Entre la fin des années 1960 et les années 1980, la ville de Paris a connu à la fois une période de grande transformation urbaine et un changement dans les stratégies de cette transformation par rapport aux héroïques Trente Glorieuses. L'analyse de ces modifications architecturales et urbaines et les processus de leur mise en œuvre sont souvent basés sur le point de vue de la morphologique ou des politiques urbaines. De plus, en France, l'étude des processus de décision et des transformations urbaines relève des sciences sociales. Cela a abouti à une malheureuse séparation des approches académiques: l'une portant sur la recherche du lien entre les politiques ou les théories de la communauté architecturale et les projets, alors que l'autre considère l'espace urbain déjà transformé comme un point de départ pour l'analyse sociale. Cette recherche vise à étudier l'écart entre ces deux approches méthodologiques influentes en France dans les années 1970 et 1980, grâce à une étude dans le domaine de l'histoire urbaine. Le principal objectif de la thèse est d'explorer le rôle de l'Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (ci-après APUR), une entité bureaucratique chargée de tâches multiples, dans le contexte du décalage entre rénovation et forme urbaine quant à la ville de Paris. Entre 1967 et 1989, l'APUR a joué un rôle essentiel dans la traduction du passage susmentionné en termes opérationnels, en créant un lien avec les institutions qui ont le pouvoir de transformer de vastes zones de la capitale française. Cela fut possible grâce au processus de négociation entre des institutions entre elles et avec les architectes et designers urbains dans lequel APUR a joué un rôle important. Dans ce contexte, la recherche étudiera également la relation entre les références culturelles et les processus par lesquels les espaces urbains sont convertis. Deux cas d'études nous permettent d'analyser ces changements urbains et le rôle joué par l'APUR: les transformations des Halles Centrales de Paris, et les projets pour le Secteur de la Villette, en particulier ceux de la place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, de 1985 à 1989) et le Parc de la Villette au cours du premier concours organisé par l'APUR (1976).Ces deux cas sont liés. D'une part, ils illustrent un point de vue culturel; d'autre part, ils rendent compte des processus institutionnels et politiques, montrant une transformation qui s'est produite dans toute la ville. Enfin, ils croisent la trajectoire de certains des personnages les plus emblématiques de l'architecture française de l'époque. L'un d'eux était Bernard Huet, un enseignant, théoricien, critique et concepteur qui a joué un rôle fondamental dans la définition d'un nouveau paradigme culturel. La recherche montre un changement dans le processus de transformation de l'espace urbain à Paris. Les pratiques sont passées de projets qui ont été générés par un débat animé, fortement lié aux sciences sociales contemporaines françaises, à une normalisation successive des projets urbains et d'un imaginaire urbain ainsi qu'à une légitimation culturelle de l'APUR. Le rôle crucial de l'APUR dans les deux cas d'études est analysé en comparant les archives de l'Atelier, celles des architectes impliqués dans les projets urbains ainsi que les fonds ministériels et présidentiels. Les sources orales sont limitées à un rôle de contrôle. Enfin ce travail vise à mettre en évidence le processus de « faire la ville » en soulignant le rôle d'une bureaucratie publique dans les transformations urbaines qui mènent, entre 1967 et 1989,à la conception contemporaine de la ville de Paris / Between the end of the 1960s and the 1980s, the city of Paris faced a period of extensive urban transformation and a change in the strategies of this transformation at the same time, in comparison with the heroic Trente Glorieuses. The analysis of these architectural and urban changes and the processes of implementation, are often based on a morphological or a policiy-oriented perspective. Moreover, in France, the study of decision-making processes and urban transformation falls within the scope of social sciences. This has resulted in an unfortunate separation of academic approaches: one focusing on finding the link between the theories of the architectural community or policies and the projects, while the other taking the already transformed urban space as a starting point for social analysis. This research aims to investigate the gap between these two methodological approaches, both influential in France during the 1970s and 1980s, through an urban history-oriented study. The main goal of the thesis is to explore the role of the Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (hereafter APUR), a bureaucratic entity charged of several different tasks, within the shift from urban renovation to urban form, concerning the city of Paris.Between 1967 and 1989, the APUR had an essential part in translating the aforementioned shift into operative terms, in connection with those institutions that had the power to transform large areas of the French capital. This was possible thanks to a negotiation process involving different institutions , as well as architects and urban designers, in which APUR took a major role. In this context the research will also investigate the relationship between the cultural references and the processes through which urban spaces have been converted. Two case studies allow an analysis of these urban changes and of the role played by the APUR: the transformations of the Halles Centrales of Paris, and the projects for the secteur de la Villette, especially those for Place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, 1985-89) and Parc de la Villette during the first competition organized by APUR (1976).These two cases are intertwined. On one hand, they illustrate a cultural point of view; on the other hand, they give an account of institutional and political processes, showing a transformation that occurred throughout the whole city. Finally, they cross the trajectory of some of the most emblematic figures in French architecture at that time. One of them was Bernard Huet, a teacher, theorist, critic and designer who played an fundamental role in the definition of a new cultural paradigm. The research shows a change in the process of transformation of urban space in Paris. The practices shifted from projects which were generated through vivid debate, strongly linked to contemporary French social sciences, to a later standardization of urban projects and urban imaginaire and a cultural legitimation of APUR. The central role of APUR in the two case studies is analysed by comparing the Atelier's archives, the ones of the architects involved in the urban projects as well as the ministerial and presidential ones. Oral sources are restricted to a control role. In the end this work aims to highlight the process of city-making trough the role of a public bureaucracy within urban transformations: an active contribution which led, between 1967 and 1989, to the definition of the contemporary conception of the city of Paris

abstract: Despite widespread acknowledgement of the need for transformation towards sustainability, the majority of cities appear stuck in incremental change instead of far-reaching, radical change. While there are numerous obstacles to transformational change, one critical aspect is the process of selecting impactful sustainability programs. The unique and complex nature of sustainability suggests a different approach is needed to program selection than is normal. But, to what extent are cities adapting selection processes in response to sustainability and what effect does this have on sustainable urban transformation? Could there be a more effective process to select programs with greater transformational potential? This dissertation investigates these questions using case studies and action research to add to the general knowledge of urban sustainability program selection and to develop practical knowledge (solutions) for more effective sustainable urban transformation. The dissertation consists of three studies. Study 1 uses a case study approach to investigate existing sustainability program selection processes in three cities: Avondale, USA; Almere, the Netherlands; and Freiburg, Germany. These cities all express commitment to sustainability but have varying degrees of sustainable development experience, accomplishment, and recognition. Study 2 develops a program selection framework for urban sustainable transformation drawing extensively from the literature on sustainability assessment and related fields, and on participatory input from municipal practitioners in Avondale and Almere. Study 3 assesses the usefulness of the framework in a dual pilot study. Participatory workshops were conducted in which the framework was applied to real-world situations: (i) with the city’s sustainability working group in Avondale; and (ii) with a local energy cooperative in Almere. Overall, findings suggest cities are not significantly adapting program selection processes in response to the challenges of sustainability. Processes are often haphazard, opportunistic, driven elite actors, and weakly aligned with sustainability principles and goals, which results in selected programs being more incremental than transformational. The proposed framework appears effective at opening up the range of program options considered, stimulating constructive deliberation among participants, and promoting higher order learning. The framework has potential for nudging program selection towards transformational outcomes and more deeply embedding sustainability within institutional culture. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2015

The forced movement of people from one place to another due to mining is not a new phenomenon. As the mining becomes more intensive, external consequences arise that forces the displacement of people. In this paper, I will investigate the unique case of Kiruna, Sweden where not only the people but also the whole town is being relocated. This move is being coordinated between the different stakeholders involved but mainly by the municipality and the mining company, Luossavaara- Kiirunavaara Aktiebolag (LKAB), which is also covering most of the cost for the relocation. In this research, I aimed at determining how urban planning from a sustainable development view was conducted from scratch and analyzed the public participation in the relocation. An elite interview, text -based documents along with a SWOT analysis were qualitative methods used in this study. The elite interviews and the development plan demonstrated that Kiruna is planning to build a compact city with mixed land use and public places that are easily accessible. Sherry Arnstein´s ladder was used to study citizen participation where it showed a tokenism participation that includes informing, placation and consultation showing that LKAB is shaping the move. In addition, the SWOT analysis showed that the strength and opportunities of the urban transformation were considerably more as opposed to the weakness and threats. In conclusion, this study can be used as an example for future towns that may be displaced and asses the different problems that may arise due to relocation.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-20T17:18:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) versão final dissertação REVISÃO FINAL DIGITAL.compressed.pdf: 2767152 bytes, checksum: 975f022451bd4b5d2001044288a7eb2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-20T17:18:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) versão final dissertação REVISÃO FINAL DIGITAL.compressed.pdf: 2767152 bytes, checksum: 975f022451bd4b5d2001044288a7eb2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPES / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar as implicações da Regulação Urbanística no Ordenamento e Produção do Espaço Urbano, tendo como objeto um estudo analítico sobre as consequências da aplicação dos instrumentos normativos da Lei Municipal Nº 16.176/96 no Bairro de Boa Viagem, em Recife, PE. A dissertação está apoiada em um referencial teórico sobre o Papel do Estado na Regulação do Espaço Urbano, a Função Urbanística da Legislação, os Instrumentos de Regulação Urbana no Brasil no Marco da Constituição Federal de 1988 e a regulação urbana estatal e as suas reformulações a partir do Estatuto da Cidade. O campo empírico centra-se na avaliação dos impactos da Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo - 16.176/96, no bairro de Boa Viagem, verificando como a ação do mercado imobiliário se vincula aos parâmetros urbanísticos, na forma como foram aplicados. Analisa-se, também, a influência desses atores - poder público e instituições privadas ligadas ao mercado da construção civil, seus interesses e as consequências para a transformação da paisagem urbana na qual foram aplicadas. / The research presented here aims to evaluate the implications of urbanistic regulation in the ordering and production of urban space, and has as object of study an analytic study about the consequences of the application of the normative instruments of Municipal Law number 16.176/96 in the Boa Viagem district burrough, in Recife, Pernambuco. This thesis is supported by a theoretical background concerning the role of the State in the regulation of urban space, the urbanistic function of legislation, the instruments for urban regulation in the 1988 Federal Constitution, and the State-sponsored urban regulation and its reformulation after the passing of the "Estatuto da Cidade". The empirical portion focuses on the evalution of the impacts of the "Use and Occupation of Land Law" in Boa Viagem, by analyzing how the dynamics of the real estate market are linked to urbanistic parameters, in the manner in which they have been applied. An analysis is also conducted on the influence os this parties -- the State and private institutions related to the construction business, and on their interests and the consequences of such influences and interests, more specifically, how they have influenced the transformation of the urban landscape.

Estuda as transformações no urbano e na arquitetura da cidade de Campina Grande, interior do Estado da Paraíba, entre os anos de 1930 e 1950. A partir de levantamento de fontes primárias, investiga como discursos e práticas de circulação nacional e internacional aportaram, repercutiram e foram apropriados no município. O intuito é compreender como as investidas do poder público e da iniciativa privada, alicerçadas nos debates médicos e técnicos da época, romperam com formas anteriores de produção e uso da cidade e do edifício, instaurando novas estéticas, sensibilidades e rotinas para circular, habitar e gerenciar as necessidades do corpo. Inicialmente, analisa a cidade à luz dos 1930, como se configuraram sua modernidade e suas formas, usos, edifícios e infra-estrutura ao longo do tempo. Em seguida, estuda como os discursos e as práticas higienistas ordenaram o cotidiano e os espaços da cidade, redefinindo suas apropriações e paisagens. Por fim, examina as ações que adaptaram a arquitetura e a antiga estrutura urbana campinense a novos padrões estéticos e de circulação viária. / Studies the changes in architecture and urban spaces, in the city of Campina Grande (State of Paraiba), between the 1930s and 1950s. Using primary sources, researches how practices and speeches that had worldwide and nationwide circulation reached the city, how they were thought of, and how they were internalized by population. The aim is to understand how public and private attempts, based on medical and technical discussion of the time, departed from previous forms of production and use of the city and its buildings, and how these attempts introduced new aesthetics, sensitivities and habits in circulating, living and dealing with body needs. Initially, analyzes how modern shapes, uses, buildings and facilities rose in the city during the 1930s. Then, studies how hygienist speeches and practices disciplined daily life and urban spaces, redefining its uses and landscapes. Finally, examines the efforts in order to adapt ancient architecture and urban structure to new aesthetics and traffic standards.

Focusing on the town of Malmberget in northern Sweden, this study addresses the relationship between place, identity formation and social transformation among mining communities. Due to an expanding mining area, the town is being gradually demolished and remaining inhabitants will eventually have to be relocated. Concurrently, urban expansion plans are underway in the neighboring town of Gällivare. The aim of the study is to examine whether and how collective forms of identity are constructed in relation to Malmberget as place. What are the main values underlying such collective identity and are they being taken into considerations in the expansion plans? The study also examines if and how any attempts to preservation have been made in response to the demolition and redevelopment. The study is primarily based on interviews with inhabitants of Malmberget. It also draws on qualitative content analysis of documents on the expansions plans. As the study focuses on notions of place and collective identity, in its theoretical framework Lefebvre’s spatial triad is combined with a phenomenological approach of place and Jenkins’ conceptualisation of collective identity.   The findings suggest that there exists a collective ‘Malmberget identity’ consisting of certain values connected to place relations and community history. Some aspects of these values have implicitly been taken into considerations in the expansion plans in Gällivare, but far from all of them. The study also shows how interviewees have enacted preservation strategies as a way to cope with the urban transformation and to protect their shared collective identity.

China has undergone significant urban growth and industrialization over the last 30 years and its incredible development continues to move ahead at an increasingly rapid pace. In terms of urban expansion, China has just recently surpassed the world’s average urbanization rate of 50%, as it moves its massive population from rural to urban areas at an astonishing speed. It’s massive population and fast urbanizing speed aside, China is also unique in terms of its socio-political system and historical-cultural context: it is a hybrid of government planning and market forces. Since it encompasses a large part of the global population and has had a vastly different urbanization experience than that of Western countries, around which most theories are based, studying China’s urbanization is an opportunity to contribute to the field of urban studies in an unprecedented manner. However, these differences also make it difficult to develop a comprehensive study of China’s urban system since the predominant theories in the field are best suited to Western cities. This research rises to this challenge by systematically studying the relationship between the socioeconomic and biophysical processes in the Chinese urban system to understand the interaction between human and physical factors, and the landscape patterns that result from these interactions. This complex urban system is examined using a hierarchical, top-down approach. At the highest level is a Macro-scale analysis of the national urban system, followed by a study of the regional urban system: the JingJinJi Metropolitan Area at the Meso-scale, and finally a Micro-scale examination with a focus on the city of Beijing. Since urban systems develop over both time and space, the urban system is analyzed spatio-temporally on all three levels. Research at the national scale is composed of two parts. First, the challenges and opportunities of China’s urban development since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 are investigated in a general context. The institutional barriers that impede the management and continuation of China’s urban development are also discussed. Rank-size Analysis and satellite images are used to present the structural transitions of city scaling and urban clusters. These changes come with a series of challenges that are also iterated and discussed. This is followed by an analysis of the spatial distribution and transition patterns of China’s urban system using Centrographic Analysis, particularly since the post-1979 reforms. Second, the Macro-scale research focuses on a study of the urban hierarchy that is based on inter-city interactions as determined by the Synthesized Gravity Model (SGM). Under this model socioeconomic variables are synthesized and represented by the Influential Factor, while the Function Distance is derived from a Network Analysis that is based on multiple transportation methods. As an improvement on the conventional Gravity Model (GM), the SGM is used to accurately establish and represent the nodal structure of China’s urban system, the evolution of its hierarchical structure, and the relationships that exist between the nodal structure and socioeconomic factors. The results based on the SGM indicate that China’s national urban system is characterized by the emergence of urban clusters with stronger inter-city interactions since the 1990s. However, development among cities within certain urban clusters is not even, although the general pattern indicates a lessening inequality among cities. Spatially, while most cities at the top of the hierarchy are located in the east of China, cities in the middle and west of the country are also gaining higher positions in the hierarchy over time. On the Meso-scale, the applicability of the Cellular Automata (CA)-based SLEUTH model for regional urban growth pattern is studied through a focus on the JingJinJi Metropolitan Area (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei). By integrating socioeconomic factors into a modified SLEUTH model, the urban growth dynamics and future development scenarios of the area are simulated and predicted. The results based on the CA model show that this region is characterized by a dynamic development pattern with high spreading and breeding growth rules that relies greatly on the growing transportation systems. It also allows for the projection of three possible future urban growth scenarios, each occurring under different environmental and development conditions, showing the future urban growth with or without further intervention. This research confirms that four factors play essential roles in the formulation of the urban growth mechanism of the JingJinJi Metropolitan Area: Urban policies, Industry restructuring, Rural-urban migration, and Reclassification of urban boundaries. The Micro-scale study of Beijing is conducted from two perspectives: the social and natural. The social aspect adopts the factorial ecology approach to identify the social landscape patterns and the factors that have shaped Beijing’s social space in 1990 and 2000. The social mosaic has experienced a significant change due to suburbanization, resulting in a more dynamic and complex internal structure since the 2000s. From a natural perspective, Beijing’s physical landscape patterns are extracted by processing remotely sensed images that have the same temporal span. The physical change through landscape metrics demonstrates that Beijing’s expansion has generated a more complex and fragmented land use/cover pattern. Meanwhile, transportation systems play a significant role in urban expansion, although the expansion across the space (zonal rings and directional sectors) is not even. Finally, the relationship between the social and physical landscapes is quantitatively defined by the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) technique, using physical landscape metrics as dependent variables and social areas as independent variables. The GWR is able to demonstrate the relationship between the social and physical landscapes at this level: as a city’s social mosaic becomes more varied over time it results in the fragmentation of that city’s physical space.

Entre la fin des années 1960 et les années 1980, la ville de Paris a connu à la fois une période de grande transformation urbaine et un changement dans les stratégies de cette transformation par rapport aux héroïques Trente Glorieuses. L'analyse de ces modifications architecturales et urbaines et les processus de leur mise en œuvre sont souvent basés sur le point de vue de la morphologique ou des politiques urbaines. De plus, en France, l'étude des processus de décision et des transformations urbaines relève des sciences sociales. Cela a abouti à une malheureuse séparation des approches académiques: l'une portant sur la recherche du lien entre les politiques ou les théories de la communauté architecturale et les projets, alors que l'autre considère l'espace urbain déjà transformé comme un point de départ pour l'analyse sociale. Cette recherche vise à étudier l'écart entre ces deux approches méthodologiques influentes en France dans les années 1970 et 1980, grâce à une étude dans le domaine de l'histoire urbaine. Le principal objectif de la thèse est d'explorer le rôle de l'Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (ci-après APUR), une entité bureaucratique chargée de tâches multiples, dans le contexte du décalage entre rénovation et forme urbaine quant à la ville de Paris. Entre 1967 et 1989, l'APUR a joué un rôle essentiel dans la traduction du passage susmentionné en termes opérationnels, en créant un lien avec les institutions qui ont le pouvoir de transformer de vastes zones de la capitale française. Cela fut possible grâce au processus de négociation entre des institutions entre elles et avec les architectes et designers urbains dans lequel APUR a joué un rôle important. Dans ce contexte, la recherche étudiera également la relation entre les références culturelles et les processus par lesquels les espaces urbains sont convertis. Deux cas d'études nous permettent d'analyser ces changements urbains et le rôle joué par l'APUR: les transformations des Halles Centrales de Paris, et les projets pour le Secteur de la Villette, en particulier ceux de la place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, de 1985 à 1989) et le Parc de la Villette au cours du premier concours organisé par l'APUR (1976).Ces deux cas sont liés. D'une part, ils illustrent un point de vue culturel; d'autre part, ils rendent compte des processus institutionnels et politiques, montrant une transformation qui s'est produite dans toute la ville. Enfin, ils croisent la trajectoire de certains des personnages les plus emblématiques de l'architecture française de l'époque. L'un d'eux était Bernard Huet, un enseignant, théoricien, critique et concepteur qui a joué un rôle fondamental dans la définition d'un nouveau paradigme culturel. La recherche montre un changement dans le processus de transformation de l'espace urbain à Paris. Les pratiques sont passées de projets qui ont été générés par un débat animé, fortement lié aux sciences sociales contemporaines françaises, à une normalisation successive des projets urbains et d'un imaginaire urbain ainsi qu'à une légitimation culturelle de l'APUR. Le rôle crucial de l'APUR dans les deux cas d'études est analysé en comparant les archives de l'Atelier, celles des architectes impliqués dans les projets urbains ainsi que les fonds ministériels et présidentiels. Les sources orales sont limitées à un rôle de contrôle. Enfin ce travail vise à mettre en évidence le processus de « faire la ville » en soulignant le rôle d'une bureaucratie publique dans les transformations urbaines qui mènent, entre 1967 et 1989,à la conception contemporaine de la ville de Paris / Between the end of the 1960s and the 1980s, the city of Paris faced a period of extensive urban transformation and a change in the strategies of this transformation at the same time, in comparison with the heroic Trente Glorieuses. The analysis of these architectural and urban changes and the processes of implementation, are often based on a morphological or a policiy-oriented perspective. Moreover, in France, the study of decision-making processes and urban transformation falls within the scope of social sciences. This has resulted in an unfortunate separation of academic approaches: one focusing on finding the link between the theories of the architectural community or policies and the projects, while the other taking the already transformed urban space as a starting point for social analysis. This research aims to investigate the gap between these two methodological approaches, both influential in France during the 1970s and 1980s, through an urban history-oriented study. The main goal of the thesis is to explore the role of the Atelier Parisien d'Urbanisme (hereafter APUR), a bureaucratic entity charged of several different tasks, within the shift from urban renovation to urban form, concerning the city of Paris.Between 1967 and 1989, the APUR had an essential part in translating the aforementioned shift into operative terms, in connection with those institutions that had the power to transform large areas of the French capital. This was possible thanks to a negotiation process involving different institutions , as well as architects and urban designers, in which APUR took a major role. In this context the research will also investigate the relationship between the cultural references and the processes through which urban spaces have been converted. Two case studies allow an analysis of these urban changes and of the role played by the APUR: the transformations of the Halles Centrales of Paris, and the projects for the secteur de la Villette, especially those for Place Stalingrad (Bernard Huet, 1985-89) and Parc de la Villette during the first competition organized by APUR (1976).These two cases are intertwined. On one hand, they illustrate a cultural point of view; on the other hand, they give an account of institutional and political processes, showing a transformation that occurred throughout the whole city. Finally, they cross the trajectory of some of the most emblematic figures in French architecture at that time. One of them was Bernard Huet, a teacher, theorist, critic and designer who played an fundamental role in the definition of a new cultural paradigm. The research shows a change in the process of transformation of urban space in Paris. The practices shifted from projects which were generated through vivid debate, strongly linked to contemporary French social sciences, to a later standardization of urban projects and urban imaginaire and a cultural legitimation of APUR. The central role of APUR in the two case studies is analysed by comparing the Atelier's archives, the ones of the architects involved in the urban projects as well as the ministerial and presidential ones. Oral sources are restricted to a control role. In the end this work aims to highlight the process of city-making trough the role of a public bureaucracy within urban transformations: an active contribution which led, between 1967 and 1989, to the definition of the contemporary conception of the city of Paris

Kiruna har alltid varit förknippad med gruvbrytningen som sker under jorden i gruvan. Den malmkropp som järnmalmen bryts ifrån har en lutning in under Kirunas nuvarande stadskärna. Detta innebär således att allt som finns ovanför gruvan måste flyttas vilket leder till omfattande konsekvenser för bland annat skolor, bostäder, arbetsplatser, vård och omsorg samt invånarna för att man ska kunna fortsätta bryta järnmalmen i Kiruna. Därför pågår det just nu en omfattande stadsomvandling i Kiruna där stora byggnader rivs eller flyttas samtidigt som invånarna tvingas flytta från sina bostäder. Ca 2400 kirunabor besvarade år 2011 och 2016 en enkät med anledning av stadsomvandlingen. I slutet av denna enkät fanns det möjlighet för personerna att skriva vad de anser är viktigt gällande Kiruna kommun och stadsomvandlingen. Syftet med denna uppsats är således att fördjupa analysen om kirunabors upplevelser av den pågående stadsomvandlingen och hur de ser på sitt Kiruna genom en analys av dessa ”öppna svar” från enkäten som genomfördes 2016. Följande frågeställningar har formats utifrån syftet hur ser kirunaborna på det gamla Kiruna, hur upplever kirunaborna den förändring som stadsomvandlingen innebär samt hur beskriver kirunaborna Kiruna ur ett framtidsperspektiv? För att uppfylla syftet har de ”öppna svaren” kodats för att sedan tolkas och analyserats på ett systematiskt sätt med hjälp av teorier om självets reflexiva projekt, tillit, risk och ontologisk trygghet. Uppsatsen presenterar analysen via tre kategorier det gamla Kiruna, i en tid av förändring och nya Kiruna. Uppsatsen visar att stadsomvandlingen innebär både utmaningar och möjligheter för kirunaborna. När det gamla Kiruna försvinner upplever kirunaborna en sorg i de byggnader som rivs eller flyttas. Invånarna hoppas att den varma och mysiga känslan som finns i staden ska föras vidare till nya Kiruna. Den förändring som stadsomvandlingen innebär väcker många frågor hos kirunaborna. Analysen belyser en brist på att kunna vara delaktig gällande stadsomvandlingsprocessen och att det finns brister i tillgänglig information för invånarna. Vidare visar det att kirunaborna har åsikter kring placeringen av den nya stadskärnan som hamnar i det nuvarande industriområdet medan det gamla Kiruna centrum ligger med utsikt över fjällen. Faktorer som generation, landsbygd, turism, rennäring och klasskillnader belyses i analys och diskussion. Nya Kiruna ser man som en attraktiv stad med en blandning av gamla och nya byggnader. Det ses som en möjlighet att utveckla det som tidigare varit mindre bra och inte funnits på orten. / Kiruna has always been associated with the mining that takes place underground. The ore body from which the iron ore is mined has a slope under Kiruna's current city centre. This means that everything above the mine must be relocated, which will have major consequences for example schools, houses, workplaces, care and the inhabitants in order to continue to break the iron ore in Kiruna. Therefore, there is currently an extensive urban transformation in Kiruna where large buildings are demolished or relocated at the same time as residents are forced to relocate from their homes. Approximately 2400 inhabitants of Kiruna answered a survey in 2011 and 2016 as a result of the urban transformation. At the end of this survey, there was an opportunity to write what they considered to be important regarding Kiruna municipality and the urban transformation. The purpose of this essay is to deepen the analysis of the inhabitants of Kiruna experiences of the ongoing urban transformation and how they view their Kiruna through an analysis of these "open answers" from the survey conducted in 2016. The following questions have been formed based on the purpose how the Kiruna residents see the old Kiruna, how the Kiruna residents experience the change that the urban transformation entails and how the Kiruna residents describes Kiruna in the future. These "open answers" have been coded and then interpreted and analysed in a systematic way using theories about the self's reflective projects, trust, risk and ontological security. The essay presents the analysis through three categories: the old Kiruna, in a time of change and the new Kiruna. The thesis shows that the urban transformation presents both challenges and opportunities for the inhabitants of Kiruna. When the old Kiruna disappears, the Kiruna residents experience grief in the buildings being demolished or relocated. It is hoped that the warm and cosy feeling that exists in the city will be passed on to the new Kiruna. The change that the urban transformation entails raises many questions among the Kiruna residents. The analysis highlights a lack of being able to participate in the urban transformation process and that there are shortcomings in available information. Furthermore, it shows that the Kiruna residents have opinions on the location of the new city centre which falls into the current industrial area while the old Kiruna centre is by the mountains. Factors such as generation, rural, tourism, reindeer husbandry and class differences are highlighted in analysis and discussion. New Kiruna is seen as an attractive city with a mix of old and new buildings. It is seen as an opportunity to develop what was previously less good and did not exist in the city.

Examensarbetets huvudsakliga syfte har varit att undersöka hur stora omvandlingsprojekt påverkar en stadsmiljös karaktär. Detta har utförts genom en fallstudie av Uppsala, en stad i en av den mest expansiva tillväxtområdena i Europa. Det tillhör ett av regeringens prioriterade områden i satsningen på hållbara stadsdelar och städer. Ytterligare faktorer som undersökts har varit att studera planerade och pågående projekts kumulativa effekter på Uppsalas stadsmiljö och hur huruvida dessa förändringar är förenliga med kommunens styrande dokument.    Urbanmorfologisk teori har använts för att undersöka hur staden växt historiskt, primärt från 1800-talet och framåt. Det har även använts för att hitta fördjupningsområden för mer djupgående urbanmorfologiska analyser. Teorin har kompletterats med en dokumentstudie över relevanta dokument rörande Uppsala, såsom översiktsplaner samt kommunens innerstadsstrategi och arkitekturpolicy. Tre områden valdes ut för mer finmaskiga analyser utifrån dokumentstudien och den mer lågupplösta analysen av Uppsalas centrala delar. Två av dessa områden är ursprungligen industriområden i olika skeden av omvandling och det tredje är ett centralt område i närheten av många viktiga funktioner. Beståndsdelar som kvarter, fastigheter, byggnader, gator, gaturum och öppna ytor undersöktes. Tillsammans med aktuella planer och program gjordes slutsatser gällande de specifika områdenas framtida karaktär och struktur. Det gjordes sedan en undersökning huruvida undersökningsområdenas planer var förenliga med kommunens styrande dokument och hur omvandlingen av dessa områden påverkar Uppsalas stadsmiljö i sin helhet. Omvandlingsområdena var till stor del förenliga med kommunens innerstadsstrategi. Flest skiljaktigheter återfanns mellan fördjupningsområdet Främre Boländerna och kommunens arkitekturpolicy avseende kärnbegrepp som sammanhang, skala och befintliga värden. Projektens kumulativa effekter på Uppsalas stadsmiljö bedömdes leda till ökad homogenitet i gaturum, utbredning av rutnätsstruktur, högre byggnadsvolymer och bebyggelse från 1950- till 1970-tal som får göra plats för nya byggnader. Det erhållna resultatet avseende hur en stadsmiljös karaktär påverkas av storskaliga omvandlingsprojekts är att den befintliga karaktären ofta riskerar att gå förlorad. Detta till följd av att få beståndsdelar av urban form bevaras då de sällan är förenliga med syftet av omvandlingen eller rådande stadsbyggnadsideal.    För att bli bättre på att bevara stadsmiljön och karaktären av områden rekommenderas mer holistiska analyser utifrån urbanmorfologisk teori. På så vis kan en plats unika drag identifieras och vidareutvecklas istället för att främst omvandlas utifrån rådande stadsideal. / The main purpose of this master thesis has been to investigate how large redevelopment projects affect the character of an urban environment. This has been carried out through a case study of Uppsala, a city in one of the most expansive growth areas in Europe. It also belongs to one of the government's prioritized areas in the investment in sustainable districts and cities. Additional factors that have been investigated has been to study the cumulative effects of planned and ongoing projects on Uppsala's urban environment and whether these changes are compatible with the municipality's governing documents. Urban morphological theory has been used to investigate how the city has grown historically, primarily from the 19th century and onwards. It has also been used to find focus areas for more in-depth urban morphological analyzes. The theory has been complemented with a document study of relevant documents regarding Uppsala, such as general plans and the municipality's inner-city strategy and architectural policy. Three areas were selected for finer-mesh analyzes based on the document study and the lower-resolution analysis of Uppsala's central parts. Two of these areas are historically industrial areas at different stages of transformation and the third is a central area close to many important city functions. Components such as blocks, properties, buildings, streets, street spaces and open spaces were examined. Together with current plans and programs, conclusions were drawn regarding the future character and structure of the specific areas. An investigation was then carried out as to whether the investigated areas' plans were compatible with the municipality's governing documents and how the transformation of these areas affects Uppsala's urban environment as a whole. The focus areas were largely in line with the municipality's inner-city strategy. The biggest discrepancies were found between the area Främre Boländerna and the municipality's architectural policy regarding concepts such as context, scale and existing values. The projects' cumulative effects on Uppsala's urban environment were concluded to lead to increased homogeneity in street spaces, increased implementation of the grid street plan, taller building volumes and the replacement of buildings from the 1950s to the 1970s in favor of new buildings. The obtained result regarding how the character of an urban environment is affected by large-scale conversion projects is that the existing character is often at risk of being lost. This due to few elements of urban form being preserved as they seldom are compatible with the intention of the transformation or the current urban planning trend. To become better at preserving the urban environment and the character of areas, more holistic analyzes based on urban morphological theory are recommended. In this way, a place's unique features can be identified and be further developed instead of being transformed based primarily on the current urban trend.