of social and spatial segregation, the distribution of which was governed principally by the need for factories to have access to water supplies for steam raising and condensing. Thus the canal corridor beyond the existing built-up area was subject to textile colonisation while wholly residential development was more closely associated with existing high status housing elsewhere. The study considers the processes involved in creating this pattern of development with particular reference to the values and activities of the principal decision-makers. It also discusses the resultant shift in power and influence from the principal landowner to the local authority and to industrial and commercial interests which increasingly were based outside the town. Arising from this a model of urban growth is proposed and tested against neighbouring small textile towns.

The increasing urbanization of the greater Salt Lake City area (GSLA) has contributed to the development of an urban canopy over this area. This canopy refers to the effects of building profiles, varying land surface properties and anthropogenic heating on local meteorological conditions including temperature, humidity, and wind velocity. Urban Canopy Models (UCMs) can be used to represent these characteristics on a mesoscale without needing to develop models accounting for effects of individual buildings. One method used to classify urban areas are Local Climate Zones (LCZs), which assign different properties to different types of urban areas. A baseline model that represents current GSLA conditions was developed using a series of sensitivity studies, which focused on the effects of mesh resolution, land surface models, UCMs, anthropogenic heating rates and LCZ urban classifications. The baseline model was validated using measured meteorological data. Four urban growth scenarios were compared to this baseline model to evaluate the effects of future growth on local 2-meter air temperatures, 2-meter relative humidity, and 10-meter wind speed. Results showed increased urban density did not affect daytime temperatures within the GSLA, but did significantly increase local nighttime temperatures. The effects of anthropogenic heating rates were most noticeable during early nighttime hours. Also, increased urbanization affected local temperatures, but did not appear to have "downwind" effects on other areas. A User Guide documenting the modeling approach was developed to support additional studies.

No description available.